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Olive LN, Heide AD, Turney JM, Schaefer HF. Ethynyl Radical Hydrogen Abstraction Energetics and Kinetics Utilizing High-Level Theory. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2024; 8:1349-1358. [PMID: 39045226 PMCID: PMC11261607 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The ethynyl radical, C2H, is found in a variety of different environments ranging from interstellar space and planetary atmospheres to playing an important role in the combustion of various alkynes under fuel-rich conditions. Hydrogen-atom abstraction reactions are common for the ethynyl radical in these contrasting environments. In this study, the C2H + HX → C2H2 + X, where HX = HNCO, trans-HONO, cis-HONO, C2H4, and CH3OH, reactions have been investigated at rigorously high levels of theory, including CCSD(T)-F12a/cc-pVTZ-F12. For the stationary points thus located, much higher levels of theory have been used, with basis sets as large as aug-cc-pV5Z and methods up to CCSDT(Q), and core correlation was also included. These molecules were chosen because they can be found in either interstellar or combustion environments. Various additive energy corrections have been included to converge the relative enthalpies of the stationary points to subchemical accuracy (≤0.5 kcal mol-1). Barriers predicted here (2.19 kcal mol-1 for the HNCO reaction and 0.47 kcal mol-1 for C2H4) are significantly lower than previous predictions. Reliable kinetics were acquired over a wide range of temperatures (50-5000 K), which may be useful for future experimental studies of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Olive
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Alexandra D Heide
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Justin M Turney
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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2
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Janalizadeh S, Foroutan G, Foroutan V. Nucleation of Carbonaceous Nanoparticles in a Low Pressure Ar/C 2H 2 Plasma with C 2H 4 Impurity. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6999-7011. [PMID: 37556428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Computer simulations of one-dimensional multi-fluid equations are used to study the effects of C2H4 addition on the plasma chemistry and formation of nanoparticles in a capacitively coupled Ar/C2H2 plasma. The results indicate that the most important effect is an enhanced production of hydrogen-rich species, especially C4H4. Regarding the effect of C2H4 inlet on different routes of nanoparticles nucleation, it was found that the nucleation via growth of neutral molecules is significantly suppressed, while the radicals and anions remain almost unaffected. As C2H4 participates in many cationic reactions, the concentrations of hydrogen-rich cations are largely enhanced, whereas those of carbon-rich cations are reduced. The numerical results also suggest that the main mechanism behind the production of C6H6 is the insertion of the C2H3 radical into C4H4. The concentrations of the precursors species of C6H6 are increased with an increase in the pressure but are reduced with the applied RF voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Janalizadeh
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
| | - G Foroutan
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
| | - V Foroutan
- ParsJahd Green Technologies, ParsJahd Industrial Group, Tehran 19917-15361, Iran
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3
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Watson PD, Corkish TR, Haakansson CT, McKinley AJ, Wild DA. Halide–propene complexes: validated DSD-PBEP86-D3BJ calculations and photoelectron spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25842-25852. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03796c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anion photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to determine the electron binding energies of the X−⋯C3H6 (X = Cl, Br, I) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D. Watson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Timothy R. Corkish
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christian T. Haakansson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Allan J. McKinley
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Duncan A. Wild
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia, Australia
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4
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Bowman MC, Burke AD, Turney JM, Schaefer HF. Mechanisms of the Ethynyl Radical Reaction with Molecular Oxygen. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9498-9511. [PMID: 30421915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ethynyl radical, •C2H, is a key intermediate in the combustion of various alkynes. Once produced, the ethynyl radical will rapidly react with molecular oxygen to produce a variety of products. This research presents the first comprehensive high level theoretical study of the reaction of the •C2H (2Σ+) radical with molecular oxygen (3Σg-). Correlation methods as complete as CCSDT(Q) were used; basis sets as large as cc-pV6Z were adopted. Focal point analysis was employed to approach relative energies within the bounds of chemical accuracy (≤1 kcal mol-1). Two dominate reaction pathways from the ethynyl peroxy radical include oxygen-oxygen cleavage from the ethynyl peroxy radical that is initially formed to produce HCCO (2A″) and O (3P) and an isomerization of the ethynyl peroxy radical to eventually yield HCO (2A') and CO (1Σ+). The branching ratio between these two competitive reaction pathways was determined to be 1:1 at 298 K. Minor reaction pathways leading to the production of CO2 (1Σg+) and CH (2Π, 4Σ-, 2Δ) were also characterized. The absence of CCO (3Σ-) and OH (2Π) was explained in terms competition with more accessible reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Bowman
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 United States
| | - Alexandra D Burke
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 United States
| | - Justin M Turney
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 United States
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 United States
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5
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Potapov A, Canosa A, Jiménez E, Rowe B. Chemie mit Überschall: 30 Jahre astrochemische Forschung und künftige Herausforderungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Potapov
- Laborastrophysikgruppe des Max-Planck-Instituts für Astronomie am Institut für Festkörperphysik; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Helmholtzweg 3 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - André Canosa
- Département de Physique Moléculaire; Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS-UR1 6251, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc 35042 Rennes Cedex Frankreich
| | - Elena Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda. Camilo José Cela, 1B 13071 Ciudad Real Spanien
| | - Bertrand Rowe
- Rowe-consulting, 22 Chemin des Moines; 22750 Saint Jacut de la Mer Frankreich
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Potapov A, Canosa A, Jiménez E, Rowe B. Uniform Supersonic Chemical Reactors: 30 Years of Astrochemical History and Future Challenges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8618-8640. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Potapov
- Laborastrophysikgruppe des Max-Planck-Instituts für Astronomie am Institut für Festkörperphysik; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Helmholtzweg 3 07743 Jena Germany
| | - André Canosa
- Département de Physique Moléculaire; Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS-UR1 6251, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Elena Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda. Camilo José Cela, 1B 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Bertrand Rowe
- Rowe-consulting, 22 Chemin des Moines; 22750 Saint Jacut de la Mer France
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7
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Gans B, Garcia GA, Holzmeier F, Krüger J, Röder A, Lopes A, Fittschen C, Loison JC, Alcaraz C. Communication: On the first ionization threshold of the C 2H radical. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:011101. [PMID: 28063431 DOI: 10.1063/1.4973383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The slow photoelectron spectrum of the ethynyl radical has been recorded for the first time by using the DESIRS beamline of the SOLEIL synchrotron facility. Ethynyl was generated using a microwave discharge flow tube. The observation of the X+Π3←XΣ+2 transition allowed the first direct measurement of the adiabatic ionization threshold of this radical (EI = 11.641(5) eV). The experimental results are supported by ab initio calculations. Our preliminary investigation of the cationic ground state potential energy surfaces predicts a non-negligible Renner-Teller effect which has not been discussed previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gans
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - G A Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, F-91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - F Holzmeier
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Krüger
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, F-91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Röder
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Lopes
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Bât. 350, Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - C Fittschen
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522-PC2A-Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J-C Loison
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bât. A12, 351 cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - C Alcaraz
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Bât. 350, Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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8
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Hickson KM, Wakelam V, Loison JC. Methylacetylene (CH3CCH) and propene (C3H6) formation in cold dense clouds: A case of dust grain chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molap.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Dash MR, Rajakumar B. Abstraction and addition kinetics of C2H radicals with CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C2H4, and C3H6: CVT/SCT/ISPE and hybrid meta-DFT methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:3142-56. [PMID: 25515623 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04677c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rate coefficients for the reactions of C2H radicals with methane (k1), ethane (k2), propane (k3), ethylene (k4), and propylene (k5) were computed using canonical variational transition state theory (CVT) coupled with hybrid-meta density functional theory (DFT) over a wide range of temperatures from 150 to 5000 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Ranjan Dash
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - B. Rajakumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
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10
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Parker DSN, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. The role of isovalency in the reactions of the cyano (CN), boron monoxide (BO), silicon nitride (SiN), and ethynyl (C2H) radicals with unsaturated hydrocarbons acetylene (C2H2) and ethylene (C2H4). Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2701-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60328h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The classification of chemical reactions based on shared characteristics is at the heart of the chemical sciences, and is well exemplified by Langmuir's concept of isovalency, in which ‘two molecular entities with the same number of valence electrons have similar chemistries’.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. S. N. Parker
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hawai'i at Manoa
- Honolulu, USA
| | - A. M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami, USA
| | - R. I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hawai'i at Manoa
- Honolulu, USA
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11
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Bouwman J, Fournier M, Sims IR, Leone SR, Wilson KR. Reaction Rate and Isomer-Specific Product Branching Ratios of C2H + C4H8: 1-Butene, cis-2-Butene, trans-2-Butene, and Isobutene at 79 K. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:5093-105. [DOI: 10.1021/jp403637t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Bouwman
- Departments of Chemistry and
Physics, University of California, Berkeley,
California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Fournier
- Institut de Physique de Rennes,
UMR 6251 du CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex,
France
| | - Ian R. Sims
- Institut de Physique de Rennes,
UMR 6251 du CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex,
France
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Departments of Chemistry and
Physics, University of California, Berkeley,
California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin R. Wilson
- Chemical Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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12
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Bouwman J, Goulay F, Leone SR, Wilson KR. Bimolecular rate constant and product branching ratio measurements for the reaction of C2H with ethene and propene at 79 K. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:3907-17. [PMID: 22429068 DOI: 10.1021/jp301015b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of the ethynyl radical (C(2)H) with ethene (C(2)H(4)) and propene (C(3)H(6)) are studied under low temperature conditions (79 K) in a pulsed Laval nozzle apparatus. Ethynyl radicals are formed by 193 nm photolysis of acetylene (C(2)H(2)) and the reactions are studied in nitrogen as a carrier gas. Reaction products are sampled and subsequently photoionized by the tunable vacuum ultraviolet radiation of the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The product ions are detected mass selectively and time-resolved by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Bimolecular rate coefficients are determined under pseudo-first-order conditions, yielding values in good agreement with previous measurements. Photoionization spectra are measured by scanning the ALS photon energy while detecting the ionized reaction products. Analysis of the photoionization spectra yields-for the first time-low temperature isomer resolved product branching ratios. The reaction between C(2)H and ethene is found to proceed by H-loss and yields 100% vinylacetylene. The reaction between C(2)H and propene results in (85 ± 10)% C(4)H(4) (m/z = 52) via CH(3)-loss and (15 ± 10)% C(5)H(6) (m/z = 66) by H-loss. The C(4)H(4) channel is found to consist of 100% vinylacetylene. For the C(5)H(6) channel, analysis of the photoionization spectrum reveals that (62 ± 16)% is in the form of 4-penten-1-yne, (27 ± 8)% is in the form of cis- and trans-3-penten-1-yne and (11 ± 10)% is in the form of 2-methyl-1-buten-3-yne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Bouwman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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13
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Kaiser RI, Mebel AM. On the formation of polyacetylenes and cyanopolyacetylenes in Titan's atmosphere and their role in astrobiology. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5490-501. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35068h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Blitz MA, Seakins PW. Laboratory studies of photochemistry and gas phase radical reaction kinetics relevant to planetary atmospheres. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6318-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35204d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Soorkia S, Liu CL, Savee JD, Ferrell SJ, Leone SR, Wilson KR. Airfoil sampling of a pulsed Laval beam with tunable vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry: application to low-temperature kinetics and product detection. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:124102. [PMID: 22225233 DOI: 10.1063/1.3669537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new pulsed Laval nozzle apparatus with vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) synchrotron photoionization quadrupole mass spectrometry is constructed to study low-temperature radical-neutral chemical reactions of importance for modeling the atmosphere of Titan and the outer planets. A design for the sampling geometry of a pulsed Laval nozzle expansion has been developed that operates successfully for the determination of rate coefficients by time-resolved mass spectrometry. The new concept employs airfoil sampling of the collimated expansion with excellent sampling throughput. Time-resolved profiles of the high Mach number gas flow obtained by photoionization signals show that perturbation of the collimated expansion by the airfoil is negligible. The reaction of C(2)H with C(2)H(2) is studied at 70 K as a proof-of-principle result for both low-temperature rate coefficient measurements and product identification based on the photoionization spectrum of the reaction product versus VUV photon energy. This approach can be used to provide new insights into reaction mechanisms occurring at kinetic rates close to the collision-determined limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satchin Soorkia
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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16
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Soorkia S, Trevitt AJ, Selby TM, Osborn DL, Taatjes CA, Wilson KR, Leone SR. Reaction of the C2H Radical with 1-Butyne (C4H6): Low-Temperature Kinetics and Isomer-Specific Product Detection. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:3340-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jp911132r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satchin Soorkia
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Adam J. Trevitt
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Talitha M. Selby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Washington County, West Bend, Wisconsin 53095
| | - David L. Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Mail Stop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969
| | - Craig A. Taatjes
- Combustion Research Facility, Mail Stop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969
| | - Kevin R. Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720
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17
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Berteloite C, Le Picard SD, Balucani N, Canosa A, Sims IR. Low temperature rate coefficients for reactions of the butadiynyl radical, C4H, with various hydrocarbons. Part I: reactions with alkanes (CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:3666-76. [DOI: 10.1039/b907154g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Berteloite C, Le Picard SD, Balucani N, Canosa A, Sims IR. Low temperature rate coefficients for reactions of the butadiynyl radical, C4H, with various hydrocarbons. Part II: reactions with alkenes (ethylene, propene, 1-butene), dienes (allene, 1,3-butadiene) and alkynes (acetylene, propyne and 1-butyne). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:3677-89. [DOI: 10.1039/b923867k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Faure A, Vuitton V, Thissen R, Wiesenfeld L. A Semiempirical Capture Model for Fast Neutral Reactions at Low Temperature. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:13694-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905609x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Faure
- Laboratoire de Planétologie, Observatoire de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS UMR5109, B.P. 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France, and Laboratoire d’Astrophysique, Observatoire de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS UMR5571, B.P. 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Véronique Vuitton
- Laboratoire de Planétologie, Observatoire de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS UMR5109, B.P. 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France, and Laboratoire d’Astrophysique, Observatoire de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS UMR5571, B.P. 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Roland Thissen
- Laboratoire de Planétologie, Observatoire de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS UMR5109, B.P. 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France, and Laboratoire d’Astrophysique, Observatoire de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS UMR5571, B.P. 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Laurent Wiesenfeld
- Laboratoire de Planétologie, Observatoire de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS UMR5109, B.P. 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France, and Laboratoire d’Astrophysique, Observatoire de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS UMR5571, B.P. 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
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20
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Hébrard E, Dobrijevic M, Pernot P, Carrasco N, Bergeat A, Hickson KM, Canosa A, Le Picard SD, Sims IR. How Measurements of Rate Coefficients at Low Temperature Increase the Predictivity of Photochemical Models of Titan’s Atmosphere. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:11227-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905524e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P. Pernot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, CNRS-Université Paris-Sud 11, Bât. 349, Orsay, F-91405, France
| | - N. Carrasco
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, UMR 8190, CNRS-IPSL-Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, BP 3, Verrières le Buisson, F-91371, France
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21
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Zhang F, Kim YS, Kaiser RI, Krishtal SP, Mebel AM. Crossed Molecular Beams Study on the Formation of Vinylacetylene in Titan’s Atmosphere. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:11167-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9032595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Balucani N. Elementary reactions and their role in gas-phase prebiotic chemistry. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:2304-2335. [PMID: 19564951 PMCID: PMC2695279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10052304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of complex organic molecules in a reactor filled with gaseous mixtures possibly reproducing the primitive terrestrial atmosphere and ocean demonstrated more than 50 years ago that inorganic synthesis of prebiotic molecules is possible, provided that some form of energy is provided to the system. After that groundbreaking experiment, gas-phase prebiotic molecules have been observed in a wide variety of extraterrestrial objects (including interstellar clouds, comets and planetary atmospheres) where the physical conditions vary widely. A thorough characterization of the chemical evolution of those objects relies on a multi-disciplinary approach: 1) observations allow us to identify the molecules and their number densities as they are nowadays; 2) the chemistry which lies behind their formation starting from atoms and simple molecules is accounted for by complex reaction networks; 3) for a realistic modeling of such networks, a number of experimental parameters are needed and, therefore, the relevant molecular processes should be fully characterized in laboratory experiments. A survey of the available literature reveals, however, that much information is still lacking if it is true that only a small percentage of the elementary reactions considered in the models have been characterized in laboratory experiments. New experimental approaches to characterize the relevant elementary reactions in laboratory are presented and the implications of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Balucani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; E-Mail:
; Tel. +39-075-585-5513; Fax: +39-075-585-5606
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23
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Zhang F, Kim S, Kaiser RI. A crossed molecular beams study of the reaction of the ethynyl radical (C2H(X2Sigma+)) with allene (H2CCCH2(X1A1)). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:4707-14. [PMID: 19492123 DOI: 10.1039/b822366a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The crossed beams reaction of ground state ethynyl radicals, C(2)H(X(2)Sigma(+)), with allene, H(2)CCCH(2)(X(1)A(1)), was conducted under single collision conditions at a collision energy of 22.0 +/- 0.4 kJ mol(-1). The center-of-mass functions were combined with earlier ab initio calculations and revealed that the reaction was barrier-less, proceeded via indirect reaction dynamics through an addition of the ethynyl radical to the terminal carbon atom of the allene molecule, and was terminated by atomic hydrogen emission via a tight exit transition state to form the ethynylallene product. The overall reaction was found to be exoergic by 93 +/- 15 kJ mol(-1). Since the reaction is barrier-less, exoergic, and all transition states involved are located below the energy level of the separated reactants, the formation of ethynylallene is predicted to take place in low temperature atmospheres of planets and their satellites such as Titan and also in cold molecular clouds via the neutral-neutral reaction of ethynyl radicals with allene. Implications to interstellar chemistry and a comparison with the chemistry of the isoelectronic cyano radical, CN(X(2)Sigma(+)), are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangtong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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24
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Loison JC, Bergeat A. Rate constants and the H atom branching ratio of the reactions of the methylidyne CH(X2Π) radical with C2H2, C2H4, C3H4(methylacetylene and allene), C3H6(propene) and C4H8(trans-butene). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:655-64. [DOI: 10.1039/b812810c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Consoli A, Benedikt J, von Keudell A. Initial Polymerization Reactions in Particle-Forming Ar/He/C2H2 Plasmas Studied via Quantitative Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:11319-29. [PMID: 18939812 DOI: 10.1021/jp8042413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Consoli
- Research Group Reactive Plasmas, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J. Benedikt
- Research Group Reactive Plasmas, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - A. von Keudell
- Research Group Reactive Plasmas, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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26
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Zhao ZX, Liu JY, Wang L, Zhang HX, Hou CY, Sun CC. A study of the hydrogen abstraction reactions of C2H radical with CH3CN, C2H5CN, and C3H7CN by dual-level generalized transition state theory. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:8455-63. [PMID: 18710195 DOI: 10.1021/jp804010t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen abstraction reactions C2H + CH3CN --> products (R1), C2H + CH3CH2CN --> products (R2), and C2H + CH3CH2CH2CN --> products (R3) have been investigated by dual-level generalized transition state theory. Optimized geometries and frequencies of all the stationary points and extra points along the minimum-energy path (MEP) are performed at the BH&H-LYP and MP2 methods with the 6-311G(d, p) basis set, and the energy profiles are further refined at the MC-QCISD level of theory. The rate constants are evaluated using canonical variational transition state theory (CVT) with a small-curvature tunneling correction (SCT) over a wide temperature range 104-2000 K. The calculated CVT/SCT rate constants are in good agreement with the available experimental values. Our calculations show that for reaction R2, the alpha-hydrogen abstraction channel and beta-hydrogen abstraction channel are competitive over the whole temperature range. For reaction R3, the gamma-hydrogen abstraction channel is preferred at lower temperatures, while the contribution of beta-hydrogen abstraction will become more significant with a temperature increase. The branching ratio to the alpha-hydrogen abstraction channel is found negligible over the whole temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Xia Zhao
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
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27
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Canosa A. Gas phase reaction kinetics at very low temperatures: recent advances on carbon chemistry using the CRESU technique. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2008. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2007v076n12abeh003733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Taylor SE, Goddard A, Blitz MA, Cleary PA, Heard DE. Pulsed Laval nozzle study of the kinetics of OH with unsaturated hydrocarbons at very low temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:422-37. [DOI: 10.1039/b711411g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Mullen C, Smith MA. Low temperature NH(X 3sigma-) radical reactions with NO, saturated, and unsaturated hydrocarbons studied in a pulsed supersonic laval nozzle flow reactor between 53 and 188 K. J Phys Chem A 2007; 109:1391-9. [PMID: 16833456 DOI: 10.1021/jp045541f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of ground-state imidogen radicals (NH(X 3sigma-)) with NO and select saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons have been measured in a pulsed supersonic expansion Laval nozzle flow reactor in the temperature range 53-188 K. The rate coefficients for the NH + NO system display negative temperature dependence in the temperature regime currently investigated and a global temperature-dependent fit is best represented in a modified power law functional form, with k1(NH + NO) = (4.11 +/- 0.31) x 10(-11) x (T/300)(-0.30+/-0.17) x exp(77+/-21/T) cm3/s. The reactions of NH with ethylene, acetylene, propene, and diacetylene were measured over the temperature range 53-135 K. In addition, the reactions of NH with methane and ethane were also measured at 53 K, for reasons discussed later. The temperature dependence of the reactions of NH with the unsaturated hydrocarbons are fit using power law expressions, k(T) = A(T/300)(-n), and are as follows: k4 = (2.3 +/- 1.2) x 10(-12) x (T/300)(-1.09+/-0.33) cm3/s, k5 = (4.5 +/- 0.3) x 10(-12) x (T/300)(-1.07+/-0.04) cm3/s, k6 = (5.6 +/- 1.9) x 10(-12) x (T/300)(-1.23+/-0.21) cm3/s, and k7 = (7.4 +/- 1.8) x 10(-12) x (T/300)(-1.23+/-0.15) cm3/s for ethylene, acetylene, propene, and diacetylene, respectively. The rate for NH + ethane at 53 K is measured to be k3 = (6.8 +/- 1.7) x 10(-12) cm3/s, while that for methane at the same temperature represents an upper bound of k2 < or = (1.1 +/- 4.3) x 10(-12) cm3/s, as this is at the limits of measurement with our current technique. The behavior of these systems throughout the temperature range explored indicates that these reactions occur over a potential energy surface without an appreciable barrier through a complex formation mechanism. Implications for chemistry in low temperature environments where these species are found are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mullen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Drive, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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30
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Carl SA, Vereecken L, Peeters J. Kinetic parameters for gas-phase reactions: experimental and theoretical challenges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:4071-84. [PMID: 17687459 DOI: 10.1039/b705505f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to illustrate the added value provided to experimental kinetics investigations by complementary theoretical kinetics studies, using as examples (i) reactions of two major hydrocarbon flame radicals, HCCO and C(2)H, and (ii) reactions of several oxygenated organic compounds with hydroxyl radicals of interest to atmospheric chemistry. The first part, on HCCO and C(2)H kinetics, does not attempt to give an extensive literature review, but rather addresses some major experimental techniques, mainly specific ones, that have allowed a great part of the available reactivity databases on these two species to be established. For several key reactions, it is shown how potential energy surfaces and statistical rate predictions based thereon have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms and have allowed estimates of product distributions as well as reliable extrapolations of experimental rate coefficients and branching ratios to higher temperatures. The second part addresses current issues in atmospheric chemistry relating mainly to hydroxyl radical reactions with oxygenated organics, and focuses on the experimental characterization of the often unusual temperature dependence of their rate coefficients and on the theoretical rationalization thereof, through the formation of hydrogen-bonded pre-reactive complexes and resulting tunnelling-enhanced H-abstraction. Finally, the development of general structure-activity relationships for OH reactions with organics, H-abstractions as well as OH-additions for unsaturated compounds, is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Carl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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31
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Hansmann B, Abel B. Kinetics in Cold Laval Nozzle Expansions: From Atmospheric Chemistry to Oxidation of Biomolecules in the Gas Phase. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:343-56. [PMID: 17290359 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200600646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
New developments and recent applications of pulsed and miniaturised Laval nozzle technology allowing many gas-phase molecular processes to be studied at very low temperatures are highlighted. In the present Minireview we focus on molecular energy transfer and reactions of molecular radicals (e.g. OH) with neutral molecules. We show that with the combination of pulsed laser photolysis and sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detection a large number of fast reactions of radicals with more or less complex neutral molecules can be measured in Laval nozzle expansions nowadays. It is also demonstrated that collisional energy transfer of neutral molecules can be measured via kinetically controlled selective fluorescence (KCSF) excitation down to 58 Kelvin. Finally, we show that even the primary steps in the oxidation of biomolecules or biomolecular building blocks initiated by OH radicals can be followed at low temperatures. The temperature dependence of the measured rate constants is the key for an understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and the Laval nozzle expansion provides a unique environment for these measurements. The experimental finding that many reactions between radicals and neutral species can be rapid at low temperatures are discussed in terms of pre-reactive complexes formed in the overall complex forming bimolecular reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Hansmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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32
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Hébrard E, Dobrijevic M, Bénilan Y, Raulin F. Photochemical kinetics uncertainties in modeling Titan’s atmosphere: A review. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2006.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Chikan V, Nizamov B, Leone SR. Product State Distributions of Vibrationally Excited CO(v) for the CH(X2Π) and CH(A2Δ) Channels of the C2H + O(3P) Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp040317b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Chikan
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Boris Nizamov
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
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34
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Spangenberg T, Köhler S, Hansmann B, Wachsmuth U, Abel B, Smith MA. Low-Temperature Reactions of OH Radicals with Propene and Isoprene in Pulsed Laval Nozzle Expansions. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp031228m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Spangenberg
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Köhler
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Björn Hansmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Wachsmuth
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Abel
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark A. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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35
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Li L, Deng P, Tian A, Xu M, Wong NB. Theoretical Study on the Reaction Mechanisms of C2H with O2. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp037658u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laicai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, People's Republic of China, Faculty of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China, and Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, People's Republic of China, Faculty of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China, and Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Anmin Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, People's Republic of China, Faculty of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China, and Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Minghou Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, People's Republic of China, Faculty of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China, and Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ning-Bew Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, People's Republic of China, Faculty of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China, and Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan H Laufer
- Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
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37
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Carl SA, Elsamra RMI, Kulkarni RM, Nguyen HMT, Peeters J. No Barrier for the Gas-Phase C2H + NH3 Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0377580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A. Carl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rehab M. I. Elsamra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raviraj M. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hue M. T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jozef Peeters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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38
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Nizamov B, Leone SR. Kinetics of C2H Reactions with Hydrocarbons and Nitriles in the 104−296 K Temperature Range. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp031162v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Nizamov
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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39
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Carl SA, Nguyen HMT, Nguyen MT, Peeters J. An experimental and theoretical study of the reaction of ethynyl radicals with nitrogen dioxide (HC≡C+NO2). J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1573192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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