1
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Study on liquid-solid fluidisation behaviour of coarse coal particles: Experiment and CFD simulation. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mishra I, Molnar MJ, Hwang MY, Shetty A, Hrenya CM. Experimental validation of the extraction of a particle-particle cohesion model (square-force) from simple bulk measurements (defluidization in a rheometer). Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lungu M, Siame J, Mukosha L. Coarse-grained CFD-DEM simulations of fluidization with large particles. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Bahramian A, Olazar M. Evaluation of elastic and inelastic contact forces in the flow regimes of Titania nanoparticle agglomerates in a bench-scale conical fluidized bed: A comparative study of CFD-DEM simulation and experimental data. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Bahramian A, Olazar M. Influence of restitution and friction coefficients on the velocity field of polydisperse TiO2 agglomerates in a conical fluidized bed by the adhesive CFD-DEM simulation. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Determining a lower boundary of elasticity modulus used in the discrete element method (DEM) in simulation of tumbling mills. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mishra I, Liu P, Shetty A, Hrenya CM. On the use of a powder rheometer to probe defluidization of cohesive particles. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.115422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Effect of van der Waals force on bubble dynamics in bubbling fluidized beds of ellipsoidal particles. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.115343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Okhovat-Alavian S, Shabanian J, Norouzi H, Zarghami R, Chaouki J, Mostoufi N. Effect of interparticle force on gas dynamics in a bubbling gas–solid fluidized bed: A CFD-DEM study. Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Yeom SB, Ha ES, Kim MS, Jeong SH, Hwang SJ, Choi DH. Application of the Discrete Element Method for Manufacturing Process Simulation in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E414. [PMID: 31443327 PMCID: PMC6723742 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Process simulation using mathematical modeling tools is becoming more common in the pharmaceutical industry. A mechanistic model is a mathematical modeling tool that can enhance process understanding, reduce experimentation cost and improve product quality. A commonly used mechanistic modeling approach for powder is the discrete element method (DEM). Most pharmaceutical materials have powder or granular material. Therefore, DEM might be widely applied in the pharmaceutical industry. This review focused on the basic elements of DEM and its implementations in pharmaceutical manufacturing simulation. Contact models and input parameters are essential elements in DEM simulation. Contact models computed contact forces acting on the particle-particle and particle-geometry interactions. Input parameters were divided into two types-material properties and interaction parameters. Various calibration methods were presented to define the interaction parameters of pharmaceutical materials. Several applications of DEM simulation in pharmaceutical manufacturing processes, such as milling, blending, granulation and coating, were categorized and summarized. Based on this review, DEM simulation might provide a systematic process understanding and process control to ensure the quality of a drug product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Bin Yeom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gyeongnam 621-749, Korea
| | - Eun-Sol Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | | | - Sung-Joo Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Du Hyung Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gyeongnam 621-749, Korea.
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11
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Guo Q, Ye M, Yang W, Liu Z. A machine learning approach for electrical capacitance tomography measurement of gas–solid fluidized beds. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy and National Engineering Laboratory for MTO, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Mao Ye
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy and National Engineering Laboratory for MTO, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Wuqiang Yang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy and National Engineering Laboratory for MTO, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
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Agrawal V, Shinde Y, Shah MT, Utikar RP, Pareek VK, Joshi JB. Effect of drag models on CFD–DEM predictions of bubbling fluidized beds with Geldart D particles. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Liu Z, Lin W, Huang Z, Sun J, Yang Y, Wang J, Yang Y. Fluidization of Cohesive Fluorite Particles at Ambient/High Temperatures and Enhancement Methods. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxuan Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wangmin Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhengliang Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yao Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jingdai Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yongrong Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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Fan H, Guo D, Dong J, Cui X, Zhang M, Zhang Z. Discrete element method simulation of the mixing process of particles with and without cohesive interparticle forces in a fluidized bed. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sahoo P, Sahoo A. Computational and experimental studies on bed dynamics of a gas–solid fluidized bed using Geldart-A particle: A comparison. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2016.1194348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pranati Sahoo
- Chemical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Abanti Sahoo
- Chemical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
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Oke O, Van Wachem B, Mazzei L. Lateral solid mixing in gas-fluidized beds: CFD and DEM studies. Chem Eng Res Des 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Nan W, Wang Y, Wang J. Numerical analysis on the fluidization dynamics of rodlike particles. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Niegodajew P, Marek M. Analysis of orientation distribution in numerically generated random packings of Raschig rings in a cylindrical container. POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Zhao
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P.R. China
| | - Jinyang Zheng
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P.R. China
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Liu P, LaMarche CQ, Kellogg KM, Leadley S, Hrenya CM. Cohesive grains: Bridging microlevel measurements to macrolevel flow behavior via surface roughness. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Liu
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulder CO80309
| | - Casey Q. LaMarche
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulder CO80309
| | - Kevin M. Kellogg
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulder CO80309
| | - Stuart Leadley
- Dow Corning Europe SA, Rue Jules Bordet, Park Industrial – Zone CSeneffeB‐7180 Belgium
| | - Christine M. Hrenya
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulder CO80309
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22
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Liu P, LaMarche CQ, Kellogg KM, Hrenya CM. Fine-particle defluidization: Interaction between cohesion, Young׳s modulus and static bed height. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Girardi M, Radl S, Sundaresan S. Simulating wet gas–solid fluidized beds using coarse-grid CFD-DEM. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Hydrodynamic characteristics of gas-irregular particle two-phase flow in a bubbling fluidized bed: An experimental and numerical study. POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Wang M, Zhu W, Sun Q, Zhang X. A DEM simulation of dry and wet particle flow behaviors in riser. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Lu Y, Huang J, Zheng P. Fluid hydrodynamic characteristics in supercritical water fluidized bed: A DEM simulation study. Chem Eng Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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A Multi-Scale Hybrid CFD-DEM-PBM Description of a Fluid-Bed Granulation Process. Processes (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/pr2010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Galvin JE, Benyahia S. The effect of cohesive forces on the fluidization of aeratable powders. AIChE J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dynamic coefficient of friction and granular drag force in dense particle flows: Experiments and DEM simulations. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Yang F, Thornton C, Seville J. Effect of surface energy on the transition from fixed to bubbling gas-fluidised beds. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhang J, Feng Z, Jia X, Xu S, Li W, Du M. Characteristics of a Pressurized Gas-Solid Magnetically Fluidized Bed. Chem Eng Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201200491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chu K, Wang B, Yu A, Vince A. Computational study of the multiphase flow in a dense medium cyclone: Effect of particle density. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Wang J, van der Hoef M, Kuipers J. The role of scale resolution versus inter-particle cohesive forces in two-fluid modeling of bubbling fluidization of Geldart A particles. Chem Eng Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Olaofe O, van der Hoef M, Kuipers J. Bubble formation at a single orifice in a 2D gas-fluidized bed. Chem Eng Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang J, van der Hoef M, Kuipers J. CFD study of the minimum bubbling velocity of Geldart A particles in gas-fluidized beds. Chem Eng Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2010.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Chen Y, Jallo L, Quintanilla MA, Dave R. Characterization of particle and bulk level cohesion reduction of surface modified fine aluminum powders. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Numerical simulation of flow behavior of agglomerates in gas–cohesive particles fluidized beds using agglomerates-based approach. Chem Eng Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2009.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Modelling of dense gas-particle flow in a circulating fluidized bed by Distinct Cluster Method (DCM). POWDER TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ketterhagen WR, am Ende MT, Hancock BC. Process modeling in the pharmaceutical industry using the discrete element method. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:442-70. [PMID: 18563797 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The discrete element method (DEM) is widely used to model a range of processes across many industries. This paper reviews current DEM models for several common pharmaceutical processes including material transport and storage, blending, granulation, milling, compression, and film coating. The studies described in this review yielded interesting results that provided insight into the effects of various material properties and operating conditions on pharmaceutical processes. Additionally, some basic elements common to most DEM models are overviewed. A discussion of some common model extensions such as nonspherical particle shapes, noncontact forces, and interstitial fluids is also presented. While these more complex systems have been the focus of many recent studies, considerable work must still be completed to gain a better understanding of how they can affect the processing behavior of bulk solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Ketterhagen
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.
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Wang S, Liu G, Lu H, Yinghua B, Ding J, Zhao Y. Prediction of Radial Distribution Function of Particles in a Gas−Solid Fluidized Bed Using Discrete Hard-Sphere Model. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie8007049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Wang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China, and Agere Systems Inc., 555 Union Boulevard, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18109-3286
| | - Guodong Liu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China, and Agere Systems Inc., 555 Union Boulevard, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18109-3286
| | - Huilin Lu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China, and Agere Systems Inc., 555 Union Boulevard, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18109-3286
| | - Bai Yinghua
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China, and Agere Systems Inc., 555 Union Boulevard, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18109-3286
| | - Jianmin Ding
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China, and Agere Systems Inc., 555 Union Boulevard, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18109-3286
| | - Yunha Zhao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China, and Agere Systems Inc., 555 Union Boulevard, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18109-3286
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Zhu H, Zhou Z, Yang R, Yu A. Discrete particle simulation of particulate systems: A review of major applications and findings. Chem Eng Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2008.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1031] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Zhao XL, Li SQ, Liu GQ, Yao Q, Marshall JS. DEM simulation of the particle dynamics in two-dimensional spouted beds. POWDER TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Valverde JM, Castellanos A. Bubbling Suppression in Fluidized Beds of Fine and Ultrafine Powders. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/02726350802026656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Zhao XL, Li SQ, Liu GQ, Song Q, Yao Q. Flow patterns of solids in a two-dimensional spouted bed with draft plates: PIV measurement and DEM simulations. POWDER TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang XS, Rahman F, Rhodes MJ. Application of discrete element method simulation for studying fluidization of nanoparticle agglomerates. CAN J CHEM ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.20071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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