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Hong Q, Bartolomei M, Coletti C, Lombardi A, Sun Q, Pirani F. Vibrational Energy Transfer in CO+N 2 Collisions: A Database for V-V and V-T/R Quantum-Classical Rate Coefficients. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237152. [PMID: 34885730 PMCID: PMC8659027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of energy exchange rate constants in inelastic collisions is critically required for accurate characterization and simulation of several processes in gaseous environments, including planetary atmospheres, plasma, combustion, etc. Determination of these rate constants requires accurate potential energy surfaces (PESs) that describe in detail the full interaction region space and the use of collision dynamics methods capable of including the most relevant quantum effects. In this work, we produce an extensive collection of vibration-to-vibration (V-V) and vibration-to-translation/rotation (V-T/R) energy transfer rate coefficients for collisions between CO and N2 molecules using a mixed quantum-classical method and a recently introduced (A. Lombardi, F. Pirani, M. Bartolomei, C. Coletti, and A. Laganà, Frontiers in chemistry, 7, 309 (2019)) analytical PES, critically revised to improve its performance against ab initio and experimental data of different sources. The present database gives a good agreement with available experimental values of V-V rate coefficients and covers an unprecedented number of transitions and a wide range of temperatures. Furthermore, this is the first database of V-T/R rate coefficients for the title collisions. These processes are shown to often be the most probable ones at high temperatures and/or for highly excited molecules, such conditions being relevant in the modeling of hypersonic flows, plasma, and aerospace applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhen Hong
- State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Q.H.); (Q.S.)
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Cecilia Coletti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università G. d’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, I-06183 Perugia, Italy; (A.L.); (F.P.)
| | - Quanhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Q.H.); (Q.S.)
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fernando Pirani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, I-06183 Perugia, Italy; (A.L.); (F.P.)
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Four Isotope-Labeled Recombination Pathways of Ozone Formation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051289. [PMID: 33673557 PMCID: PMC7956848 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A theoretical approach is developed for the description of all possible recombination pathways in the ozone forming reaction, without neglecting any process a priori, and without decoupling the individual pathways one from another. These pathways become physically distinct when a rare isotope of oxygen is introduced, such as 18O, which represents a sensitive probe of the ozone forming reaction. Each isotopologue of O3 contains two types of physically distinct entrance channels and two types of physically distinct product wells, creating four recombination pathways. Calculations are done for singly and doubly substituted isotopologues of ozone, eight rate coefficients total. Two pathways for the formation of asymmetric ozone isotopomer exhibit rather different rate coefficients, indicating large isotope effect driven by ΔZPE-difference. Rate coefficient for the formation of symmetric isotopomer of ozone (third pathway) is found to be in between of those two, while the rate of insertion pathway is smaller by two orders of magnitude. These trends are in good agreement with experiments, for both singly and doubly substituted ozone. The total formation rates for asymmetric isotopomers are found to be somewhat larger than those for symmetric isotopomers, but not as much as in the experiment. Overall, the distribution of lifetimes is found to be very similar for the metastable states in symmetric and asymmetric ozone isotopomers.
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Hong Q, Sun Q, Pirani F, Valentín-Rodríguez MA, Hernández-Lamoneda R, Coletti C, Hernández MI, Bartolomei M. Energy exchange rate coefficients from vibrational inelastic O 2(Σg-3) + O 2(Σg-3) collisions on a new spin-averaged potential energy surface. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:064304. [PMID: 33588556 DOI: 10.1063/5.0041244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A new spin-averaged potential energy surface (PES) for non-reactive O2(Σg-3) + O2(Σg-3) collisions is presented. The potential is formulated analytically according to the nature of the principal interaction components, with the main van der Waals contribution described through the improved Lennard-Jones model. All the parameters involved in the formulation, having a physical meaning, have been modulated in restricted variation ranges, exploiting a combined analysis of experimental and ab initio reference data. The new PES is shown to be able to reproduce a wealth of different physical properties, ranging from the second virial coefficients to transport properties (shear viscosity and thermal conductivity) and rate coefficients for inelastic scattering collisions. Rate coefficients for the vibrational inelastic processes of O2, including both vibration-to-vibration (V-V) and vibration-to-translation/rotation (V-T/R) energy exchanges, were then calculated on this PES using a mixed quantum-classical method. The effective formulation of the potential and its combination with an efficient, yet accurate, nuclear dynamics treatment allowed for the determination of a large database of V-V and V-T/R energy transfer rate coefficients in a wide temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhen Hong
- State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Quanhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Fernando Pirani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto, 8 - 06183 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mónica A Valentín-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ramón Hernández-Lamoneda
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Coletti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta I Hernández
- Instituto de Física Fundamental - CSIC, C/Serrano 123, Madrid, Spain
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Cotterell MI, Szpek K, Tiddeman DA, Haywood JM, Langridge JM. Photoacoustic studies of energy transfer from ozone photoproducts to bath gases following Chappuis band photoexcitation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:536-553. [PMID: 33325473 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05056c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a sensitive technique for the detection of trace gases and aerosols and measurements of their absorption coefficients. The accuracy of such measurements is often governed by the fidelity of the PAS instrument calibration. Gas samples laden with O3 of a known or independently measured absorption coefficient are a convenient and commonplace route to calibration of PAS instruments operating at visible wavelengths (λ), yet the accuracy of such calibrations remains unclear. Importantly, the photoacoustic detection of O3 in the Chappuis band (λ ∼ 400-700 nm) depends strongly on the timescales for energy transfer from the nascent photoproducts O(3P) and O2(X, v > 0) to translational motion of bath gas species. Significant uncertainties remain concerning the dependence of these timescales on both the sample pressure and the bath gas composition. Here, we demonstrate accurate characterisation of microphone response function dependencies on pressure using a speaker transducer to excite resonant acoustic modes of our photoacoustic cells. These corrections enable measurements of photoacoustic response amplitudes (also referred to as PAS sensitivities) and phase shifts with variation in static pressure and bath gas composition, at discrete visible wavelengths spanning the Chappuis band. We develop and fit a photochemical relaxation model to these measurements to retrieve the associated variations in the aforementioned relaxation timescales for O(3P) and O2(X, v > 0). These timescales enable a full assessment of the accuracy of PAS calibrations using O3-laden gas samples, dependent on the sample pressure, bath gas composition and PAS laser modulation frequency.
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Potential energy surface of interaction of two diatomic molecules for air flows simulation at intermediate temperatures. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.110850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Model of Daytime Oxygen Emissions in the Mesopause Region and Above: A Review and New Results. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric emissions of atomic and molecular oxygen have been observed since the middle of 19th century. In the last decades, it has been shown that emissions of excited oxygen atom O(1D) and molecular oxygen in electronically–vibrationally excited states O2(b1Σ+g, v) and O2(a1Δg, v) are related by a unified photochemical mechanism in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). The current paper consists of two parts: a review of studies related to the development of the model of ozone and molecular oxygen photodissociation in the daytime MLT and new results. In particular, the paper includes a detailed description of formation mechanism for excited oxygen components in the daytime MLT and presents comparison of widely used photochemical models. The paper also demonstrates new results such as new suggestions about possible products for collisional reactions of electronically–vibrationally excited oxygen molecules with atomic oxygen and new estimations of O2(b1Σ+g, v = 0–10) radiative lifetimes which are necessary for solving inverse problems in the lower thermosphere. Moreover, special attention is given to the “Barth’s mechanism” in order to demonstrate that for different sets of fitting coefficients its contribution to O2(b1Σ+g, v) and O2(a1Δg, v) population is neglectable in daytime conditions. In addition to the review and new results, possible applications of the daytime oxygen emissions are presented, e.g., the altitude profiles O(3P), O3 and CO2 can be retrieved by solving inverse photochemical problems when emissions from electronically vibrationally excited states of O2 molecule are used as proxies.
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Lombardi A, Pirani F, Bartolomei M, Coletti C, Laganà A. Full Dimensional Potential Energy Function and Calculation of State-Specific Properties of the CO+N 2 Inelastic Processes Within an Open Molecular Science Cloud Perspective. Front Chem 2019; 7:309. [PMID: 31192186 PMCID: PMC6540877 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A full dimensional Potential Energy Surface (PES) of the CO + N2 system has been generated by extending an approach already reported in the literature and applied to N2-N2 (Cappelletti et al., 2008), CO2-CO2 (Bartolomei et al., 2012), and CO2-N2 (Lombardi et al., 2016b) systems. The generation procedure leverages at the same time experimental measurements and high-level ab initio electronic structure calculations. The procedure adopts an analytic formulation of the PES accounting for the dependence of the electrostatic and non-electrostatic components of the intermolecular interaction on the deformation of the monomers. In particular, the CO and N2 molecular multipole moments and electronic polarizabilities, the basic physical properties controlling the behavior at intermediate and long-range distances of the interaction components, were made to depend on relevant internal coordinates. The formulated PES exhibits substantial advantages when used for structural and dynamical calculations. This makes it also well suited for reuse in Open Molecular Science Cloud services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fernando Pirani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bartolomei
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Coletti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Laganà
- Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2, Perugia, Italy.,CNR ISTM-UOS Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Master-UP srl, Perugia, Italy
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Slanger TG, Hwang ES, Bartlett NCM, Kalogerakis KS. Laboratory Studies of Vibrational Excitation in O 2( a 1Δ g, v) Involving O 2, N 2, and CO 2. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8114-8125. [PMID: 30299092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Collisional removal of electronic energy from O2 in the low-lying a1Δg state is typically an extremely slow process for the v = 0 level. In this study, we report results on the deactivation of O2( a1Δg, v = 1-3) in collisions with O2 and CO2. Ozone photodissociation in the 200-310 nm Hartley band is the source of O2( a, v), and resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization is used to probe the vibrational-level populations. Deactivation of the a( v = 1-3) levels in collisions with O2 at 300 K is fast, with rate coefficients of (5.6 ± 1.1) × 10-11, (3.6 ± 0.4) × 10-11, and (1.9 ± 0.4) × 10-11 cm3 s-1 (2σ) for v = 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The relaxation process appears to involve a near-resonant electronic energy transfer pathway analogous to that observed in vibrationally excited O2( b1Σg+). With CO2 collider gas, the removal rate coefficient at 300 K is (1.8 ± 0.4) × 10-14 and (4.4 ± 0.6) × 10-14 cm3 s-1 (2σ) for v = 1 and 2, respectively. Despite the small mole fraction of O2 in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus, O2 is at least as important as CO2 in the final stages of collisional relaxation within the O2 vibrational-level manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom G Slanger
- Center for Geospace Studies , SRI International , Menlo Park , California , United States
| | - Eunsook S Hwang
- Center for Geospace Studies , SRI International , Menlo Park , California , United States
| | - Nate C-M Bartlett
- Center for Geospace Studies , SRI International , Menlo Park , California , United States
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Andrienko DA, Boyd ID. Vibrational energy transfer and dissociation in O 2-N 2 collisions at hyperthermal temperatures. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:084309. [PMID: 29495757 DOI: 10.1063/1.5007069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simulation of vibrational energy transfer and dissociation in O2-N2 collisions is conducted using the quasi-classical trajectory method on an ab initio potential energy surface. Vibrationally resolved rate coefficients are obtained in a high-temperature region between 8000 and 20 000 K by means of the cost-efficient classical trajectory propagation method. A system of master equations is constructed using the new dataset in order to simulate thermal and chemical nonequilibrium observed in shock flows. The O2 relaxation time derived from a solution of the master equations is in good agreement with the Millikan and White correlation at lower temperatures with an increasing discrepancy toward the translational temperature of 20 000 K. At the same time, the N2 master equation relaxation time is similar to that derived under the assumption of a two-state system. The effect of vibrational-vibrational energy transfer appears to be crucial for N2 relaxation and dissociation. Thermal equilibrium and quasi-steady state dissociation rate coefficients in O2-N2 heat bath are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil A Andrienko
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, 1320 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, USA
| | - Iain D Boyd
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, 1320 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, USA
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Torbin A, Pershin A, Mebel A, Zagidullin M, Heaven M, Azyazov V. Collisional relaxation of O2(a1Δ, υ = 1, 2, 3) by CO2. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Andrienko DA, Boyd ID. State-specific dissociation in O2–O2 collisions by quasiclassical trajectory method. Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Watanabe S, Kohguchi H, Yamasaki K. Vibrational relaxation of O2(X3Σ(-)g, v = 6-8) by collisions with O2(X3Σ(-)g, v = 0): solution of the problems in the integrated profiles method. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:7791-6. [PMID: 22747342 DOI: 10.1021/jp305241e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The linear kinetic analysis called the integrated profiles method (IPM) makes it simple to analyze the multistep relaxation processes of vibrational manifold. The problem that plots for linear regression in the IPM analysis cannot be made, however, has been found in the study of self relaxation of O2(X3Σ(-)g, v = 6-8). The cause of the problem is the identical time-dependence of the populations of the adjacent vibrational levels. An addition of CF4 into the system made a difference in the time profiles and enabled us to make IPM analysis and determine the rate coefficients. In the experiments, a gaseous mixture of O3/O2/CF4 in an Ar carrier at 298 K was irradiated at 266 nm, and the direct photoproduct O2(X3Σ(-)g, v = 6-9) from O3 was detected by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF)in the B3Σu-X3Σ(-)g transition. Time-resolved LIF intensities of O2(X3Σ(-)g, v) at various pressures of O2 and fixed pressure of CF4 were recorded. The resulting rate coefficients for v = 6−8 correlate smoothly with those for v ≤ 5 and v ≥ 8 reported previously.The vibrational-level dependence (v = 2-13) of the rate coefficients for relaxation of O2(X3Σ(-)g, v) by O2 is accounted for by the balance between the harmonic transition probabilities and the energy defect in the V-V energy-transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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Lino da Silva M, Loureiro J, Guerra V. A multiquantum dataset for vibrational excitation and dissociation in high-temperature O2–O2 collisions. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Pejaković DA, Campbell Z, Kalogerakis KS, Copeland RA, Slanger TG. Collisional relaxation of O2(X3Σg(-), υ = 1) and O2(a1Δg, υ = 1) by atmospherically relevant species. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:094309. [PMID: 21913765 DOI: 10.1063/1.3624378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory measurements are reported of the rate coefficient for collisional removal of O(2)(X(3)Σ(g)(-), υ = 1) by O((3)P), and the rate coefficients for removal of O(2)(a(1)Δ(g), υ = 1) by O(2), CO(2), and O((3)P). A two-laser method is employed, in which the pulsed output of the first laser at 285 nm photolyzes ozone to produce oxygen atoms and O(2)(a(1)Δ(g), υ = 1), and the output of the second laser detects O(2)(a(1)Δ(g), υ = 1) via resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization. The kinetics of O(2)(X(3)Σ(g)(-), υ = 1) + O((3)P) relaxation is inferred from the temporal evolution of O(2)(a(1)Δ(g), υ = 1), an approach enabled by the rapid collision-induced equilibration of the O(2)(X(3)Σ(g)(-), υ = 1) and O(2)(a(1)Δ(g), υ = 1) populations in the system. The measured O(2)(X(3)Σ(g)(-), υ = 1) + O((3)P) rate coefficient is (2.9 ± 0.6) × 10(-12) cm(3) s(-1) at 295 K and (3.4 ± 0.6) × 10(-12) cm(3) s(-1) at 240 K. These values are consistent with the previously reported result of (3.2 ± 1.0) × 10(-12) cm(3) s(-1), which was obtained at 315 K using a different experimental approach [K. S. Kalogerakis, R. A. Copeland, and T. G. Slanger, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 194303 (2005)]. For removal of O(2)(a(1)Δ(g), υ = 1) by O((3)P), the upper limits for the rate coefficient are 4 × 10(-13) cm(3) s(-1) at 295 K and 6 × 10(-13) cm(3) s(-1) at 240 K. The rate coefficient for removal of O(2)(a(1)Δ(g), υ = 1) by O(2) is (5.6 ± 0.6) × 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1) at 295 K and (5.9 ± 0.5) × 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1) at 240 K. The O(2)(a(1)Δ(g), υ = 1) + CO(2) rate coefficient is (1.5 ± 0.2) × 10(-14) cm(3) s(-1) at 295 K and (1.2 ± 0.1) × 10(-14) cm(3) s(-1) at 240 K. The implications of the measured rate coefficients for modeling of atmospheric emissions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan A Pejaković
- Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
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Hama T, Yokoyama M, Yabushita A, Kawasaki M. Role of OH radicals in the formation of oxygen molecules following vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation of amorphous solid water. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:104504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3474999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Loukhovitski B, Starik A. Modeling of vibration–electronic–chemistry coupling in the atomic–molecular oxygen system. Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sharma RD, Welsh JA. Vibrational energy transfer in O2(v = 2-8)-O2(v = 0) collisions. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:194306. [PMID: 19466835 DOI: 10.1063/1.3132588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting with multipolar-multipolar interaction for intermolecular potential we have carried out a calculation of rate coefficients for transfer of one quantum of vibrational energy upon impact of O(2)(2 < or = v < or = 8) with O(2)(v = 0) as a function of temperature (150 K < or = T < or = 450 K). The equations for energy transfer, in the second order of perturbation theory, mediated by isotropic and anisotropic dispersion interactions, are derived. None of the parameters appearing in the calculation were adjusted to obtain agreement with the experimentally measured rate coefficients. The results of the calculation are compared with experimentally measured room temperature rate coefficients of the disappearance of O(2)(v) upon collision with O(2)(v = 0). The agreement is found to be good for the disappearance of O(2)(v = 3) and O(2)(v = 5). For O(2)(v = 2) the calculation gives a larger rate coefficient than the measured value, while for O(2)(v = 4) it gives a smaller value than obtained by measurement. For O(2)(v = 8) it agrees with one measurement and gives a value smaller than another measurement and a calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh D Sharma
- Space Vehicles Directorate (RVBX), Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010, USA.
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Azyazov VN, Pichugin SY, Heaven MC. On the dissociation of I2 by O2(a1Delta): Pathways involving the excited species I2(A'3Pi2u,A3Pi(1u)), I2(X1sigma,upsilon), and O2(a1Delta,upsilon). J Chem Phys 2009; 130:104306. [PMID: 19292533 DOI: 10.1063/1.3081454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetic studies were carried out to explore the role of the excited species I(2)(A(') (3)Pi(2u),A (3)Pi(1u)), I(2)(X (1) summation operator,upsilon), and O(2)(a (1)Delta,upsilon) in the dissociation of I(2) by singlet oxygen. A flow tube apparatus that utilized a chemical singlet oxygen generator was used to measure the I(2) dissociation rate in O(2)(a (1)Delta)/I(2) mixtures. Vibrationally excited I(2)(X) is thought to be a significant intermediate in the dissociation process. Excitation probabilities (gamma(upsilon)) for population of the upsilonth I(2)(X) vibrational level in the reaction I(2)(X)+I((2)P(1/2))-->I(2)(X,upsilon>10)+I((2)P(3/2)) were estimated based on a comparison of calculated populations with experimentally determined values. Satisfactory agreement with the experimental data [Barnault et al., J. Phys. IV 1, C7/647 (1991)] was achieved for total excitation probabilities partitioned in two ranges, such that Gamma(25</=upsilon</=47)= summation operator(upsilon=25) (47)gamma(upsilon) approximately 0.1 and Gamma(15</=upsilon</=24)= summation operator(upsilon=15) (24)gamma(upsilon) approximately 0.9. A multipathway I(2) dissociation model was developed in which the intermediates are I(2)(A(') (3)Pi(2u),A (3)Pi(1u)) and I(2)(X,upsilon). It was shown that the iodine dissociation process passes predominantly through the I(2)(A(') (3)Pi(2u),A (3)Pi(1u)) intermediate. These states are populated by collisions of I(2) with vibrationally excited O(2)(a (1)Delta,upsilon) at the initiation and the chain stages, when the mole fraction of I(2) is small (eta(I(2) )<1%). For higher I(2) concentrations (eta(I(2) )>/=1%) the excited states are populated in the chain stage by collisions of I(2)(X,15</=upsilon</=24) with O(2)(a (1)Delta).
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Azyazov
- Samara Branch, P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, RAS, Novo-Sadovaya Str., 221, Samara 443011, Russia
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Elementary Processes in Atmospheric Chemistry: Quantum Studies of Intermolecular Dimer Formation and Intramolecular Dynamics. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(07)00215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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21
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Esposito F, Capitelli M. The relaxation of vibrationally excited O2 molecules by atomic oxygen. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kurnosov A, Napartovich A, Shnyrev S, Cacciatore M. Vibrational Energy Exchanges in Nitrogen: Application of New Rate Constants for Kinetic Modeling. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:7057-65. [PMID: 17628049 DOI: 10.1021/jp071657a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The state-to-state collisional data on vibration-vibration and vibration-translation/rotation energy exchanged in N2(v)-N2(v') collisions recently obtained from accurate ab initio semiclassical calculations have been used to analyze the data measured in nitrogen under two different plasma conditions. In particular, the vibrational distribution function and the time-evolution of the gas temperature measured under post-discharge and glow discharge conditions, respectively, have been calculated and compared with the experimental observations. The theoretical analysis and the related results, generally in very good agreement with the experimental data, provide insight into the various energy-exchange mechanisms that lie behind the macroscopic behaviors of the nitrogen plasmas. In particular, the role played by the vibrationally excited nitrogen molecules in the gas kinetics is pointed out, as well as the importance of nitrogen atom production in the long time scales of the glow discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kurnosov
- State Research Center, Troitsk Institute for Innovation and Fusion Research, 142190, Troitsk Moscow Region, Russia
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23
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Dayou F, Hernández MI, Campos-Martínez J, Hernández-Lamoneda R. Spin-orbit coupling in O2(v)+O2 collisions. II. Quantum scattering calculations on dimer states involving the XΣg−3, aΔg1, and bΣg+1 states of O2. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:194309. [PMID: 17523806 DOI: 10.1063/1.2734966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of collisional deactivation of O(2)(X (3)Sigma(g) (-),v=20-32) by O(2)(X (3)Sigma(g) (-),v(')=0) is investigated in detail by means of quantum-mechanical calculations. The theoretical approach involves ab initio potential energy surfaces correlating to the X (3)Sigma(g) (-), a (1)Delta(g), and b (1)Sigma(g) (+) states of O(2) and their corresponding spin-orbit couplings [F. Dayou, M. I. Hernandez, J. Campos-Martinez, and R. Hernandez-Lamoneda, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 074311 (2005)]. Accurate Rydberg-Klein-Rees potentials are included in order to improve the description of the vibrational structure of the fragments. The calculated Boltzmann-averaged depletion probabilities display a dependence with v in good agreement with experimental measurements. The onset of the vibrational-to-electronic (V-E) depletion mechanism is noticeable for v>/=26, and it is due to energy transfer to both a (1)Delta(g) and b (1)Sigma(g) (+) states of the diatom. For O(2)(X (3)Sigma(g) (-),v=28), a further and sharp increase in the removal probabilities is caused by a near degeneracy with the O(2)(b (1)Sigma(g) (+),v=19) vibrational state. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the Boltzmann-averaged probabilities indicates a transition from the vibrational-to-translational to the V-E energy transfer regime, which can be traced back to the behavior of the inelastic probabilities as functions of kinetic energy. Furthermore, branching ratios for outcomes through the three different electronic states show a strong propensity towards populating a unique vibrational level within each electronic state. These results provide supported evidence that spin-orbit couplings account for a large portion of the "dark channel" reported in total depletion measurements. New insight for further experimental and theoretical investigations is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Dayou
- Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique, UMR 8112 du CNRS, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France.
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24
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Lu RF, Zhang PY, Chu TS, Xie TX, Han KL. Spin-orbit effect in the energy pooling reaction O2(aΔ1)+O2(aΔ1)→O2(bΣ1)+O2(XΣ3). J Chem Phys 2007; 126:124304. [PMID: 17411120 DOI: 10.1063/1.2713399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Five-dimensional nonadiabatic quantum dynamics studies have been carried out on two new potential energy surfaces of S(2)((1)A(')) and T(7)((3)A(")) states for the title oxygen molecules collision with coplanar configurations, along with the spin-orbit coupling between them. The ab initio calculations are based on complete active state second-order perturbation theory with the 6-31+G(d) basis set. The calculated spin-orbit induced transition probability as a function of collision energy is found to be very small for this energy pooling reaction. The rate constant obtained from a uniform J-shifting approach is compared with the existing theoretical and experimental data, and the spin-orbit effect is also discussed in this electronic energy-transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Feng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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26
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Watanabe S, Usuda SY, Fujii H, Hatano H, Tokue I, Yamasaki K. Vibrational relaxation of O2(X 3 Σ–g, v = 9–13) by collisions with O2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:4407-13. [PMID: 17687487 DOI: 10.1039/b702840g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vibrationally excited O(2)(X(3) Sigmag(-)) was generated in the UV laser flash photolysis of O(3) and single vibrational level was detected via laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) in the B(3) Sigmau(-)-X(3) Sigmag(-) system. The time-resolved LIF of adjacent vibrational levels has been analyzed by the integrated-profiles method and the rate coefficients for single-quantum relaxation, O(2)(X(3)Sigmag(-), v = 9-13)+ O(2)(v = 0)--> O(2)(X(3)Sigmag(-), v - 1)+ O(2)(v = 1), have been determined. To the best of our knowledge, the rate coefficients for v = 12 and 13 are measured for the first time in the present study. The efficiency of relaxation is higher at lower vibrational levels, indicating that a small energy mismatch is suitable for the energy transfer. The vibrational level dependence of all the rate coefficients for the relaxation measured in the present study and previously reported by several groups can be rationalized by the energy gap law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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27
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Suleimanov YV, Shcherbul’ TV, Buchachenko AA. The dynamics of nonadiabatic transitions in collisions between the I2(E) and I2(X) molecules. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024407010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Near-resonant vibrational energy exchange between oxygen and water molecules is an important process in the Earth's atmosphere, combustion chemistry, and the chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL). The reactions in question are (1) O2(1) + O2(0) --> O2(0) + O2(0); (2) O2(1) + H2O(000) --> O2(0) + H2O(000); (3) O2(1) + H2O(000) <--> O2(0) + H2O(010); (4) H2O(010) + H2O(000) --> H2O(000) + H2O(000); and (5) H2O(010) + O2(0) --> H2O(000) + O2(0). Reanalysis of the data available in the chemical kinetics literature provides reliable values for rate coefficients for reactions 1 and 4 and strong evidence that reactions 2 and 5 are slow in comparison with reaction 3. Analytical solution of the chemical rate equations shows that previous attempts to measure the rate of reaction 3 are unreliable unless the water mole fraction is higher than 1%. Reanalysis of data from the only experiment satisfying this constraint provides a rate coefficient of (5.5 +/- 0.4) x 10(-13) cm3/s at room temperature, between the values favored by the atmospheric and laser modeling communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Huestis
- Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
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Dayou F, Hernández MI, Campos-Martínez J, Hernández-Lamoneda R. Spin-orbit coupling in O2(υ)+O2 collisions: I. Electronic structure calculations on dimer states involving the XΣg−3, aΔg1, and bΣg+1 states of O2. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:074311. [PMID: 16229574 DOI: 10.1063/1.2000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of vibrational-to-electronic (V-E) energy transfer mediated by spin-orbit coupling in the collisional removal of O2(X 3Sigmag-,upsilon>or=26) by O2 has been reported in a recent communication [F. Dayou, J. Campos-Martinez, M. I. Hernandez, and R. Hernandez-Lamoneda, J. Chem. Phys. 120, 10355 (2004)]. The present work provides details on the electronic properties of the dimer (O2)2 relevant to the self-relaxation of O2(X 3Sigmag-,upsilon>>0) where V-E energy transfer involving the O2(a 1Deltag) and O2(b 1Sigmag+) states is incorporated. Two-dimensional electronic structure calculations based on highly correlated ab initio methods have been carried out for the potential-energy and spin-orbit coupling surfaces associated with the ground singlet and two low-lying excited triplet states of the dimer dissociating into O2(X 3Sigmag-)+O2(X 3Sigmag-), O2(a 1Deltag)+O2(X 3Sigmag-), and O2(b 1Sigmag+)+O2(X 3Sigmag-). The resulting interaction potentials for the two excited triplet states display very similar features along the intermolecular separation, whereas differences arise with the ground singlet state for which the spin-exchange interaction produces a shorter equilibrium distance and higher binding energy. The vibrational dependence is qualitatively similar for the three studied interaction potentials. The spin-orbit coupling between the ground and second excited states is already nonzero in the O2+O2 dissociation limit and keeps its asymptotic value up to relatively short intermolecular separations, where the coupling increases for intramolecular distances close to the equilibrium of the isolated diatom. On the other hand, state mixing between the two excited triplet states leads to a noticeable collision-induced spin-orbit coupling between the ground and first excited states. The results are discussed in terms of specific features of the dimer electronic structure (including a simple four-electron model) and compared with existing theoretical and experimental data. This work gives theoretical insight into the origin of electronic energy-transfer mechanisms in O2+O2 collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Dayou
- Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8112 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France.
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31
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Kalogerakis KS, Copeland RA, Slanger TG. Vibrational energy transfer in O2(X 3sigma(g)-, upsilon=2,3) + O2 collisions at 330 K. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:044309. [PMID: 16095360 DOI: 10.1063/1.1982788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrational relaxation of O2(X 3sigma(g)-, upsilon=2,3) by O2 molecules is studied via a two-laser approach. Laser radiation at 266 nm photodissociates ozone in a mixture of molecular oxygen and ozone. The photolysis step produces vibrationally excited O2(a 1delta(g)) that is rapidly converted to O2(X 3sigma(g)-, upsilon=2,3) in a near-resonant adiabatic electronic energy-transfer process involving collisions with ground-state O2. The output of a tunable 193-nm ArF laser monitors the temporal evolution of the O2(X 3sigma(g)-, upsilon=2,3) population via laser-induced fluorescence detected near 360 nm. The rate coefficients for the vibrational relaxation of O2(X 3sigma(g)-, upsilon=2,3) in collision with O2 are 2.0(-0.4)(+0.6) x 10(-13) cm3 s(-1) and (2.6+/-0.4) x 10(-13) cm3 s(-1), respectively. These rate coefficients agree well with other experimental work but are significantly larger than those produced by various semiclassical theoretical calculations.
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Dayou * F, Bartolomei M, Campos-Martínez J, Hernández MI, Hernández-Lamoneda R. On the role of the vibrational dependence of the intermolecular potential in O2(v)+ O2Collisions. Mol Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970412331294801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Antonov IO, Azyazov VN, Ufimtsev NI. Experimental and theoretical study of distribution of O2 molecules over vibrational levels in O2(a 1Δg)–I mixture. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1621620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Caridade PJSB, Llanio-Trujillo JL, Varandas AJC. Nascent versus “Steady-State” Rovibrational Distributions in the Products of the O(3P) + O3(X̃A) Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030756v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. J. C. Varandas
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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Slanger TG, Copeland RA. Energetic Oxygen in the Upper Atmosphere and the Laboratory. Chem Rev 2003; 103:4731-66. [PMID: 14664631 DOI: 10.1021/cr0205311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom G Slanger
- Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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37
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Varandas AJC. Steady-State Distributions of O2 and OH in the High Atmosphere and Implications in the Ozone Chemistry. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022483u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. C. Varandas
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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38
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A new singlet ab initio potential energy surface for studying vibrational relaxation in O2(v)+O2 collisions. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)01947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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