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Abbasi SA, Rahim F, Hussain R, Rehman W, Khan S, Taha M, Iqbal T, Khan Y, Ali Shah SA. Synthesis of modified Schiff base appended 1,2,4-triazole hybrids scaffolds: elucidating the in vitro and in silico α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors potential. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 0:znc-2024-0073. [PMID: 38996406 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2024-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The current study involves the synthesis of Schiff bases based on 1,2,4-triazoles skeleton and assessing their α-amylase and α-glucosidase profile. Furthermore, the precise structures of the synthesized derivatives were elucidated using various spectroscopic methods such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HREI-MS. Using glimepiride as the reference standard, the in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated in order to determine their potential anti-diabetic properties. All analogues showed varied range of inhibitory activity having IC50 values ranging from 17.09 ± 0.72 to 45.34 ± 0.03 μM (α-amylase) and 16.35 ± 0.42 to 42.31 ± 0.09 μM (α-glucosidase), respectively. Specifically, the compounds 1, 7 and 8 were found to be significantly active with IC50 values of 17.09 ± 0.72, 19.73 ± 0.42, and 23.01 ± 0.04 μM (against α-amylase) and 16.35 ± 0.42, 18.55 ± 0.26, and 20.07 ± 0.02 μM (against α-glucosidase) respectively. The obtained results were compared with the Glimepiride reference drug having IC50 values of 13.02 ± 0.11 μM (for α-glucosidase) and 15.04 ± 0.02 μM (for α-amylase), respectively. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies were conducted based on differences in substituent patterns at varying position of aryl rings A and B may cause to alter the inhibitory activities of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Additionally, the molecular docking study was carried out to explore the binding interactions possessed by most active analogues with the active sites of targeted α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tayyiaba Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Yousaf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, 45550, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia
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Balbaa M, Awad D, Elaal AA, Mahsoub S, Moharram M, Sadek O, Rezki N, Aouad MR, Badawy METI, El Ashry ESH. Action of Thioglycosides of 1,2,4-Triazoles and Imidazoles on the Oxidative Stress and Glycosidases in Mice with Molecular Docking. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573413715666181212150955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
,2,3-Triazoles and imidazoles are important five-membered heterocyclic
scaffolds due to their extensive biological activities. These products have been an area of growing
interest to many researchers around the world because of their enormous pharmaceutical scope.
Methods:
The in vivo and in vitro enzyme inhibition of some thioglycosides encompassing 1,2,4-
triazole N1, N2, and N3 and/or imidazole moieties N4, N5, and N6. The effect on the antioxidant
enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) was
investigated as well as their effect on α-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase. Molecular docking studies
were carried out to investigate the mode of the binding interaction of the compounds with α-
glucosidase and β -glucuronidase. In addition, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR)
investigation was applied to find out the correlation between toxicity and physicochemical properties.
Results:
The decrease of the antioxidant status was revealed by the in vivo effect of the tested compounds.
Furthermore, the in vivo and in vitro inhibitory effects of the tested compounds were clearly
pronounced on α-glucosidase, but not β-glucuronidase. The IC50 and Ki values revealed that the thioglycoside
- based 1,2,4-triazole N3 possesses a high inhibitory action. In addition, the in vitro studies
demonstrated that the whole tested 1,2,4-triazole are potent inhibitors with a Ki magnitude of 10-6
and exhibited a competitive type inhibition. On the other hand, the thioglycosides - based imidazole
ring showed an antioxidant activity and exerted a slight in vivo stimulation of α-glucosidase and β-
glucuronidase. Molecular docking proved that the compounds exhibited binding affinity with the
active sites of α -glucosidase and β-glucuronidase (docking score ranged from -2.320 to -4.370
kcal/mol). Furthermore, QSAR study revealed that the HBD and RB were found to have an overall
significant correlation with the toxicity.
Conclusion:
These data suggest that the inhibition of α-glucosidase is accompanied by an oxidative
stress action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Balbaa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa Awad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Abd Elaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Mahsoub
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mayssaa Moharram
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omayma Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nadjet Rezki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah AlMunawarah 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Reda Aouad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah AlMunawarah 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Taher Ibrahim Badawy
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Naureen S, Noreen S, Nazeer A, Ashraf M, Alam U, Munawar MA, Khan MA. Triarylimidazoles-synthesis of 3-(4,5-diaryl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-phenyl-1H-indole derivatives as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Balba M, El-Hady NA, Taha N, Rezki N, El Ashry ESH. Inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase by diaryl derivatives of imidazole-thione and 1,2,4-triazole-thiol. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:2596-601. [PMID: 21497424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo and in vitro effects of 4,5-diphenylimidazole-2-thione (1), 4,5-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (2) and 5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (3) on α-glucosidase and α-amylase were investigated. The in vivo inhibition has been found to be dose-dependent and to occur at a value less than LD50. The in vitro treatment of the enzymes by 4,5-diphenylimidazole-2-thione exhibited a reversible inhibition of the non-competitive type with Ki value of 3.5 and 6.5×10(-5) M for α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively. 4,5-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione showed a reversible inhibition of the competitive and non-competitive types, with Ki value of 10(-5) M magnitude, for α-glucosidase and α-amylase. On the other hand, 5-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione did not display an inhibitory effect towards α-amylase but showed a potent inhibition of the competitive type for hepatic α-glucosidase with 10(-5) M magnitude of Ki value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Balba
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Jordan DB, Mertens JA, Braker JD. Aminoalcohols as probes of the two-subsite active site of β-d-xylosidase from Selenomonas ruminantium. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 1794:144-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Balbaa M, Abdel-Megeed M, Diab T, Mansour H. Inhibition of mammalian aspartate transcarbamylase by quinazolinone derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 23:483-92. [PMID: 18665995 DOI: 10.1080/14756360701709474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinazolinone derivatives have been studied as both in vitro and in vivo inhibitors of aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase). In vitro treatment of mammalian ATCase with four compounds revealed that they inhibited enzyme activity and that 2-phenyl-1,3-4(H)benzothiazin-4-thione was the most potent one. This compound acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor towards both aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate. The values of the inhibition constant (K(i)) indicate that this compound exerts a potent inhibitory effect upon ATCase activity. Moreover, in vivo treatment with different doses of these derivatives showed also an inhibitory effect upon ATCase, the relative activity being decreased by 40%-58% with a 1 mg dose. These data support the inhibition of ATCase by quinazolinone derivatives as a new type of inhibitor for the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Balbaa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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El din Awad OM, Attia WE, El Ashry ESH. Comparative evaluation of d-glucosyl thiouronium, glucosylthio heterocycles, Daonil, and insulin as inhibitors for hepatic glycosidases. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:469-76. [PMID: 15013383 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2003] [Accepted: 11/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of the in vivo and in vitro effects of S-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)thiuronium bromide (1), 2-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosylthio-1,3,4-thiadiazolin-5-thione (2), and 2-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosylthio)-1,3-benzoxazole (3), as well as the antidiabetics Daonil and insulin on glycosidase enzymes has been investigated. Compound 1 inhibited both alpha- and beta-glucosidases, but the inhibition was more potent with the beta-enzyme. Compound 2 was found to be a weaker inhibitor of these enzymes, while compound 3 showed a slight apparent activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfat M El din Awad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
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Balbaa M, Mansour H, El-Sawy H, El-Ashry ESH. Inhibition of some hepatic glycosidases by the diseco nucleoside, 4-amino-3-(D-glucopentitol-1-yl)-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole and its 3-methyl analog. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2002; 21:695-708. [PMID: 12502284 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120015726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo and in vitro effects of 4-amino-3-(D-glucopentitol-1-yl)-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole and its 3-methyl analogue on alpha- and beta-glucosidases, beta-glucuronidase as well as alpha-amylase have been investigated. alpha-Glucosidase is the enzyme that is markedly affected in vivo and in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. The compounds showed a reversible inhibition of a competitive type for alpha-glucosidase. Moreover, they exert a relatively potent inhibition on alpha-glucosidase with a Ki magnitude of 3.6 x 10(-4), 9.5 x 10(-5) M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Balbaa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Balbaa M, Yacout G, Ghonaim T, Othman D. Inhibition of aspartate transcarbamylase by a phenobarbital derivative. JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION 2001; 16:259-67. [PMID: 11697046 DOI: 10.1080/14756360109162374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian and hepatic aspartate transcarbamylase is inhibited by phenobarbital p-nitrophenylhydrazone in a reversible and non-competitive type with Ki values 8.45 x 10(-5) and 9.64 x 10(-5) M in the reactions toward carbamyl phosphate and aspartate, respectively. In vivo inhibition occurred in a dose-dependent manner in which less than 50% of the activity was retained. These observations suggest that this inhibitor may interfere with the in vivo regulation of this enzyme and lead to an additional biological effect of phenobarbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Balbaa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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