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Zhang B, Li X, Zhang J, Wang J, Jin H. Study on the self-diffusion coefficients of binary mixtures of supercritical water and H 2, CO, CO 2, CH 4 confined in carbon nanotubes. WATER RESEARCH 2025; 283:123856. [PMID: 40414098 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2025] [Accepted: 05/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025]
Abstract
Nano-confined binary mixtures are prevalent in the chemical industry, geology, and energy sectors. Investigating their mass transfer behavior can enhance process intensification. This study examines the confined self-diffusion coefficients of binary mixtures of supercritical water (SCW) with H2, CO, CO2 and CH4 in carbon nanotubes (CNT) using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at temperatures of 673-973 K, a pressure of 25-28 MPa, solute molar concentrations of 0.01-0.3, and CNT diameters of 9.49-29.83 Å. We developed a novel machine learning (ML) clustering method to optimize abnormal MSD-t data, effectively extracting information and providing algorithmic enhancements for calculating the diffusion coefficient. We analyzed the effects of temperature, solute molar concentration, and CNT diameter on the confined self-diffusion coefficient and energy input. Results indicate that over 60 % of the solute energy input derives from the Lennard-Jones effect of the CNT wall. The confined self-diffusion coefficient of solutes increases linearly with temperature, saturates with increasing CNT diameter, and remains relatively constant with varying concentration. Finally, based on the unique relationship between CNTs and the confined self-diffusion coefficient, we developed a new mathematical model for prediction. The regression line exhibits an R2 value of 0.9789, offering a new method for predicting the properties of nano-confined fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Junying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China.
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2
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Côrtes PRB, Loubet NA, Moreira LS, Menéndez CA, Appignanesi GA, Köhler MH, Bordin JR. Nanoscale water behavior and its impact on adsorption: A case study with CNTs and diclofenac. J Chem Phys 2025; 162:034701. [PMID: 39812261 DOI: 10.1063/5.0246155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Water is a fundamental component of life, playing a critical role in regulating metabolic processes and facilitating the dissolution and transport of essential molecules. However, emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals, pose significant challenges to water quality and safety. Nanomaterial-based technologies emerge as a promising solution for removing those contaminants from water. Nevertheless, interfacial water plays a major role in the adsorption of chemical compounds in nanomaterials-as it plays in biological processes such as protein folding, enzyme activity, and drug delivery. To understand this role, in this study, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to explore the adsorption dynamics of potassium diclofenac on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs), considering both dry and wet conditions. Our findings reveal that the structuring of water molecules around CNTs creates hydration layers that significantly influence the accessibility of active sites and the interaction strength between contaminants and adsorbents. Our analysis indicates higher energy barriers for adsorption in DWCNTs compared to SWCNTs, which is attributed to stronger water-surface interactions. This research highlights the importance of understanding nanoscale water behavior for optimizing the design and functionality of nanomaterials for water purification. These findings can guide the development of more efficient and selective nanomaterials, enhancing contaminant removal and ensuring safer water resources while contributing to a deeper understanding of fundamental biological interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R B Côrtes
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Física e Matemática, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Nicolás A Loubet
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Avenida Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Luana S Moreira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cintia A Menéndez
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Avenida Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Appignanesi
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Avenida Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Mateus H Köhler
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - José Rafael Bordin
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Física e Matemática, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, Pelotas, Brazil
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3
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Imoto D, Shudo H, Yagi A, Itami K. A Double-walled Noncovalent Carbon Nanotube by Columnar Packing of Nanotube Fragments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202413828. [PMID: 39441566 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202413828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of double-walled noncovalent carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through host-guest complexation of nanotube fragments and tube-forming crystal engineering. As the smallest fragment of double-walled CNTs, a host-guest complex of perfluorocycloparaphenylene (PFCPP) and carbon nanobelt (CNB) was synthesized by mixing them in solvents. The immediate complexation of the PF[12]CPP⸧(6,6)CNB complex with a remarkably high association constant (Ka) of 2×105 L/mol was observed. Time-dependent 1H NMR and thermogravimetry measurements revealed that the stability of (6,6)CNB was significantly improved by encapsulation. X-ray crystallography confirmed the robust belt-in-ring structure of this complex. As indicated by the short distance between PF[12]CPP and (6,6)CNB (2.8 Å), intermolecular orbital interactions exist between the belt and the ring, which were further supported by theoretical calculation and phosphorescence quenching experiments. While the PF[12]CPP⸧(6,6)CNB complex adopts various crystal packing structures, chloroform was discovered to be a magic "glue" solvent inducing one-dimensional alignment of the PF[12]CPP⸧(6,6)CNB complex to build an unprecedented double-walled noncovalent CNT structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Imoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shudo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Akiko Yagi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Molecule Creation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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4
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Alderete B, Mücklich F, Suarez S. Evaluating the effect of unidirectional loading on the piezoresistive characteristics of carbon nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9247. [PMID: 38649370 PMCID: PMC11035679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The piezoresistive effect of materials can be adopted for a plethora of sensing applications, including force sensors, structural health monitoring, motion detection in fabrics and wearable, etc. Although metals are the most widely adopted material for sensors due to their reliability and affordability, they are significantly affected by temperature. This work examines the piezoresistive performance of carbon nanoparticle (CNP) bulk powders and discusses their potential applications based on strain-induced changes in their resistance and displacement. The experimental results are correlated with the characteristics of the nanoparticles, namely, dimensionality and structure. This report comprehensively characterizes the piezoresistive behavior of carbon black (CB), onion-like carbon (OLC), carbon nanohorns (CNH), carbon nanotubes (CNT), dispersed carbon nanotubes (CNT-D), graphite flakes (GF), and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). The characterization includes assessment of the ohmic range, load-dependent electrical resistance and displacement tracking, a modified gauge factor for bulk powders, and morphological evaluation of the CNP. Two-dimensional nanostructures exhibit promising results for low loads due to their constant compression-to-displacement relationship. Additionally, GF could also be used for high load applications. OLC's compression-to-displacement relationship fluctuates, however, for high load it tends to stabilize. CNH could be applicable for both low and high loading conditions since its compression-to-displacement relationship fluctuates in the mid-load range. CB and CNT show the most promising results, as demonstrated by their linear load-resistance curves (logarithmic scale) and constant compression-to-displacement relationship. The dispersion process for CNT is unnecessary, as smaller agglomerates cause fluctuations in their compression-to-displacement relationship with negligible influence on its electrical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Alderete
- Chair of Functional Materials, Saarland University, Campus D3.3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Frank Mücklich
- Chair of Functional Materials, Saarland University, Campus D3.3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sebastian Suarez
- Chair of Functional Materials, Saarland University, Campus D3.3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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5
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Natsuki T, Natsuki J. Constitutive Modeling of Mechanical Behaviors of Carbon-Based CNTs and GSs, and Their Sensing Applications as Nanomechanical Resonators: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1834. [PMID: 37368264 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene sheets (GSs), have garnered considerable research attention owing to their unique mechanical, physical, and chemical properties compared with traditional materials. Nanosensors are sensing devices with sensing elements made of nanomaterials or nanostructures. CNT- and GS-based nanomaterials have been proved to be very sensitive nanosensing elements, being used to detect tiny mass and force. In this study, we review the developments in the analytical modeling of mechanical behavior of CNTs and GSs, and their potential applications as next-generation nanosensing elements. Subsequently, we discuss the contributions of various simulation studies on theoretical models, calculation methods, and mechanical performance analyses. In particular, this review intends to provide a theoretical framework for a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical properties and potential applications of CNTs/GSs nanomaterials as demonstrated by modeling and simulation methods. According to analytical modeling, nonlocal continuum mechanics pose small-scale structural effects in nanomaterials. Thus, we overviewed a few representative studies on the mechanical behavior of nanomaterials to inspire the future development of nanomaterial-based sensors or devices. In summary, nanomaterials, such as CNTs and GSs, can be effectively utilized for ultrahigh-sensitivity measurements at a nanolevel resolution compared to traditional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Natsuki
- College of Textiles and Apparel, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
- Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Nagano, Japan
| | - Jun Natsuki
- Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Nagano, Japan
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6
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Wang X, Qi H, Chen X, Sun Z, Zhou H, Bi J, Hu L. A discrete-continuum mosaic model for the buckling of inner tubes of double-walled carbon nanotubes under compression. MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 2022; 172:104384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mechmat.2022.104384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
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7
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Cambré S, Liu M, Levshov D, Otsuka K, Maruyama S, Xiang R. Nanotube-Based 1D Heterostructures Coupled by van der Waals Forces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102585. [PMID: 34355517 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
1D van der Waals heterostructures based on carbon nanotube templates are raising a lot of excitement due to the possibility of creating new optical and electronic properties, by either confining molecules inside their hollow core or by adding layers on the outside of the nanotube. In contrast to their 2D analogs, where the number of layers, atomic type and relative orientation of the constituting layers are the main parameters defining physical properties, 1D heterostructures provide an additional degree of freedom, i.e., their specific diameter and chiral structure, for engineering their characteristics. The current state-of-the-art in synthesizing 1D heterostructures are discussed here, in particular focusing on their resulting optical properties, and details the vast parameter space that can be used to design heterostructures with custom-built properties that can be integrated into a large variety of applications. First, the effects of van der Waals coupling on the properties of the simplest and best-studied 1D heterostructure, namely a double-walled carbon nanotube, are described, and then heterostructures built from the inside and the outside are considered, which all use a nanotube as a template, and, finally, an outlook is provided for the future of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Cambré
- Nanostructured and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Dmitry Levshov
- Nanostructured and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Keigo Otsuka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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8
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Shit SP, Pal S, Ghosh N, Sau K. Thermophysical properties of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride nanofluids: A comparative study by molecular dynamics. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Marana NL, Noel Y, Sambrano JR, Ribaldone C, Casassa S. Ab Initio Modeling of MultiWall: A General Algorithm First Applied to Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4003-4012. [PMID: 33909439 PMCID: PMC8279650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A general, versatile
and automated computational algorithm to design
any type of multiwall nanotubes of any chiralities is presented for
the first time. It can be applied to rolling up surfaces obtained
from cubic, hexagonal, and orthorhombic lattices. Full exploitation
of the helical symmetry permits a drastic reduction of the computational
cost and therefore opens to the study of realistic systems. As a test
case, the structural, electronic, mechanical, and transport properties
of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are calculated using a density
functional theory approach, and results are compared with those of
the corresponding layered (graphene-like) precursors. The interaction
between layers has a general minimum for the inter-wall distance of
≈3.4 Å, in good agreement with experimental and computed
optimal distances in graphene sheets. The metallic armchair and semiconductor
zigzag MWCNT are almost isoenergetic and their stability increases
as the number of walls increases. The vibrational fingerprint provides
a reliable tool to identify the chirality and the thickness of the
nanostructures. Finally, some promising thermoelectric features of
the semiconductor MWCNT are reproduced and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Leticia Marana
- Modeling and Molecular Simulation Group-CDMF, São Paulo State University, UNESP, 17033-360 Bauru, SP, Brazil.,Theoretical Group of Chemistry, Chemistry Department I.F.M., Torino University, Torino 10124, Italy
| | - Yves Noel
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre Paris (iSTeP), Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Julio Ricardo Sambrano
- Modeling and Molecular Simulation Group-CDMF, São Paulo State University, UNESP, 17033-360 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Chiara Ribaldone
- Theoretical Group of Chemistry, Chemistry Department I.F.M., Torino University, Torino 10124, Italy
| | - Silvia Casassa
- Theoretical Group of Chemistry, Chemistry Department I.F.M., Torino University, Torino 10124, Italy
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10
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Khan ME. State-of-the-art developments in carbon-based metal nanocomposites as a catalyst: photocatalysis. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1887-1900. [PMID: 36133084 PMCID: PMC9418201 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The rapid progress of state-of-the-art carbon-based metals as a catalyst is playing a central role in the research area of chemical and materials engineering for effective visible-light-induced catalytic applications. Numerous admirable catalysts have been fabricated, but significant challenges persist to lower the cost and increase the action of catalysts. The development of carbon-based nanostructured materials (i.e., activated carbon, carbon nitride, graphite, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, diamond, graphene, etc.) represents an admirable substitute to out-of-date catalysts. Significant efforts have been made by researchers toward the improvement of various carbon-based metal nanostructures as catalysts. Moreover, incredible development has been achieved in several fields of catalysis, such as visible-light-induced catalysis, electrochemical performance, energy storage, and conversion, etc. This review gives an overview of the up-to-date developments in the strategy of design and fabrication of carbon-based metal nanostructures as photo-catalysts by means of several methods within the green approach, including chemical synthesis, in situ growth, solution mixing, and hydrothermal approaches. Moreover, the photocatalytic effects of the resulting carbon-based nanostructure classifications are similarly deliberated relative to their eco-friendly applications, such as photocatalytic degradation of organic dye pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ehtisham Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, College of Applied Industrial Technology (CAIT), Jazan University Jazan 45971 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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11
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Matsuno T, Ohtomo Y, Someya M, Isobe H. Stereoselectivity in spontaneous assembly of rolled incommensurate carbon bilayers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1575. [PMID: 33692364 PMCID: PMC7946902 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodicity of two-dimensional entities can be manipulated by their stacking assembly, and incommensurate stacks of bilayers are attracting considerable interest in materials science. Stereoisomerism in incommensurate bilayers was first noted with incommensurate double-wall carbon nanotubes composed of helical carbon networks, but the lack of structural information hampered the chemical understanding such as the stereoselectivity during bilayer formation. In this study, we construct a finite molecular version of incommensurate carbon bilayers by assembling two helical cylindrical molecules in solution. An outer cylindrical molecule is designed to encapsulate a small-bore helical cylindrical molecule, and the spontaneous assembly of coaxial complexes proceeds in a stereoselective manner in solution with a preference for heterohelical combinations over diastereomeric, homohelical combinations. The rational design of incommensurate bilayers for material applications may be facilitated by the design and development of molecular versions with discrete structures with atomic precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yutaro Ohtomo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Someya
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Lin X, Han Q. Defect-driven rotating system based on a double-walled carbon nanotube and graphene. J Mol Model 2019; 25:262. [PMID: 31422475 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A nanoscale rotating system that consists of a double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT) and graphene and is driven by a defect in the graphene is proposed, and its rotating dynamics and driving mechanism are investigated through molecular dynamics simulations. A potential energy difference caused by the presence of the vacancy defect on the graphene substrate causes the outer tube in the DWCNT to stably rotate in a specific direction. The rotational speed of the outer tubem initially increases before reaching a stable speed. This phenomenon indicates that the driving torque is a difference between the sides of the outer tube in the van der Waals potential; this difference in potential is caused by the presence of the defect in the graphene. In addition, the effects of the system temperature, the radius and chiral vectors of the DWCNT, and the location of the defect in the graphene are investigated. The theoretical work reported here should provide a reference for the design of motion systems based on carbon nanotubes and graphene and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Lin
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Han
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Loulijat H, Koumina A, Zerradi H. The effect of the thermal vibration of graphene nanosheets on viscosity of nanofluid liquid argon containing graphene nanosheets. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.12.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Guo Z, Zhang H, Li J, Leng J, Zhang Y, Chang T. An intrinsic energy conversion mechanism via telescopic extension and retraction of concentric carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4897-4903. [PMID: 29480296 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07971k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of other forms of energy into mechanical work through the geometrical extension and retraction of nanomaterials has a wide variety of potential applications, including for mimicking biomotors. Here, using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that there exists an intrinsic energy conversion mechanism between thermal energy and mechanical work in the telescopic motions of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs). A DWCNT can inherently convert heat into mechanical work in its telescopic extension process, while convert mechanical energy into heat in its telescopic retraction process. These two processes are nearly thermodynamically reversible. The underlying mechanism for this energy conversion is that the configurational entropy changes with the telescopic overlapping length of concentric individual tubes. We also find that the entropy effect enlarges with the decreasing intertube space of DWCNTs. As a result, the spontaneous telescopic motion of a condensed DWCNT can be switched to extrusion by increasing the system temperature above a critical value. These findings are important for fundamentally understanding the mechanical behavior of concentric nanotubes, and may have general implications in the application of DWCNTs as linear motors in nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Jang B, Kim B, Kim JH, Lee HJ, Sumigawa T, Kitamura T. Asynchronous cracking with dissimilar paths in multilayer graphene. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:17325-17333. [PMID: 29094137 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04443g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer graphene consists of a stack of single-atomic-thick monolayer graphene sheets bound with π-π interactions and is a fascinating model material opening up a new field of fracture mechanics. In this study, fracture behavior of single-crystalline multilayer graphene was investigated using an in situ mode I fracture test under a scanning electron microscope, and abnormal crack propagation in multilayer graphene was identified for the first time. The fracture toughness of graphene was determined from the measured load-displacement curves and the realistic finite element modelling of specimen geometries. Nonlinear fracture behavior of the multilayer graphene is discussed based on nonlinear elastic fracture mechanics. In situ scanning electron microscope images obtained during the fracture test showed asynchronous crack propagation along independent paths, causing interlayer shear stress and slippages. We also found that energy dissipation by interlayer slippages between the graphene layers is the reason for the enhanced fracture toughness of multilayer graphene. The asynchronous cracking with independent paths is a unique cracking and toughening mechanism for single-crystalline multilayer graphene, which is not observed for the monolayer graphene. This could provide a useful insight for the design and development of graphene-based composite materials for structural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongkyun Jang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
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16
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Ha J, Jung HY, Hao J, Li B, Raeliarijaona A, Alarcón J, Terrones H, Ajayan PM, Jung YJ, Kim J, Kim D. Ultrafast structural evolution and formation of linear carbon chains in single-walled carbon nanotube networks by femtosecond laser irradiation. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:16627-16631. [PMID: 29086781 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05883g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inter-allotropic structural transformation of sp2 structured nanocarbon is a topic of fundamental and technological interest in scalable nanomanufacturing. Such modifications usually require extremely high temperature or high-energy irradiation, and are usually a destructive and time-consuming process. Here, we demonstrate a method for engineering a molecular structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and their network properties by femtosecond laser irradiation. This method allows effective coalescence between SWNTs, transforming them into other allotropic nanocarbon structures (double-walled, triple-walled and multi-walled nanotubes) with the formation of linear carbon chains. The nanocarbon network created by this laser-induced transformation process shows extraordinarily strong coalescence induced mode in Raman spectra and two-times enhanced electrical conductivity. This work suggests a powerful method for engineering sp2 carbon allotropes and their junctions, which provides possibilities for next generation materials with structural hybridization at the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghong Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Cai K, Zhang X, Shi J, Qin QH. Rotation-excited perfect oscillation of a tri-walled nanotube-based oscillator at ultralow temperature. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:155701. [PMID: 28303802 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa622d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, carbon-nanotube (CNT)-based gigahertz oscillators have been widely used in numerous areas of practical engineering such as high-speed digital, analog circuits, and memory cells. One of the major challenges to practical applications of the gigahertz oscillator is generating a stable oscillation process from the gigahertz oscillators and then maintaining the stable process for a specified period of time. To address this challenge, an oscillator from a triple-walled CNT-based rotary system is proposed and analyzed numerically in this paper, using a molecular dynamics approach. In this system, the outer tube is fixed partly as a stator. The middle tube, with a constant rotation, is named Rotor 2 and runs in the stator. The inner tube acts as Rotor 1, which can rotate freely in Rotor 2. Due to the friction between the two rotors when they have relative motion, the rotational frequency of Rotor 1 increases continuously and tends to converge with that of Rotor 2. During rotation, the oscillation of Rotor 1 may be excited owing to both a strong end barrier at Rotor 2 and thermal vibration of atoms in the tubes. From the discussion on the effects of length of Rotor 1, temperature, and input rotational frequency of Rotor 2 on the dynamic response of Rotor 1, an effective way to control the oscillation of Rotor 1 is found. Being much longer than Rotor 2, Rotor 1 will have perfect oscillation, i.e., with both stable (or nearly constant) period and amplitude-especially at relatively low temperature. This discovery can be taken as a useful guidance for the design of an oscillator from CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cai
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China. Research School of Engineering, the Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Commonwealth of Australia
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18
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A Shell Model for Free Vibration Analysis of Carbon Nanoscroll. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10040387. [PMID: 28772748 PMCID: PMC5506939 DOI: 10.3390/ma10040387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanoscroll (CNS) is a graphene sheet rolled into a spiral structure with great potential for different applications in nanotechnology. In this paper, an equivalent open shell model is presented to study the vibration behavior of a CNS with arbitrary boundary conditions. The equivalent parameters used for modeling the carbon nanotubes are implemented to simulate the CNS. The interactions between the layers of CNS due to van der Waals forces are included in the model. The uniformly distributed translational and torsional springs along the boundaries are considered to achieve a unified solution for different boundary conditions. To study the vibration characteristics of CNS, total energy including strain energy, kinetic energy, and van der Waals energy are minimized using the Rayleigh-Ritz technique. The first-order shear deformation theory has been utilized to model the shell. Chebyshev polynomials of first kind are used to obtain the eigenvalue matrices. The natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes of CNS in different boundary conditions are evaluated. The effect of electric field in axial direction on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of CNS is investigated. The results indicate that, as the electric field increases, the natural frequencies decrease.
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Wagemann E, Oyarzua E, Walther JH, Zambrano HA. Slip divergence of water flow in graphene nanochannels: the role of chirality. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:8646-8652. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07755b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Graphene has attracted considerable attention due to its characteristics as a 2D material and its fascinating properties, providing a potential building block for fabrication of nanofluidic conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jens H. Walther
- Technical University of Denmark
- Copenhagen
- Denmark
- Chair of Computational Science
- ETH Zurich
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20
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Leng J, Guo Z, Zhang H, Chang T, Guo X, Gao H. Negative Thermophoresis in Concentric Carbon Nanotube Nanodevices. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6396-6402. [PMID: 27626825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Positive and negative thermophoresis in fluids has found widespread applications from mass transport to molecule manipulation. In solids, although positive thermophoresis has been recently discovered in both theoretical and experimental studies, negative thermophoresis has never been reported. Here we reveal via molecular dynamics simulations that negative thermophoresis does exist in solids. We consider the motion of a single walled carbon nanotube nested inside of two separate outer tubes held at different temperatures. It is found that a sufficiently long inner tube will undergo negative thermophoresis, whereas positive thermophoresis is favorable for a relatively short inner tube. Mechanisms for the observed positive thermophoresis and negative thermophoresis are shown to be totally different. In positive thermophoresis, the driving force comes mainly from the thermally induced edge force and the interlayer attraction force, whereas the driving force for negative thermophoresis is mainly due to the thermal gradient force. These findings have enriched our knowledge of the fundamental driving mechanisms for thermophoresis in solids and may stimulate its further applications in nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Leng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Tienchong Chang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingming Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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21
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Wang L, Han J, Sundahl B, Thornton S, Zhu Y, Zhou R, Jaye C, Liu H, Li ZQ, Taylor GT, Fischer DA, Appenzeller J, Harrison RJ, Wong SS. Ligand-induced dependence of charge transfer in nanotube-quantum dot heterostructures. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:15553-15570. [PMID: 27368081 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03091b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As a model system to probe ligand-dependent charge transfer in complex composite heterostructures, we fabricated double-walled carbon nanotube (DWNT)-CdSe quantum dot (QD) composites. Whereas the average diameter of the QDs probed was kept fixed at ∼4.1 nm and the nanotubes analyzed were similarly oxidatively processed, by contrast, the ligands used to mediate the covalent attachment between the QDs and DWNTs were systematically varied to include p-phenylenediamine (PPD), 2-aminoethanethiol (AET), and 4-aminothiophenol (ATP). Herein, we have put forth a unique compilation of complementary data from experiment and theory, including results from transmission electron microscopy (TEM), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electrical transport measurements, and theoretical modeling studies, in order to fundamentally assess the nature of the charge transfer between CdSe QDs and DWNTs, as a function of the structure of various, intervening bridging ligand molecules. Specifically, we correlated evidence of charge transfer as manifested by changes and shifts associated with NEXAFS intensities, Raman peak positions, and threshold voltages both before and after CdSe QD deposition onto the underlying DWNT surface. Importantly, for the first time ever in these types of nanoscale composite systems, we have sought to use theoretical modeling to justify and account for our experimental results. Our overall data suggest that (i) QD coverage density on the DWNTs varies, based upon the different ligand pendant groups used and that (ii) the presence of a π-conjugated carbon framework within the ligands themselves coupled with the electron affinity of their pendant groups collectively play important roles in the resulting charge transfer from QDs to the underlying CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA.
| | - Jinkyu Han
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Sciences Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 480, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Bryan Sundahl
- Institute of Advanced Computational Science, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Scott Thornton
- Institute of Advanced Computational Science, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Ruiping Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Cherno Jaye
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20889, USA
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA.
| | - Zhuo-Qun Li
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA
| | - Gordon T Taylor
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA
| | - Daniel A Fischer
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20889, USA
| | - Joerg Appenzeller
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Robert J Harrison
- Institute of Advanced Computational Science, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA and Computational Science Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Stanislaus S Wong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA. and Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Sciences Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 480, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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22
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A Review of Double-Walled and Triple-Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthesis and Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6040109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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23
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Huang J, Han Q. Controllable nanoscale rotating actuator system based on carbon nanotube and graphene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:155501. [PMID: 26934619 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/15/155501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A controllable nanoscale rotating actuator system consisting of a double carbon nanotube and graphene driven by a temperature gradient is proposed, and its rotating dynamics performance and driving mechanism are investigated through molecular dynamics simulations. The outer tube exhibits stable pure rotation with certain orientation under temperature gradient and the steady rotational speed rises as the temperature gradient increases. It reveals that the driving torque is caused by the difference of atomic van der Waals potentials due to the temperature gradient and geometrical features of carbon nanotube. A theoretical model for driving torque is established based on lattice dynamics theory and its predicted results agree well with molecular dynamics simulations. Further discussion is taken according to the theoretical model. The work in this study would be a guide for design and application of controllable nanoscale rotating devices based on carbon nanotubes and graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhang Huang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510640, People's Republic of China
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie T. McTernan
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alina
L. Nussbaumer
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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25
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Chen H, Zhang L, Becton M, Nie H, Chen J, Wang X. Molecular dynamics study of a CNT-buckyball-enabled energy absorption system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:17311-21. [PMID: 26074446 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01969a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An energy absorption system (EAS) composed of a carbon nanotube (CNT) with nested buckyballs is put forward for energy dissipation during impact owing to the outstanding mechanical properties of both CNTs and buckyballs. Here we implement a series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the energy absorption capabilities of several different EASs based on a variety of design parameters. For example, the effects of impact energy, the number of nested buckyballs, and of the size of the buckyballs are analyzed to optimize the energy absorption capability of the EASs by tuning the relevant design parameters. Simulation results indicate that the energy absorption capability of the EAS is closely associated with the deformation characteristics of the confined buckyballs. A low impact energy leads to recoverable deformation of the buckyballs and the dissipated energy is mainly converted to thermal energy. However, a high impact energy yields non-recoverable deformation of buckyballs and thus the energy dissipation is dominated by the strain energy of the EAS. The simulation results also reveal that there exists an optimal value of the number of buckyballs for an EAS under a certain impact energy. Larger buckyballs are able to deform to a larger degree yet also need less impact energy to induce plastic deformation, therefore performing with a better overall energy absorption ability. Overall, the EAS in this study shows a remarkably high energy absorption density of 2 kJ g(-1), it is a promising candidate for mitigating impact energy and sheds light on the research of buckyball-filled CNTs for other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Chen
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016, China.
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26
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Chen W, Foster AS, Alava MJ, Laurson L. Stick-slip control in nanoscale boundary lubrication by surface wettability. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:095502. [PMID: 25793825 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.095502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We study the effect of atomic-scale surface-lubricant interactions on nanoscale boundary-lubricated friction by considering two example surfaces-hydrophilic mica and hydrophobic graphene-confining thin layers of water in molecular dynamics simulations. We observe stick-slip dynamics for thin water films confined by mica sheets, involving periodic breaking-reforming transitions of atomic-scale capillary water bridges formed around the potassium ions of mica. However, only smooth sliding without stick-slip events is observed for water confined by graphene, as well as for thicker water layers confined by mica. Thus, our results illustrate how atomic-scale details affect the wettability of the confining surfaces and consequently control the presence or absence of stick-slip dynamics in nanoscale friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, COMP Centre of Excellence, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Supercomputing Center of CAS, Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Adam S Foster
- Department of Applied Physics, COMP Centre of Excellence, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikko J Alava
- Department of Applied Physics, COMP Centre of Excellence, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lasse Laurson
- Department of Applied Physics, COMP Centre of Excellence, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
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27
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Cai K, Zhang X, Shi J, Qin QH. Temperature effects on a motion transmission device made from carbon nanotubes: a molecular dynamics study. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10470j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature effects on a motion transmission system made from coaxial carbon nanotubes ((5, 5) motor and (5, 5)/(10, 10)/(1, 15) converter) is studied. Changing the environmental temperature can induce mode conversion of the rotation of (5, 5) rotor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cai
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| | - Xiaoni Zhang
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| | - Jiao Shi
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| | - Qing-Hua Qin
- Research School of Engineering
- The Australian National University
- ACT
- Australia
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28
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Patel AM, Joshi AY. Detection of biological objects using dynamic characteristics of double-walled carbon nanotubes. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2014; 5:681-695. [PMID: 32226702 PMCID: PMC7097327 DOI: 10.1007/s13204-014-0364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study explores double-walled carbon nanotubes as the sensing devices for biological objects including viruses and bacteria. The biological objects studied include alanine with amino terminal residue, deoxyadenosine with free residue, Coronaviridae and Bartonella bacilliformis. An expression has been articulated to identify the mass of biological objects from the shift of frequency. Sensitivity of the sensor has been calculated when subjected to such biological objects. Molecular structural mechanics approach has been used for investigating the vibrational responses of zigzag and armchair double-walled carbon nanotube-based nano biosensors. The elastic properties of beam element are calculated by considering mechanical characteristics of covalent bonds between the carbon atoms in the hexagonal lattice. Spring elements are used to describe the interlayer interactions between the inner and outer tubes caused due to the van der Waals forces. The mass of each beam element is assumed as point mass at nodes coinciding with carbon atoms at inner and outer wall of DWCNT. Based on the sensitivity and the frequency shift it can be concluded that cantilever zigzag DWCNTs are better candidates for detecting the biological objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay M. Patel
- Mechanical Engineering Department, CHARUSAT University, Changa, Gujarat India
| | - Anand Y. Joshi
- Mechatronics Engineering Department, G.H. Patel College of Engineering & Technology, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat India
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29
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Moore KE, Pfohl M, Hennrich F, Chakradhanula VSK, Kuebel C, Kappes MM, Shapter JG, Krupke R, Flavel BS. Separation of double-walled carbon nanotubes by size exclusion column chromatography. ACS NANO 2014; 8:6756-64. [PMID: 24896840 DOI: 10.1021/nn500756a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this report we demonstrate the separation of raw carbon nanotube material into fractions of double-walled (DWCNTs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Our method utilizes size exclusion chromatography with Sephacryl gel S-200 and yielded two distinct fractions of single- and double-walled nanotubes with average diameters of 0.93 ± 0.03 and 1.64 ± 0.15 nm, respectively. The presented technique is easily scalable and offers an alternative to traditional density gradient ultracentrifugation methods. CNT fractions were characterized by atomic force microscopy and Raman and absorption spectroscopy as well as transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Moore
- Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University , 5000, Adelaide, Australia
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30
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Nascimento LF, Matsubara EY, Donate PM, Rosolen JM. Catalytic behavior of ruthenium anchored on micronanostructured composite in selective benzyl alcohol oxidation. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-013-0605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Liu K, Hong X, Wu M, Xiao F, Wang W, Bai X, Ager JW, Aloni S, Zettl A, Wang E, Wang F. Quantum-coupled radial-breathing oscillations in double-walled carbon nanotubes. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1375. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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32
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Popov AM, Lebedeva IV, Knizhnik AA, Lozovik YE, Potapkin BV. Ab initio study of edge effect on relative motion of walls in carbon nanotubes. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:024703. [PMID: 23320709 DOI: 10.1063/1.4774083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey M Popov
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Science, Fizicheskaya Street 5, Troitsk, Moscow Region 142190, Russia.
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33
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Isobe H, Hitosugi S, Yamasaki T, Iizuka R. Molecular bearings of finite carbon nanotubes and fullerenes in ensemble rolling motion. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc22181d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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34
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Hu GJ, Cao BY. Molecular dynamics simulations of heat conduction in multi-walled carbon nanotubes. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2012.655731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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Kowalczyk P. Molecular insight into the high selectivity of double-walled carbon nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:2784-90. [PMID: 22258318 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23445a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Combining experimental knowledge with molecular simulations, we investigated the adsorption and separation properties of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) against flue/synthetic gas mixture components (e.g. CO(2), CO, N(2), H(2), O(2), and CH(4)) at 300 K. Except molecular H(2), all studied nonpolar adsorbates assemble into single-file chain structures inside DWNTs at operating pressures below 1 MPa. Molecular wires of adsorbed molecules are stabilized by the strong solid-fluid potential generated from the cylindrical carbon walls. CO(2) assembly is formed at very low operating pressures in comparison to all other studied nonpolar adsorbates. The adsorption lock-and-key mechanism results from perfect fitting of rod-shaped CO(2) molecules into the cylindrical carbon pores. The enthalpy of CO(2) adsorption in DWNTs is very high and reaches 50 kJ mol(-1) at 300 K and low pore concentrations. In contrast, adsorption enthalpy at zero coverage is significantly lower for all other studied nonpolar adsorbates, for instance: 35 kJ mol(-1) for CH(4), and 14 kJ mol(-1) for H(2). Applying the ideal adsorption solution theory, we predicted that the internal pores of DWNTs have unusual ability to differentiate CO(2) molecules from other flue/synthetic gas mixture components (e.g. CO, N(2), H(2), O(2), and CH(4)) at ambient operating conditions. Computed equilibrium selectivity for equimolar CO(2)-X binary mixtures (where X: CO, N(2), H(2), O(2), and CH(4)) is very high at low mixture pressures. With an increase in binary mixture pressure, we predicted a decrease in equilibrium separation factor because of the competitive adsorption of the X binary mixture component. We showed that at 300 K and equimolar mixture pressures up to 1 MPa, the CO(2)-X equilibrium separation factor is higher than 10 for all studied binary mixtures, indicating strong preference for CO(2) adsorption. The overall selective properties of DWNTs seem to be superior, which may be beneficial for potential industrial applications of these novel carbon nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kowalczyk
- Nanochemistry Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University of Technology, P.O. Box U1987, Perth, 6845 Western Australia, Australia.
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36
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Pogorelov EG, Zhbanov AI, Chang YC, Yang S. Universal curves for the van der Waals interaction between single-walled carbon nanotubes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:1276-1282. [PMID: 22129302 DOI: 10.1021/la203776x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report very simple and accurate algebraic expressions for the van der Waals (VDW) potentials and the forces between two parallel and crossed carbon nanotubes. The Lennard-Jones potential for two carbon atoms and the method of the smeared-out approximation suggested by Girifalco were used. It is found that the interaction between parallel and crossed tubes is described by two universal curves for parallel and crossed configurations that do not depend on the van der Waals constants, the angle between tubes, and the surface density of atoms and their nature but only on the dimensionless distance. The explicit functions for equilibrium VDW distances, well depths, and maximal attractive forces have been given. These results may be used as a guide for the analysis of experimental data to investigate the interaction between nanotubes of various natures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny G Pogorelov
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Zhu C, Shenai PM, Zhao Y. Investigation of the effects of commensurability on friction between concentric carbon nanotubes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:015702. [PMID: 22156240 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/1/015702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
That a commensurate contact usually leads to greater friction than an incommensurate one is a commonly held view in nanotribology. However, this perception seems paradoxical as commensurability is found to have negligible effect on the energy dissipation in double-walled carbon nanotube (DWNT) based oscillators. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate such a paradox from the viewpoint of the atomic origin of friction. It is revealed that the commensurability cannot have a pronounced effect on friction unless the intertube interaction strength and the energy corrugation exceed their critical values. Both the commensurate and incommensurate oscillators constructed from natural DWNTs with an intertube distance of about 3.4 Å, may thus exhibit similar performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhang Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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38
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Lei XW, Ni QQ, Shi JX, Natsuki T. Radial breathing mode of carbon nanotubes subjected to axial pressure. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:492. [PMID: 21834961 PMCID: PMC3212007 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a theoretical analysis of the radial breathing mode (RBM) of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) subjected to axial pressure is presented based on an elastic continuum model. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are described as an individual elastic shell and double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) are considered to be two shells coupled through the van der Waals force. The effects of axial pressure, wave numbers and nanotube diameter on the RBM frequency are investigated in detail. The validity of these theoretical results is confirmed through the comparison of the experiment, calculation and simulation. Our results show that the RBM frequency is linearly dependent on the axial pressure and is affected by the wave numbers. We concluded that RBM frequency can be used to characterize the axial pressure acting on both ends of a CNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Lei
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science & Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan
| | - Qing-Qing Ni
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- Department of Functional Machinery & Mechanics, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan
| | - Jin-Xing Shi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science & Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Natsuki
- Department of Functional Machinery & Mechanics, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan
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39
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Shibuta Y, Elliott JA. Interaction between two graphene sheets with a turbostratic orientational relationship. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Vilatela JJ, Elliott JA, Windle AH. A model for the strength of yarn-like carbon nanotube fibers. ACS NANO 2011; 5:1921-1927. [PMID: 21348503 DOI: 10.1021/nn102925a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A model for the strength of pure carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers is derived and parametrized using experimental data and computational simulations. The model points to the parameters of the subunits that must be optimized in order to produce improvements in the strength of the macroscopic CNT fiber, primarily nanotube length and shear strength between CNTs. Fractography analysis of the CNT fibers reveals a fibrous fracture surface and indicates that fiber strength originates from resistance to nanotube pull-out and is thus proportional to the nanotube-nanotube interface contact area and shear strength. The contact area between adjacent nanotubes is determined by their degree of polygonization or collapse, which in turn depends on their diameter and number of layers. We show that larger diameter tubes with fewer walls have a greater degree of contact, as determined by continuum elasticity theory, molecular mechanics, and image analysis of transmission electron micrographs. According to our model, the axial stress in the CNTs is built up by stress transfer between adjacent CNTs through shear and is thus proportional to CNT length, as supported by data in the literature for CNT fibers produced by different methods and research groups. Our CNT fibers have a yarn-like structure in that rather than being solid, they are made of a network of filament subunits. Indeed, the model is consistent with those developed for conventional yarn-like fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Vilatela
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom
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41
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Liu P, Zhang Y. Translational dynamic friction analysis of double-walled carbon nanotubes. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2010.517530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Zhao J, Huang JQ, Wei F, Zhu J. Mass transportation mechanism in electric-biased carbon nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:4309-4315. [PMID: 20957981 DOI: 10.1021/nl1008713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The mass transportation mechanism in electric-biased carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is investigated experimentally. Except for the widely accepted electromigration mechanism, we find out the thermal effect can also induce the mass transportation in the form of thermomigration or thermal evaporation. Moreover, the convincing in situ transmission electron microscope experiment results show the thermal gradient force overrides the electromigration force in most conditions, according to specific parameters of the CNTs and "cargos". A full analysis on the thermal gradient force and electromigration force imposed on the cargos is given, thus our experimental results are well explained and understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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43
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Zhbanov AI, Pogorelov EG, Chang YC. Van der Waals interaction between two crossed carbon nanotubes. ACS NANO 2010; 4:5937-5945. [PMID: 20863127 DOI: 10.1021/nn100731u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The analytical expressions for the van der Waals potential energy and force between two crossed carbon nanotubes are presented. The Lennard-Jones potential between pairs of carbon atoms and the smeared-out approximation suggested by L. A. Girifalco (J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 858) were used. The exact formula is expressed in terms of rational and elliptical functions. The potential and force for carbon nanotubes were calculated. The uniform potential curves for single- and multiwall nanotubes were plotted. The equilibrium distance, maximal attractive force, and potential energy have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Zhbanov
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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44
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Abstract
This paper reports an investigation on the vibration of an individual multilayered graphene sheet with initial stress, based on an elastic plate model and membrane model with simply supported ends, considering the van der Waals force interaction between all layers of graphene sheets. The effect of initial stress is more obviously with an increase of half wave numbers m and n. This investigation indicates that the stiffness D, effected by thickness choose, plays a dominant role in the lowest natural frequencies, and much weaker role in high order natural frequencies. The influence of the stiffness is more significant for all natural frequencies with an increase of half wave numbers m and n. The lowest natural frequency of a multilayered graphene sheet for a given combination of m and n is independent of the van der Waals interaction but all of the other higher natural frequencies are significantly dependent on this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures and College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 210016 Nanjing, China; Department of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoqiao He
- Department of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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45
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Rurali R, Hernández E. Thermally induced directed motion of fullerene clusters encapsulated in carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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46
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Vardanega D, Picaud F, Girardet C. Chiral interaction in double-wall carbon nanotubes: Simple rules deduced from a large sampling of tubes. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:124704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3366688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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47
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Su F, Lu C, Hu S. Adsorption of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and p-xylene by NaOCl-oxidized carbon nanotubes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Subramanian A, Dong LX, Nelson BJ. Stability and analysis of configuration-tunable bi-directional MWNT bearings. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:495704. [PMID: 19904022 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/49/495704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on the energetic and structural stability of configuration-tunable, bi-directional linear bearings based on cap-less, partial segments engineered within individual multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). Using computational models, we show that an externally applied excitation force can be used to select an operating bearing configuration with a desired stiffness and operating frequency. Our models also demonstrate the possibility of simultaneous, independent operation of multiple bearings within a single NT segment, paving the way towards ultra-high device densities with molecular-scale footprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Subramanian
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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49
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Hou QW, Cao BY, Guo ZY. Thermal gradient induced actuation in double-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:495503. [PMID: 19893145 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/49/495503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations are applied to investigate the thermal gradient induced actuation in double-walled carbon nanotubes, where a temperature difference can actuate the relative motion of double-walled carbon nanotubes. The thermal driving force calculated through a stationary scheme is on the order of pico Newtons for a 1 K nm(-1) temperature gradient. The driving force is approximately proportional to the temperature gradient, but not sensitive to the system temperature. For the outer tube longer than 5 nm, the thermal driving force is nearly constant. For the outer tube shorter than 5 nm, however, the driving force decreases with decreasing tube length. The motion trace is found to depend on both the chirality pair and system temperature. A critical temperature can be defined by the potential barrier perpendicular to the minimum energy track of potential patterns. When the system temperature is higher than the critical temperature, the motion shows random behavior. When the system temperature is lower than the critical temperature, the motion, translational and/or rotational, is confined within the minimum energy track, which is indicative of the feasibility of directional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Wen Hou
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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50
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Fabrication of double-walled carbon nanotube counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar sells. J Solid State Electrochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-009-0982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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