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Hessel M van Dijk J, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Developments in the Synthesis of Mycobacterial Phenolic Glycolipids. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3295-3312. [PMID: 34581501 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The highly lipophilic outer barrier of mycobacteria, such as M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, is key to their virulence and intrinsic antibiotic resistance. Various components of this mycomembrane interact with the host immune system but many of these interactions remain ill-understood. This review covers several chemical syntheses of one of these components, mycobacterial phenolic glycolipids (PGLs), and outlines the interaction of these PGLs with the human immune system, as established using these well-defined pure compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hessel M van Dijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs A van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Luo WY, Lu B, Zhou RY, Hu X, Wang J. Chemical Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Epitope of Phenolic Glycolipid-1 Surface Antigen from Mycobacterium leprae. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10973-10979. [PMID: 32806098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PGL-1 epitope 1 bearing a p-aminoethylphenol group was efficiently synthesized by using linear synthetic routes. A method for efficient synthesis of oligosaccharides containing rhamnose rings was developed. The chemistry is flexible and could be used for the synthesis of other PGLs antigens. A biotinylated PGL-1 antigen 23 was synthesized and could be used as a probe for early detection of leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yue Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Library, Yancheng Teachers University, Hope Avenue South Road No. 2, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Bin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Library, Yancheng Teachers University, Hope Avenue South Road No. 2, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Ye Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Library, Yancheng Teachers University, Hope Avenue South Road No. 2, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Library, Yancheng Teachers University, Hope Avenue South Road No. 2, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Library, Yancheng Teachers University, Hope Avenue South Road No. 2, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.,Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, Cedex 9, France
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Barnes DD, Lundahl MLE, Lavelle EC, Scanlan EM. The Emergence of Phenolic Glycans as Virulence Factors in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1969-1979. [PMID: 28692249 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide. The global epidemic, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has prompted renewed interest in the development of novel vaccines for disease prevention and control. The cell envelope of M. tuberculosis is decorated with an assortment of glycan structures, including glycolipids, that are involved in disease pathogenesis. Phenolic glycolipids and the structurally related para-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives display potent immunomodulatory activities and have particular relevance for both understanding the interaction of the bacterium with the host immune system and also in the design of new vaccine and therapeutic candidates. Interest in glycobiology has grown exponentially over the past decade, with advancements paving the way for effective carbohydrate based vaccines. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of phenolic glycans, including their biosynthesis and role as virulence factors in M. tuberculosis. Recent chemical synthesis approaches and biochemical analysis of synthetic glycans and their conjugates have led to fundamental insights into their roles in host-pathogen interactions. The applications of these synthetic glycans as potential vaccine candidates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle D. Barnes
- School of Chemistry
and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Pearse
St., Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mimmi L. E. Lundahl
- School of Chemistry
and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Pearse
St., Dublin 2, Ireland
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity
Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ed C. Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity
Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eoin M. Scanlan
- School of Chemistry
and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Pearse
St., Dublin 2, Ireland
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Arbués A, Malaga W, Constant P, Guilhot C, Prandi J, Astarie-Dequeker C. Trisaccharides of Phenolic Glycolipids Confer Advantages to Pathogenic Mycobacteria through Manipulation of Host-Cell Pattern-Recognition Receptors. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2865-2875. [PMID: 27548027 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite mycobacterial pathogens continue to be a threat to public health, the mechanisms that allow them to persist by modulating the host immune response are poorly understood. Among the factors suspected to play a role are phenolic glycolipids (PGLs), produced notably by the major pathogenic species such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. Here, we report an original strategy combining genetic reprogramming of the PGL pathway in Mycobacterium bovis BCG and chemical synthesis to examine whether sugar variations in the species-specific PGLs have an impact on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and the overall response of infected cells. We identified two distinct properties associated with the trisaccharide domains found in the PGLs from M. leprae and M. tuberculosis. First, the sugar moiety of PGL-1 from M. leprae is unique in its capacity to bind the lectin domain of complement receptor 3 (CR3) for efficient invasion of human macrophages. Second, the trisaccharide domain of the PGLs from M. tuberculosis and M. leprae share the capacity to inhibit Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-triggered NF-κB activation, and thus the production of inflammatory cytokines. Consistently, PGL-1 was found to also bind isolated TLR2. By contrast, the simpler sugar domains of PGLs from M. bovis and Mycobacterium ulcerans did not exhibit such activities. In conclusion, the production of extended saccharide domains on PGLs dictates their recognition by host PRRs to enhance mycobacterial infectivity and subvert the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Arbués
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), BP 64182, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Wladimir Malaga
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), BP 64182, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Constant
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), BP 64182, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Guilhot
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), BP 64182, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Prandi
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), BP 64182, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Astarie-Dequeker
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), BP 64182, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, 31077, Toulouse, France
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5
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Synthesis of a disaccharide of phenolic glycolipid from Mycobacterium leprae (PGL-I) and its conjugates with bovine serum albumin. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-0991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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