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Gerber IC, Serp P. A Theory/Experience Description of Support Effects in Carbon-Supported Catalysts. Chem Rev 2019; 120:1250-1349. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iann C. Gerber
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Serp
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPR 8241 CNRS, INPT, 31400 Toulouse, France
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2
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Jørgensen AL, Duncan DA, Kastorp CFP, Kyhl L, Tang Z, Bruix A, Andersen M, Hammer B, Lee TL, Hornekær L, Balog R. Chemically-resolved determination of hydrogenated graphene-substrate interaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13462-13466. [PMID: 31187827 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Functionalization of graphene on Ir(111) is a promising route to modify graphene by chemical means in a controlled fashion at the nanoscale. Yet, the nature of such functionalized sp3 nanodots remains unknown. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations alone cannot differentiate between two plausible structures, namely true graphane and substrate stabilized graphane-like nanodots. These two structures, however, interact dramatically differently with the underlying substrate. Discriminating which type of nanodots forms on the surface is thus of paramount importance for the applications of such prepared nanostructures. By comparing X-ray standing wave measurements against theoretical model structures obtained by DFT calculations we are able to exclude the formation of true graphane nanodots and clearly show the formation graphane-like nanodots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders L Jørgensen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - David A Duncan
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Claus F P Kastorp
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Line Kyhl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Zeyuan Tang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Albert Bruix
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Mie Andersen
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Bjørk Hammer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Tien-Lin Lee
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Liv Hornekær
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Richard Balog
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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3
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Deng K, Zhang M, Wu X, Zhang Q, Yang G, Ma Z, Wei F, Wang G, Liu W. Adsorption and Desorption of Tritium in Nuclear Graphite at 700°C: A Gas Chromatographic Study Using Hydrogen. NUCL TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2019.1590076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Deng
- Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xijun Wu
- University of South China, School of Math and Physics, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guo Yang
- Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaowei Ma
- Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, 201800, China
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4
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Bonfanti M, Achilli S, Martinazzo R. Sticking of atomic hydrogen on graphene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:283002. [PMID: 29845971 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aac89f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an ever growing interest in the interactions between hydrogen atoms and a graphene sheet. Largely motivated by the possibility of modulating the electric, optical and magnetic properties of graphene, a huge number of studies have appeared recently that added to and enlarged earlier investigations on graphite and other carbon materials. In this review we give a glimpse of the many facets of this adsorption process, as they emerged from these studies. The focus is on those issues that have been addressed in detail, under carefully controlled conditions, with an emphasis on the interplay between the adatom structures, their formation dynamics and the electric, magnetic and chemical properties of the carbon sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bonfanti
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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5
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Pasquini M, Bonfanti M, Martinazzo R. Full quantum dynamical investigation of the Eley-Rideal reaction forming H 2 on a movable graphitic substrate at T = 0 K. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:977-988. [PMID: 29231946 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07080b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of the Eley-Rideal abstraction reaction of hydrogen atoms on a movable graphitic surface is investigated for the first time in a numerically exact fully quantum setting. A system-bath strategy was applied where the two recombining H atoms and a substrate C atom form a relevant subsystem, while the rest of the lattice takes the form of an independent oscillator bath. High-dimensional wavepacket simulations were performed in the collision energy range 0.2-1.0 eV with the help of the multi-layer multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree method, focusing on the collinear reaction on a zero-temperature surface. Results show that the dynamics is close to a sudden limit in which the reaction is much faster than the substrate motion. Unpuckering of the surface is fast (some tens of fs) but starts only after the formation of H2 is completed, thereby determining a considerable substrate heating (∼0.8 eV per reactive event). Energy partitioning in the product molecule favors translational over vibrational energy, and H2 molecules are vibrationally hot (∼1.5 eV) though to a lesser extent than previously predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pasquini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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6
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Wakelam V, Bron E, Cazaux S, Dulieu F, Gry C, Guillard P, Habart E, Hornekær L, Morisset S, Nyman G, Pirronello V, Price SD, Valdivia V, Vidali G, Watanabe N. H 2 formation on interstellar dust grains: The viewpoints of theory, experiments, models and observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molap.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Khalilov U, Bogaerts A, Xu B, Kato T, Kaneko T, Neyts EC. How the alignment of adsorbed ortho H pairs determines the onset of selective carbon nanotube etching. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:1653-1661. [PMID: 28074964 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08005g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Unlocking the enormous technological potential of carbon nanotubes strongly depends on our ability to specifically produce metallic or semiconducting tubes. While selective etching of both has already been demonstrated, the underlying reasons, however, remain elusive as yet. We here present computational and experimental evidence on the operative mechanisms at the atomic scale. We demonstrate that during the adsorption of H atoms and their coalescence, the adsorbed ortho hydrogen pairs on single-walled carbon nanotubes induce higher shear stresses than axial stresses, leading to the elongation of HC-CH bonds as a function of their alignment with the tube chirality vector, which we denote as the γ-angle. As a result, the C-C cleavage occurs more rapidly in nanotubes containing ortho H-pairs with a small γ-angle. This phenomenon can explain the selective etching of small-diameter semiconductor nanotubes with a similar curvature. Both theoretical and experimental results strongly indicate the important role of the γ-angle in the selective etching mechanisms of carbon nanotubes, in addition to the nanotube curvature and metallicity effects and lead us to clearly understand the onset of selective synthesis/removal of CNT-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Khalilov
- Department of Chemistry, Research Group PLASMANT, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - A Bogaerts
- Department of Chemistry, Research Group PLASMANT, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - B Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - T Kato
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - T Kaneko
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - E C Neyts
- Department of Chemistry, Research Group PLASMANT, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
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8
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Pham BQ, Gordon MS. Thermodynamics and kinetics of graphene chemistry: a graphene hydrogenation prototype study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:33274-33281. [PMID: 27896344 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05687c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamic and kinetic controls of graphene chemistry are studied computationally using a graphene hydrogenation reaction and polyaromatic hydrocarbons to represent the graphene surface. Hydrogen atoms are concertedly chemisorped onto the surface of graphene models of different shapes (i.e., all-zigzag, all-armchair, zigzag-armchair mixed edges) and sizes (i.e., from 16-42 carbon atoms). The second-order Z-averaged perturbation theory (ZAPT2) method combined with Pople double and triple zeta basis sets are used for all calculations. It is found that both the net enthalpy change and the barrier height of graphene hydrogenation at graphene edges are lower than at their interior surfaces. While the thermodynamic product distribution is mainly determined by the remaining π-islands of functionalized graphenes (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2013, 15, 3725-3735), the kinetics of the reaction is primarily correlated with the localization of the electrostatic potential of the graphene surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buu Q Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Mark S Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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9
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Casolo S, Tantardini GF, Martinazzo R. Hydrogen Recombination and Dimer Formation on Graphite from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:5032-40. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Casolo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi
19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - G. F. Tantardini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi
19, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Scienze
e Tecnologie Molecolari, CNR-ISTM, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - R. Martinazzo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi
19, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Scienze
e Tecnologie Molecolari, CNR-ISTM, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
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10
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Petucci J, LeBlond C, Karimi M, Vidali G. Diffusion, adsorption, and desorption of molecular hydrogen on graphene and in graphite. J Chem Phys 2014; 139:044706. [PMID: 23902002 DOI: 10.1063/1.4813919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The diffusion of molecular hydrogen (H2) on a layer of graphene and in the interlayer space between the layers of graphite is studied using molecular dynamics computer simulations. The interatomic interactions were modeled by an Adaptive Intermolecular Reactive Empirical Bond Order (AIREBO) potential. Molecular statics calculations of H2 on graphene indicate binding energies ranging from 41 meV to 54 meV and migration barriers ranging from 3 meV to 12 meV. The potential energy surface of an H2 molecule on graphene, with the full relaxations of molecular hydrogen and carbon atoms is calculated. Barriers for the formation of H2 through the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism are calculated. Molecular dynamics calculations of mean square displacements and average surface lifetimes of H2 on graphene at various temperatures indicate a diffusion barrier of 9.8 meV and a desorption barrier of 28.7 meV. Similar calculations for the diffusion of H2 in the interlayer space between the graphite sheets indicate high and low temperature regimes for the diffusion with barriers of 51.2 meV and 11.5 meV. Our results are compared with those of first principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Petucci
- Department of Physics, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania 15705, USA
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11
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Thrower JD, Friis EE, Skov AL, Jørgensen B, Hornekær L. Hydrogenation of PAH molecules through interaction with hydrogenated carbonaceous grains. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:3381-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Cuppen HM, Karssemeijer LJ, Lamberts T. The kinetic Monte Carlo method as a way to solve the master equation for interstellar grain chemistry. Chem Rev 2013; 113:8840-71. [PMID: 24187949 PMCID: PMC3934372 DOI: 10.1021/cr400234a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. M. Cuppen
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen , 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L. J. Karssemeijer
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen , 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T. Lamberts
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen , 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Sackler
Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, 2300
RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Vidali
- Syracuse University , 201 Physics Building, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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14
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Balog R, Andersen M, Jørgensen B, Sljivancanin Z, Hammer B, Baraldi A, Larciprete R, Hofmann P, Hornekær L, Lizzit S. Controlling hydrogenation of graphene on Ir(111). ACS NANO 2013; 7:3823-32. [PMID: 23586740 DOI: 10.1021/nn400780x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Combined fast X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal the presence of two types of hydrogen adsorbate structures at the graphene/Ir(111) interface, namely, graphane-like islands and hydrogen dimer structures. While the former give rise to a periodic pattern, dimers tend to destroy the periodicity. Our data reveal distinctive growth rates and stability of both types of structures, thereby allowing one to obtain well-defined patterns of hydrogen clusters. The ability to control and manipulate the formation and size of hydrogen structures on graphene facilitates tailoring of its properties for a wide range of applications by means of covalent functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Balog
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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15
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Insights into H2 formation in space from ab initio molecular dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:6674-7. [PMID: 23572584 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1301433110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen formation is a key process for the physics and the chemistry of interstellar clouds. Molecular hydrogen is believed to form on the carbonaceous surface of dust grains, and several mechanisms have been invoked to explain its abundance in different regions of space, from cold interstellar clouds to warm photon-dominated regions. Here, we investigate direct (Eley-Rideal) recombination including lattice dynamics, surface corrugation, and competing H-dimers formation by means of ab initio molecular dynamics. We find that Eley-Rideal reaction dominates at energies relevant for the interstellar medium and alone may explain observations if the possibility of facile sticking at special sites (edges, point defects, etc.) on the surface of the dust grains is taken into account.
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16
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17
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Aréou E, Cartry G, Layet JM, Angot T. Hydrogen-graphite interaction: Experimental evidences of an adsorption barrier. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:014701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3518981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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18
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Šljivančanin Ž, Rauls E, Hornekær L, Xu W, Besenbacher F, Hammer B. Extended atomic hydrogen dimer configurations on the graphite(0001) surface. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:084706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3187941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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19
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Balog R, Jørgensen B, Wells J, Lægsgaard E, Hofmann P, Besenbacher F, Hornekær L. Atomic Hydrogen Adsorbate Structures on Graphene. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8744-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja902714h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Balog
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Bjarke Jørgensen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Justin Wells
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Erik Lægsgaard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Philip Hofmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Flemming Besenbacher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Liv Hornekær
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Denmark
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20
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Cuppen HM, Hornekær L. Kinetic Monte Carlo studies of hydrogen abstraction from graphite. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:174707. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2913238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Medina Z, Jackson B. Quantum studies of light particle trapping, sticking, and desorption on metal and graphite surfaces. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:114704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2890043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Kerwin J, Jackson B. The sticking of H and D atoms on a graphite (0001) surface: The effects of coverage and energy dissipation. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:084702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2868771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Rutigliano M, Cacciatore M. Isotope and Surface Temperature Effects for Hydrogen Recombination on a Graphite Surface. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:171-81. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Vidali G, Pirronello V, Li L, Roser J, Manicó G, Congiu E, Mehl H, Lederhendler A, Perets HB, Brucato JR, Biham O. Analysis of Molecular Hydrogen Formation on Low-Temperature Surfaces in Temperature Programmed Desorption Experiments. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:12611-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0760657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Vidali
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, Universitá di Catania, DMFCI, 95125 Catania, Sicily, Italy, NASA Ames, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Faculty of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, and INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy
| | - V. Pirronello
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, Universitá di Catania, DMFCI, 95125 Catania, Sicily, Italy, NASA Ames, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Faculty of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, and INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy
| | - L. Li
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, Universitá di Catania, DMFCI, 95125 Catania, Sicily, Italy, NASA Ames, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Faculty of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, and INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy
| | - J. Roser
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, Universitá di Catania, DMFCI, 95125 Catania, Sicily, Italy, NASA Ames, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Faculty of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, and INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy
| | - G. Manicó
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, Universitá di Catania, DMFCI, 95125 Catania, Sicily, Italy, NASA Ames, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Faculty of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, and INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy
| | - E. Congiu
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, Universitá di Catania, DMFCI, 95125 Catania, Sicily, Italy, NASA Ames, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Faculty of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, and INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy
| | - H. Mehl
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, Universitá di Catania, DMFCI, 95125 Catania, Sicily, Italy, NASA Ames, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Faculty of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, and INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy
| | - A. Lederhendler
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, Universitá di Catania, DMFCI, 95125 Catania, Sicily, Italy, NASA Ames, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Faculty of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, and INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy
| | - H. B. Perets
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, Universitá di Catania, DMFCI, 95125 Catania, Sicily, Italy, NASA Ames, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Faculty of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, and INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy
| | - J. R. Brucato
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, Universitá di Catania, DMFCI, 95125 Catania, Sicily, Italy, NASA Ames, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Faculty of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, and INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy
| | - O. Biham
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, Universitá di Catania, DMFCI, 95125 Catania, Sicily, Italy, NASA Ames, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Faculty of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, and INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy
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25
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Long range orientation of meta-stable atomic hydrogen adsorbate clusters on the graphite(0 0 0 1) surface. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Medina Z, Jackson B. Reduced density matrix quantum approach for particle trapping and sticking on corrugated moving surfaces. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:224703. [PMID: 17176150 DOI: 10.1063/1.2402164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A short time propagation algorithm for the reduced density matrix is derived to model the interaction of a quantum particle with a moving corrugated surface. The algorithm includes dissipative terms, which can be derived directly from the full Hamiltonian. The scattering of He from a corrugated Cu surface is examined as a function of incident energy and angle and the temperature of the substrate, with a focus on the nature of trapping. It is found that corrugation can make a significant contribution to trapping, even on a metal surface. Energy exchange with the phonons is shown to significantly modify the nature of diffraction mediated selective adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuleika Medina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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27
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Hornekaer L, Rauls E, Xu W, Sljivancanin Z, Otero R, Stensgaard I, Laegsgaard E, Hammer B, Besenbacher F. Clustering of chemisorbed H(D) atoms on the graphite (0001) surface due to preferential sticking. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:186102. [PMID: 17155556 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.186102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We present scanning tunneling microscopy experiments and density functional theory calculations which reveal a unique mechanism for the formation of hydrogen adsorbate clusters on graphite surfaces. Our results show that diffusion of hydrogen atoms is largely inactive and that clustering is a consequence of preferential sticking into specific adsorbate structures. These surprising findings are caused by reduced or even vanishing adsorption barriers for hydrogen in the vicinity of already adsorbed H atoms on the surface and point to a possible novel route to interstellar H2 formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hornekaer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade bygn. 1520, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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28
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Kerwin J, Sha X, Jackson B. Classical Studies of H Atom Trapping on a Graphite Surface†. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:18811-7. [PMID: 16986871 DOI: 10.1021/jp057136+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The trapping and sticking of H and D atoms on the graphite (0001) surface is examined over the energy range 0.1-0.9 eV. Total electronic energy calculations based on density functional theory are used to develop a potential energy surface that allows for the full three-dimensional motion of the incident atom and the reconstruction of the bonding carbon atom, which must pucker out of the surface to form a stable bond. Classical methods are used to compute trapping cross sections as a function of incident energy. The C-H bond, once formed, rapidly dissociates without a mechanism to dissipate its excess energy. However, a number of long-lived trapping resonances exist, and for impact parameters below 1 A or so, several percent of the incident H atoms can remain trapped for 1 ps or more. This long-time trapping probability increases significantly when additional lattice degrees of freedom are added to carry energy away from the C-H stretch. Trapping can also increase with an increasing collision impact parameter, as H vibrations parallel to the surface become excited, leaving less energy in the C-H stretch. The trapping cross section at 1 ps reaches a maximum of 0.2 A2 for an H atom energy of 0.3 eV. Assuming that any atoms remaining trapped after 1 ps fully relax and stick, we estimate a lower bound for the sticking probability of H and D to be 0.024 and 0.050, respectively, about an order of magnitude below the experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Kerwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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29
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Hornekaer L, Sljivancanin Z, Xu W, Otero R, Rauls E, Stensgaard I, Laegsgaard E, Hammer B, Besenbacher F. Metastable structures and recombination pathways for atomic hydrogen on the graphite (0001) surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:156104. [PMID: 16712173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.156104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We present scanning tunneling microscopy results which reveal the existence of two distinct hydrogen dimer states on graphite basal planes. Density functional theory calculations allow us to identify the atomic structure of these states and to determine their recombination and desorption pathways. Direct recombination is only possible from one of the two dimer states. This results in increased stability of one dimer species and explains the puzzling double peak structure observed in temperature programmed desorption spectra for hydrogen on graphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hornekaer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade bygning 1520, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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30
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Martinazzo R, Tantardini GF. Quantum study of Eley-Rideal reaction and collision induced desorption of hydrogen atoms on a graphite surface. II. H-physisorbed case. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:124703. [PMID: 16599714 DOI: 10.1063/1.2177655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Following previous investigation of collision induced (CI) processes involving hydrogen atoms chemisorbed on graphite [R. Martinazzo and G. F. Tantardini, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 124702 (2006)], the case in which the target hydrogen atom is initially physisorbed on the surface is considered here. Several adsorbate-substrate initial states of the target H atom in the physisorption well are considered, and CI processes are studied for projectile energies up to 1 eV. Results show that (i) Eley-Rideal cross sections at low collision energies may be larger than those found in the H-chemisorbed case but they rapidly decrease as the collision energy increases; (ii) product hydrogen molecules are vibrationally very excited; (iii) collision induced desorption cross sections rapidly increase, reaching saturation values greater than 10 A2; (iv) trapping of the incident atoms is found to be as efficient as the Eley-Rideal reaction at low energies and remains sizable (3-4 A2) at high energies. The latter adsorbate-induced trapping results mainly in formation of metastable hot hydrogen atoms, i.e., atoms with an excess energy channeled in the motion parallel to the surface. These atoms might contribute in explaining hydrogen formation on graphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Martinazzo
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry and CIMAINA, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
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31
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Creighan SC, Perry JSA, Price SD. The rovibrational distribution of H2 and HD formed on a graphite surface at 15–50 K. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:114701. [PMID: 16555904 DOI: 10.1063/1.2174878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rotational distributions of H2 and HD formed on a highly oriented pyrolitic graphite surface at temperatures of 15-50 K have been measured using laser spectroscopy. The population of the rovibrational levels nu=1, J=0-4 and nu=2, J=0-4 has been observed and the average rotational temperatures of the nascent H2 and HD molecules have been determined. We find that the average rotational temperature of the newly formed molecules is much higher than the surface temperature on which they have formed. We compare our results with other recent experimental data and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Creighan
- Chemistry Department, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom, USA
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32
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Vidali G, Roser J, Manicó G, Pirronello V, Perets HB, Biham O. Formation of molecular hydrogen on analogues of interstellar dust grains: experiments and modelling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/6/1/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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33
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Sha X, Jackson B, Lemoine D, Lepetit B. Quantum studies of H atom trapping on a graphite surface. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:14709. [PMID: 15638693 DOI: 10.1063/1.1827601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The trapping and sticking of H and D atoms on the graphite (0001) surface is examined, over the energy range of 0.1-0.9 eV. For hydrogen to chemisorb onto graphite, the bonding carbon must pucker out of the surface plane by several tenths of an angstrom. A quantum approach in which both the hydrogen and the bonding carbon atoms can move is used to model the trapping, and a potential energy surface based on density functional theory calculations is employed. It is found, for energies not too far above the 0.2 eV barrier to chemisorption that a significant fraction of the incident H or D atoms can trap. The forces on the bonding carbon are large, and it can reconstruct within 50 fs or so. After about 100 fs, most of the trapped H atoms scatter back into the gas phase, but the 5%-10% that remain can have lifetimes on the order of a picosecond or more. Calculations of the resonance eigenstates and lifetimes confirm this. An additional lattice degree of freedom is included quantum mechanically and is shown to significantly increase the amount of H that remains trapped after 1 ps. Further increasing the incident energy destabilizes the trapped state, leading to less H remaining trapped at long times. We estimate that for a full dissipative bath, the sticking probabilities should be on the order of 0.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Sha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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34
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Meijer AJHM, Fisher AJ, Clary DC. Surface Coverage Effects on the Formation of Molecular Hydrogen on a Graphite Surface via an Eley−Rideal Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp035809n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J. Fisher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Clary
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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35
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Pauer G, Eichler A, Sock M, Ramsey MG, Netzer F, Winkler A. Identification of new adsorption sites of H and D on rhodium(100). J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1597196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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36
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Zecho T, Güttler A, Küppers J. Suppression of D adsorption and D by H abstraction on graphite (0001) surfaces by adsorbed water. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Quattrucci JG, Jackson B, Lemoine D. Eley–Rideal reactions of H atoms with Cl adsorbed on Au(111): Quantum and quasiclassical studies. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1533735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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