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Igarashi M, Shimizu T, Goto A, Hashi K, Yamamichi K, Nakano T. Hyperfine couplings between the paramagnetic moment and nuclei in the metallic phase of low silica X zeolite loaded with potassium. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9838-9843. [PMID: 38804114 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00599f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Temperature dependences of NMR spectra have been observed for 23Na and 27Al in the metallic phase of Na-K form low silica X (LSX) zeolite loaded with potassium, where the condition of saturation is achieved with a loading level of 9.0 atoms per supercage and the paramagnetic moment contributes to the magnetism of the system beyond simple isolated spin. Two separated peaks have been recognized for 23Na, where the shift values show a quite linear relationship with susceptibility, and the so-called K-χ plot works quite well to give values of 0.32 kOe μB-1 and 0.40 kOe μB-1 for hyperfine coupling constants. Although no separated peak is seen in the 27Al NMR spectrum, the spectral centroid deviates to the positive side. The shoulder of the spectrum scales to susceptibility and the K-χ plot also works well to give a value of 0.15 kOe μB-1 for the hyperfine coupling constant. The orbital of potassium-originated electrons confined in the cage of LSX is understood as seeping out over the framework of zeolite, which is wider than that of the sodium-originated case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuo Igarashi
- National Institute of Technology, Gunma College, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8530, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Shimizu
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Hashi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamichi
- National Institute of Technology, Gunma College, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8530, Japan.
| | - Takehito Nakano
- Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
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Nakano T, Watanabe K, Hanazawa A, Ishida Y, Tanibe K, Sakon R. Antiferromagnetism and insulator-metal transition of alkali metal-loaded sodalite. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7358-7366. [PMID: 38618984 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00562g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Alkali metal clusters with a single unpaired s-electron can be arranged three-dimensionally in a sodalite crystal by loading the guest alkali atoms. Na, K, and K-Rb alloy clusters are known to be Mott insulators and to exhibit antiferromagnetic ordering. The Néel temperature increases from about 50 K to about 100 K in this order. In this study, Li-Na alloy, Na-K alloy, and pure Rb samples were newly prepared and their magnetic, electrical conductivity, and optical properties were investigated, including those of previous samples. The Na-K alloy samples showed antiferromagnetic properties, which were intermediate between those of the Na and K samples. However, the Rb sample showed a non-magnetic metallic state. The shallower ionization potential in Rb is thought to cause an insulator-metal transition (Mott transition) due to weaker on-site Coulomb repulsion between electrons and larger electron transfer energy between neighboring clusters. On the other hand, the Li-Na alloy sample showed a non-magnetic insulating state. It is thought that the two electrons form a spin-singlet pair due to the strong electron-lattice interaction. In terms of electron correlations and polaron effects, the full picture of the element species dependence of the alkali metal-loaded sodalite is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Nakano
- Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan.
| | - Kunihiro Watanabe
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Atsufumi Hanazawa
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuko Ishida
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kenji Tanibe
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sakon
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Xu Y, Chen J, Aydt AP, Zhang L, Sergeyev I, Keeler EG, Choi B, He S, Reichman DR, Friesner RA, Nuckolls C, Steigerwald ML, Roy X, McDermott AE. Electron and Spin Delocalization in [Co 6 Se 8 (PEt 3 ) 6 ] 0/+1 Superatoms. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300064. [PMID: 38057144 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular clusters can function as nanoscale atoms/superatoms, assembling into superatomic solids, a new class of solid-state materials with designable properties through modifications on superatoms. To explore possibilities on diversifying building blocks, here we thoroughly studied one representative superatom, Co6 Se8 (PEt3 )6 . We probed its structural, electronic, and magnetic properties and revealed its detailed electronic structure as valence electrons delocalize over inorganic [Co6 Se8 ] core while ligands function as an insulated shell. 59 Co SSNMR measurements on the core and 31 P, 13 C on the ligands show that the neutral Co6 Se8 (PEt3 )6 is diamagnetic and symmetric, with all ligands magnetically equivalent. Quantum computations cross-validate NMR results and reveal degenerate delocalized HOMO orbitals, indicating aromaticity. Ligand substitution keeps the inorganic core nearly intact. After losing one electron, the unpaired electron in [Co6 Se8 (PEt3 )6 ]+1 is delocalized, causing paramagnetism and a delocalized electron spin. Notably, this feature of electron/spin delocalization over a large cluster is attractive for special single-electron devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Alexander P Aydt
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Lichirui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Ivan Sergeyev
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Eric G Keeler
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Bonnie Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Shoushou He
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Richard A Friesner
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | | | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Ann E McDermott
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
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NAKANO T. Antiferromagnetic Orderings of Alkali-metal Nanoclusters Arrayed in Sodalite Crystal Studied by μSR and Other Microscopic Probes. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER CHEMISTRY-JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.2477/jccj.2020-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehito NAKANO
- Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
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Photo-catalytic degradation of binding media of ultramarine blue containing paint layers: A new perspective on the phenomenon of “ultramarine disease” in paintings. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Norrbo I, Gluchowski P, Hyppänen I, Laihinen T, Laukkanen P, Mäkelä J, Mamedov F, Santos HS, Sinkkonen J, Tuomisto M, Viinikanoja A, Lastusaari M. Mechanisms of Tenebrescence and Persistent Luminescence in Synthetic Hackmanite Na8Al6Si6O24(Cl,S)2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:11592-11602. [PMID: 27088662 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic hackmanites, Na8Al6Si6O24(Cl,S)2, showing efficient purple tenebrescence and blue/white persistent luminescence were studied using different spectroscopic techniques to obtain a quantified view on the storage and release of optical energy in these materials. The persistent luminescence emitter was identified as impurity Ti(3+) originating from the precursor materials used in the synthesis, and the energy storage for persistent luminescence was postulated to take place in oxygen vacancies within the aluminosilicate framework. Tenebrescence, on the other hand, was observed to function within the Na4(Cl,S) entities located in the cavities of the aluminosilicate framework. The mechanism of persistent luminescence and tenebrescence in hackmanite is presented for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawel Gluchowski
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research Polish Academy of Sciences , PL-50422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Tero Laihinen
- Doctoral Programme in Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS) , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jaakko Mäkelä
- Doctoral Programme in Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS) , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Fikret Mamedov
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biomimetics, Uppsala University , SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hellen S Santos
- Doctoral Programme in Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS) , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Minnea Tuomisto
- Doctoral Programme in Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS) , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Pan L, Liu W, Chen W, Yan K, Yang H, Yu J. Crystal structure and band gap studies of sodalite: experimental and calculated results. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Metal-to-insulator crossover in alkali doped zeolite. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18682. [PMID: 26725368 PMCID: PMC4698653 DOI: 10.1038/srep18682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a systematic nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the (23)Na spin-lattice relaxation rate, 1/T1, in sodium loaded low-silica X (LSX) zeolite, Nan/Na12-LSX, for various loading levels of sodium atoms n across the metal-to-insulator crossover. For high loading levels of n ≥ 14.2, 1/T1T shows nearly temperature-independent behaviour between 10 K and 25 K consistent with the Korringa relaxation mechanism and the metallic ground state. As the loading levels decrease below n ≤ 11.6, the extracted density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level sharply decreases, although a residual DOS at Fermi level is still observed even in the samples that lack the metallic Drude-peak in the optical reflectance. The observed crossover is a result of a complex loading-level dependence of electric potential felt by the electrons confined to zeolite cages, where the electronic correlations and disorder both play an important role.
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Nakano T, Matsuura M, Hanazawa A, Hirota K, Nozue Y. Direct observation by neutron diffraction of antiferromagnetic ordering in s electrons confined in regular nanospace of sodalite. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:167208. [PMID: 23215125 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.167208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sodium clusters formed in the regular nanospace of sodalite (aluminosilicate zeolite) are known to show antiferromagnetic order without any magnetic elements. The clusters are arrayed in a body centered cubic structure. We have performed a neutron diffraction study and succeeded in detecting the magnetic Bragg peaks of the s-electron spins for the first time. The observation of both 001 and 111 magnetic reflections confirms the antiferromagnetic order with the antiparallel coupling between the nearest neighbor clusters. The magnetic form factor was examined by analyzing the intensity ratios of the magnetic and nuclear Bragg peaks. The result is in good agreement with the shape of the s-electron wave function derived from theoretical studies of the sodium nanoclusters in the cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Nakano
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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Del Federico E, Shöfberger W, Schelvis J, Kapetanaki S, Tyne L, Jerschow A. Insight into Framework Destruction in Ultramarine Pigments. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:1270-6. [PMID: 16441139 DOI: 10.1021/ic050903z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report key evidence on the framework destruction in ultramarine pigments upon color fading. Experiments on faded pigments in a fresco painting environment reveal that the paramagnetic chromophores are set free via sodalite framework destruction and are subsequently degraded. Fading in acidic media produces similar results, although a larger number of beta-cages appear to be destroyed, and H2S is released. The findings are further supported by studies on natural and synthetic ultramarine pigments of various shades via solid-state resonance-Raman spectroscopy, colorimentry, and solid-state 29Si and 27Al NMR spectroscopy. NMR parameters are shown to correlate well with the intensities of Raman signals corresponding to the S3(-*) chromophores. A further correlation is established between the colorimetric parameters, L* (lightness) and C* (chroma), and the paramagnetic shift and paramagnetic linebroadening in NMR spectra for both 27Al and 29Si.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Del Federico
- Department of Mathematics and Science, Pratt Institute, 200 Willoughby Ave, Brooklyn, New York 11205, USA
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