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Wei J, Liang Q, Guo Y, Zhang W, Wu L. A Deep Insight in the Antioxidant Property of Carnosic Acid: From Computational Study to Experimental Analysis. Foods 2021; 10:2279. [PMID: 34681327 PMCID: PMC8534978 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the deep cause for the anti-oxidation of carnosic acid (CA) against oleic acid (OA) remains unclear, we focused on exploring the CA inhibition mechanism via a combined experimental and computational study. Atomic charge, total molecular energy, phenolic hydroxyl bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), and the lowest unoccupied orbital (LUMO) energy were first discussed by the B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) level, a density functional method. A one-step hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) was proposed for the anti-oxidation of CA towards OA, and the Rancimat method was carried out for analyzing the thermal oxidation stability. The results indicate that the two phenolic hydroxyl groups located at C7(O15) and C8(O18) of CA exert the highest activity, and the chemical reaction heat is minimal when HAT occurs. Consequently, the activity of C7(O15) (303.27 kJ/mol) is slightly lower than that of C8(O18) (295.63 kJ/mol), while the dissociation enthalpy of phenol hydroxyl groups is much lower than those of α-CH2 bond of OA (C8, 353.92 kJ/mol; C11, 353.72 kJ/mol). Rancimat method and non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrate that CA outcompetes tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), a synthetic food grade antioxidant, both in prolonging the oxidation induction period and reducing the reaction rate of OA. The Ea (apparent activation energies of reaction) of OA, TBHQ + OA, and CA + OA were 50.59, 57.32 and 66.29 kJ/mol, revealing that CA could improve the Ea and thermal oxidation stability of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources (Ministry of Education), College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China; (J.W.); (Q.L.); (Y.G.); (L.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan Institute for Food Control, 285 Nanhai Road, Haikou 570314, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources (Ministry of Education), College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China; (J.W.); (Q.L.); (Y.G.); (L.W.)
| | - Yuxin Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources (Ministry of Education), College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China; (J.W.); (Q.L.); (Y.G.); (L.W.)
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources (Ministry of Education), College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China; (J.W.); (Q.L.); (Y.G.); (L.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan Institute for Food Control, 285 Nanhai Road, Haikou 570314, China
| | - Long Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources (Ministry of Education), College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China; (J.W.); (Q.L.); (Y.G.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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Zhu G, Zhang G. Benzoate Ester Functionalized Phenylenediamine Derivatives: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Optical Properties. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanxing Zhu
- Jiangsu Co–Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest ProductsCollege of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry University Longpan Road 159 Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Jiangsu Co–Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest ProductsCollege of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry University Longpan Road 159 Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
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Gao F, Zhong X, Wang Q, Li H, Zhang S. Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer of New Diphenyl- ethylene Derivatives Bearing Imino Group: A Combination of Experimental and Theoretical Investigation. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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4
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Wang Q, Gao F, Li H, Zhang S. Photoinduced Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer of New Schiff Base Derivatives with Extended Conjugated Chromophores: A Comprehensive Theoretical Survey. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Liang YH, Yi PG, Peng HL. Theoretical study of structure, energetic and intramolecular hydrogen transfer of hypocrellin A. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Krishnamoorthy G, Webb SP, Nguyen T, Chowdhury PK, Halder M, Wills NJ, Carpenter S, Kraus GA, Gordon MS, Petrich JW. Synthesis of Hydroxy and Methoxy Perylene Quinones, Their Spectroscopic and Computational Characterization, and Their Antiviral Activity¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2005.tb01464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Crystal structure and photoisomerism of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzal-5-pyrazolone 4-butylthiosemicarbazone in solid state. Struct Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-006-9121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The photophysics and photochemistry of nalidixic acid (NA) were studied as function of pH and solvent properties. The ground state of NA exhibits different protonated forms in the range of pH 1.8-10.0. Fluorescence studies showed that the same species exist at the lowest singlet excited state. Absorption experiments were carried out with NA and with the methylated analog of nalidixic acid (MNE) in different organic solvents and water pH 3, where the main species corresponds to that protonated at the carboxylic group. These studies and the DFT calculation of torsional potential energy profiles suggest that the most stable conformation of the NA in nonprotic solvents corresponds to a closed structure caused by the existence of intramolecular hydrogen bond. Absorption and fluorescence spectra were studied in sulfuric acid solution. The pK value (Ho -1.0) found in these conditions was attributed to the protonation of the 4' keto oxygen atom of the heterocyclic ring. Theoretical calculations (DFT/B3LYP/6-311G*) of the energies of the different monoprotonated forms of the NA and Fukui indexes (f(x)-) showed that the species with the proton attached to 4' keto oxygen atom is the most stable of all the cationic forms. MNE and enoxacin also showed the protonation of the 4' keto oxygen atom with similar pK values. The photodecomposition of NA is dependent on the medium properties. Faster decomposition rates were obtained in strong acid solution. In nonprotic solvents, a very slow decomposition rate was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pavez
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Webb SP. Ab initio electronic structure theory as an aid to understanding excited state hydrogen transfer in moderate to large systems. Theor Chem Acc 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-005-0011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chen D, Shen L. Theoretical study on the photophysical and photochemical characteristics of aluminum ion-complexed perylenequinone. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chen DZ, Wang DP, Kong DX, Zhang X. Quantum study on photophysical and photochemical process of a new photosensitizer: hypomycin B. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Krishnamoorthy G, Webb SP, Nguyen T, Chowdhury PK, Halder M, Wills NJ, Carpenter S, Kraus GA, Gordon MS, Petrich JW. Synthesis of Hydroxy and Methoxy Perylene Quinones, Their Spectroscopic and Computational Characterization, and Their Antiviral Activity¶. Photochem Photobiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1562/2004-11-23-ra-378r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kong L, Indira Priyadarsini K, Zhang HY. A theoretical investigation on intramolecular hydrogen-atom transfer in curcumin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2004.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wang DP, Chen SG, Chen DZ. Theoretical studies of conjugate and substituent effects on the intramolecular proton transfer: an HF/CIS study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(03)00382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shen YX, Wang XL, Liu WZ, Zhang HY. An exploratory theoretical investigation on intramolecular proton transfer in a novel perylenequinonoid pigment-hypomycin A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2003.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang DP, Chen SG, Chen DZ. Theoretical study on the trihydroxy-anthraquinone tautomerism in the ground and excited states. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(03)00529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chowdhury P, Das K, Datta A, Liu WZ, Zhang HY, Petrich J. A comparison of the excited-state processes of nearly symmetrical perylene quinones: hypocrellin A and hypomycin B. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(02)00309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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