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Alparone A. Anharmonic IR and Raman spectra and electronic and vibrational (hyper)polarizabilities of barbituric, 2-thiobarbituric and 2-selenobarbituric acids. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 117:669-678. [PMID: 24128920 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Infrared, Raman and electronic absorption spectra, electronic and vibrational (hyper)polarizabilities, of barbituric, 2-thiobarbituric and 2-selenobarbituric acids were studied in gas using ab initio and density functional theory levels. The vibrational spectra were computed using harmonic and anharmonic methods. Anharmonic contributions improve the agreement between calculated and available experimental wavenumbers, especially in the highest-energy spectral region (wavenumbers >1700 cm(-1)). Vibrational and electronic transitions potentially useful to identify the investigated compounds were explored. The electronic and vibrational hyperpolarizabilities for the IDRI nonlinear optical (NLO) process at the λ value of 790 nm were computed. Supported by spectroscopic results, electronic and vibrational polarizabilities and second-order hyperpolarizabilities increase progressively in the order barbituric acid<2-thiobarbituric acid<2-selenobarbituric acid. The seleno-derivative is predicted to be ca. three/four times more hyperpolarizable than the barbituric acid. The Se→O or Se→S substitutions can be practical strategies to enhances the NLO properties of barbituric and thiobarbituric acid-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alparone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy.
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Abstract
IR and Raman spectra of selenophene and of its perdeuterated isotopomer have been obtained in gas phase through density-functional theory (DFT) computations. Vibrational wavenumbers have been calculated using harmonic and anharmonic second-order perturbation theory (PT2) procedures with the B3LYP method and the 6-311 basis set. Anharmonic overtones have been determined by means of the PT2 method. The introduction of anharmonic terms decreases the harmonic wavenumbers, giving a significantly better agreement with the experimental data. The most significant anharmonic effects occur for the C–H and C–D stretching modes, the observed H/D isotopic wavenumber redshifts being satisfactorily reproduced by the PT2 computations within 6–20 cm−1(1–3%). In the spectral region between 500 cm−1and 1500 cm−1, the IR spectra are dominated by the out-of-plane C–H (C–D) bending transition, whereas the Raman spectra are mainly characterized by a strong peak mainly attributed to the C=C + C–C bonds stretching vibration with the contribution of the in-plane C–H (C–D) bending deformation. The current results confirm that the PT2 approach combined with the B3LYP/6-311 level of calculation is a satisfactory choice for predicting vibrational spectra of cyclic molecules.
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Rhyman L, Abdallah HH, Ramasami P. Quantum mechanical study of the syn-anti isomerisation of 2-tellurophenecarboaldehyde: vive la différence. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 78:258-263. [PMID: 21055998 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The syn- and anti-conformers of 2-tellurophenecarboaldehyde are studied in the gas phase. A transition state is also modelled for the syn-anti isomerisation. Computations are done using different methods namely HF, DFT/B3LYP, MP2 and CCSD(T). The basis set used for all atoms is 6-311++G(d,p) except that LanL2DZ ECP is used for tellurium atom only. The optimised molecular structures and related structural parameters of these conformers are reported. The energy differences between the syn- and anti-conformers, associated rotational barriers and thermodynamic parameters are derived from the computations. The infrared frequencies of these conformers are also reported with appropriate assignments. This study is extended to include solvent effect and the conformers are fully optimised (DFT/B3LYP) using the integral equation formalism in the Polarisable Continuum model. In the gas phase, the theoretical rate constant for the unimolecular conversion, anti conformer to transition state, is reported for the first time; DFT/B3LYP (4.82×10(30) s(-1)) and MP2 (7.81×10(30) s(-1)). It is found that the structures are not much affected by the solvents but energy difference increases and rotational barrier decreases. The results indicate that there is a close agreement with the predictions from the different theoretical methods. The results obtained are critically analysed and compared with the furan, thiophene and selenophene analogues. A major factor affecting conformational preference and the mole fraction is the charge on the chalcogen heteroatom in the ring. An interesting outcome of this work is that in both the gas phase and solutions, the syn conformer is more stable and exists almost exclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rhyman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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Nandi PK, Panja N, Ghanty TK. Heterocycle-Based Isomeric Chromophores with Substantially Varying NLO Properties: A New Structure−Property Correlation Study. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:4844-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jp710010f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta K. Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, Howrah 711 103, India, and Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Nabamita Panja
- Department of Chemistry, Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, Howrah 711 103, India, and Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Tapan K. Ghanty
- Department of Chemistry, Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, Howrah 711 103, India, and Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
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Benková Z, Černušák I, Zahradník P. Basis set and electron correlation effects on static electric properties of 1,3-thiazoles and 1,3-benzothiazoles as potential fragments in push–pull NLO chromophores. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970600652979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Alparone A, Reis H, Papadopoulos MG. Theoretical Investigation of the (Hyper)polarizabilities of Pyrrole Homologues C4H4XH (X = N, P, As, Sb, Bi). A Coupled-Cluster and Density Functional Theory Study. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:5909-18. [PMID: 16640389 DOI: 10.1021/jp0574605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Geometries, inversion barriers, static and dynamic electronic and vibrational dipole polarizability (alpha), and first (beta) and second (gamma) hyperpolarizability of the pyrrole homologues C(4)H(4)XH (X = N, P, As, Sb, Bi) have been calculated by Hartree-Fock, Møller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory, coupled-cluster theory accounting for singles, doubles, and noniterative triple excitations methods, as well as density functional theory using B3LYP and PBE1PBE functionals and Sadlej's Pol and 6-311G basis sets. Relativistic effects on the heavier homologues stibole and bismole have been taken into account within effective core potential approximation. The results show that the electronic (hyper)polarizabilities monotonically increase with the atomic number of the heteroatom, consistent with the decrease in the molecular hardness. Ring planarization reduces the carbon-carbon bond length alternation of the cis-butadienic unit, enhancing the electronic polarizability values (alpha(e)) by 4-12% and the (hyper)polarizability values (and gamma(e)) by 30-90%. Pure vibrational and zero-point vibrational average contributions to the (hyper)polarizabilities have been determined within the clamped nucleus approach. In the static limit, the pure vibrational hyperpolarizabilities have a major contribution. Anharmonic corrections dominate the pure vibrational hyperpolarizabilities of pyrrole, while they are less important for the heavier homologues. Static and dynamic electronic response properties of the pyrrole homologues are comparable to or larger than the corresponding properties of the furan and cyclopentadiene homologue series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alparone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Italy.
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Lind P, Eriksson A, Lopes C, Eliasson B. Non-linear absorption of 2,5-dialkynyl thiophenes. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jansik B, Schimmelpfennig B, Norman P, Macak P, Ågren H, Ohta K. Relativistic effects on linear and non-linear polarizabilities of the furan homologues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(03)00278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mandal K, Kar T, Nandi P, Bhattacharyya S. Theoretical study of the nonlinear polarizabilities in H2N and NO2 substituted chromophores containing two hetero aromatic rings. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hieringer W, van Gisbergen SJA, Baerends EJ. Response Properties of Furan Homologues by Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0208485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Hieringer
- Theoretische Chemie, Faculteit Exacte Wetenschappen, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stan J. A. van Gisbergen
- Theoretische Chemie, Faculteit Exacte Wetenschappen, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evert Jan Baerends
- Theoretische Chemie, Faculteit Exacte Wetenschappen, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Millefiori S, Alparone A. Ab Initio Study of the Structure and Polarizability of Sulfur Clusters, Sn (n = 2−12). J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0121466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Millefiori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 8, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - A. Alparone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 8, 95125 Catania, Italy
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