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Qureishy T, Løyland S, Jørgensen SJ, Færgestad EM, Norby T, Uggerud E. Mechanisms for sonochemical oxidation of nitrogen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15357-15364. [PMID: 35703372 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01995g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N2O, and mixtures of N2 and O2, dissolved in water-both in the presence and absence of added noble gases-have been subjected to ultrasonication with quantification of nitrite and nitrate products. Significant increase in product formation upon adding noble gas for both reactant systems is observed, with the reactivity order Ne < Ar < Kr < Xe. These observations lend support to the idea that extraordinarily high electronic and vibrational temperatures arise under these conditions. This is based on recent observations of sonoluminescence in the presence of noble gases and is inconsistent with the classical picture of adiabatic bubble collapse upon acoustic cavitation. The reaction mechanisms of the first few reaction steps necessary for the critical formation of NO are discussed, illustrated by quantum chemical calculations. The role of intermediate N2O in this series of elementary steps is also discussed to better understand the difference between the two reactant sources (N2O and 2 : 1 N2 : O2; same stoichiometry).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Qureishy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Norway. .,Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Løyland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Norway. .,Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne J Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Norway. .,Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Eline M Færgestad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Norway. .,Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Norby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Norway. .,Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Uggerud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Norway. .,Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
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Honma K. Laser initiated reactions in N2O clusters studied by time-sliced ion velocity imaging technique. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:044307. [PMID: 23901980 DOI: 10.1063/1.4816008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser initiated reactions in N2O clusters were studied by a time-sliced velocity imaging technique. The N2O clusters, (N2O)n, generated by supersonic expansion were irradiated by an ultraviolet laser around 204 nm to convert reactant pairs, O((1)D2)-(N2O)n-1. The NO molecules formed from these reactant pairs were ionized by the same laser pulse and their velocity distribution was determined by the time-sliced velocity imaging technique. At low nozzle pressure, lower than 1.5 atm, the speed distribution in the frame moving with the clusters consists of two components. These components were ascribed to the products appeared in the backward and forward directions in the center-of-mass frame, respectively. The former consists of the vibrational ground state and the latter consists of highly vibrational excited states. At higher nozzle pressure, a single broad speed distribution became dominant for the product NO. The pressure and laser power dependences suggested that this component is attributed to the product formed in the clusters larger than dimer, (N2O)n (n ≥ 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Honma
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kohto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
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Tokel O, Chen J, Ulrich CK, Houston PL. O((1)D) + N(2)O reaction: NO vibrational and rotational distributions. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:11292-7. [PMID: 20735039 DOI: 10.1021/jp1042377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The O((1)D) + N(2)O → 2NO(X (2)Π) reaction has been studied in a molecular beam experiment in which O(3) and N(2)O were coexpanded. The precursor O((1)D) was prepared by O(3) photodissociation at 266 nm, and the NO(X (2)Π) molecules born from the reaction as the O((1)D) recoiled out of the beam were detected by 1+1 REMPI over the 220-246 nm probe laser wavelength range. The resulting spectrum was simulated to extract rotational and vibrational distributions of the NO(X (2)Π) molecules. The product rotational distribution is found to be characterized by a constant rotational temperature of ≈4500 K for all observed bands, v = 0-9. An inverted vibrational distribution is observed. A consistent explanation of this and previous experimental results is possible if there are two channels for the reaction, one producing a nearly statistical vibrational distribution for low O((1)D)-N(2)O relative velocity collisions and a second producing the inverted distribution observed here for high relative velocity collisions. The former might correspond to an insertion/complex-formation reaction, while the latter might correspond to a stripping reaction. Velocity relaxation of the O((1)D) is argued to compete strongly with reaction in most bulb studies, so that these studies see predominantly the nearly statistical distribution. In contrast, the beam experiments do not detect the part of the vibrational distribution produced in low relative velocity reactions because the O((1)D) is not relaxed from its initial velocity before it either reacts or leaves the beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tokel
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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Gödecke N, Maul C, Chichinin AI, Kauczok S, Gericke KH. Complete characterization of the constrained geometry bimolecular reaction O([sup 1]D)+N[sub 2]O→NO+NO by three-dimensional velocity map imaging. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:054307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3194292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Lu YJ, Liang CW, Lin JJ. Crossed molecular beam studies on the reaction dynamics of O(1D)+N2O. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:133121. [PMID: 17029447 DOI: 10.1063/1.2202828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of oxygen atom in its first singlet excited state with nitrous oxide was investigated under the crossed molecular beam condition. This reaction has two major product channels, NO+NO and N2+O2. The product translational energy distributions and angular distributions of both channels were determined. Using oxygen-18 isotope labeled O(1D) reactant, the newly formed NO can be distinguished from the remaining NO that was contained in the reactant N2O. Both channels have asymmetric and forward-biased angular distributions, suggesting that there is no long-lived collision complex with lifetime longer than its rotational period. The translational energy release of the N2+O2 channel (fT = 0.57) is much higher than that of the NO+NO channel (fT = 0.31). The product energy partitioning into translational, rotational, and vibrational degrees of freedom is discussed to learn more about the reaction mechanism. The branching ratio between the two product channels was estimated. The 46N2O product of the isotope exchange channel, 18O+44N2O-->16O+46N2O, was below the detection limit and therefore, the upper limit of its yield was estimated to be 0.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ju Lu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Kawai S, Fujimura Y, Kajimoto O, Yamashita T. Quasiclassical trajectory study of O(1D) + N2O --> NO + NO: classification of reaction paths and vibrational distribution. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:184315. [PMID: 16709114 DOI: 10.1063/1.2191041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Quasiclassical trajectory calculations for the planar reaction of O(1D) + N2O --> NO + NO are performed on a newly constructed ab initio potential energy surface. In spite of the reduced dimension approximation, the agreement between the computational and experimental results is largely satisfactory, especially on the similar amount of excitation of the two kinds of NO products found by Akagi et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 111, 115 (1999)]. Analyzing the initial condition dependence of the trajectories, we find that the trajectories of this reaction can be classified into four reaction paths, which correspond to respective areas in the space of initial condition. In one of the four paths, a long-lived stable complex is formed in the course of reaction, whereas the other three paths have direct mechanism. Contradictory to conventional understanding of the chemical reaction dynamics, the direct paths show more efficient energy exchange between the NO stretching modes than that with a long-lived intermediate. This indicates that the vibrational mode coupling along the short-lived paths is considerably stronger than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Kawai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Kawai S, Fujimura Y, Kajimoto O, Takayanagi T. Exit interaction effect on nascent product state distribution of O(1D)+N2O-->NO+NO. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:6430-8. [PMID: 15267532 DOI: 10.1063/1.1649721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have determined the rotational state distributions of NO(v'=0,1,2) products produced from the reaction O(1D)+N2O. This is the first full characterization of the product rotational distribution of this reaction. The main part of each rotational distribution (up to j' approximately 80) has rotational temperature approximately 20,000 K and all these distributions are quite near to those predicted by the phase space theory (PST). This observation and previously reported vibrational distribution indicate that the most part of the energy partitioning of the reaction products is at least apparently statistical although the intermediate of this reaction is not so stable as to ensure the long lifetime. On the other hand, the distributions in the high rotational levels (j'=80-100) are found to decrease more sharply as j' increases than the PST predictions. The origin of the observed decrease of the distribution is discussed with quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) calculations on a five-dimensional ab initio potential energy surface (PES). The observed near-statistical distribution and the sharp decrease in the high-j' levels are well reproduced by a "half-collision" QCT calculation, where statistical distribution at the reaction intermediate is assumed. This agreement shows the rotation-translation interaction in the exit region has an effect of yielding small high-j' populations. However, a little bias of the calculated distribution toward lower rotational excitation than the observed one indicates that the combination of the statistical intermediate and the exit interaction on the current PES does not completely describe the real system. It is suggested that the reaction intermediate is generated with the distribution which is close to statistical but a little biased toward yielding high-j' products, and that the interaction in the exit region of the PES results in the sharp decrease in the high-j' levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Kawai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Nishida S, Takahashi K, Matsumi Y, Taniguchi N, Hayashida S. Formation of O(3P) Atoms in the Photolysis of N2O at 193 nm and O(3P) + N2O Product Channel in the Reaction of O(1D) + N2O. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp037034o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Matsumi Y, Kawasaki M. Photolysis of Atmospheric Ozone in the Ultraviolet Region. Chem Rev 2003; 103:4767-82. [PMID: 14664632 DOI: 10.1021/cr0205255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsumi
- Solar Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toyokawa 442-8505, Japan.
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