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Sheydaafar Z, Dyre JC, Schrøder TB. Scaling Properties of Liquid Dynamics Predicted from a Single Configuration: Pseudoisomorphs for Harmonic-Bonded Molecules. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:8054-8064. [PMID: 39110776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c03982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Isomorphs are curves in the thermodynamic phase diagram of invariant excess entropy, structure, and dynamics, while pseudoisomorphs are curves of invariant structure and dynamics, but not of the excess entropy. The latter curves have been shown to exist in molecular models with flexible bonds [Olsen, A. E. J. Chem. Phys. 2016, 145, 241103]. We here present three force-based methods to trace out pseudoisomorphs based on a single configuration and test them on the asymmetric dumbbell and 10-bead Lennard-Jones chain models with bonds modeled as harmonic springs. The three methods are based on requiring that particle forces, center-of-mass forces, and torques, respectively, are invariant in reduced units. For each of the two investigated models we identify a method that works well for tracing out pseudoisomorphs, but these methods are not the same. Overall, we find that the more internal degrees of freedom there are in the molecule studied, the less they appear to affect the gross dynamical behavior. Moreover, the "internal" degrees of freedom (including rotation) do not significantly affect the scaling behavior of the dynamical/transport coefficients provided some 'quenching' is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Sheydaafar
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jeppe C Dyre
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas B Schrøder
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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2
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Hachuła B, Kamińska E, Koperwas K, Wrzalik R, Jurkiewicz K, Tarnacka M, Scelta D, Fanetti S, Pawlus S, Paluch M, Kamiński K. A study of OH···O hydrogen bonds along various isolines in 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. Temperature or pressure - which parameter controls their behavior? SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 283:121726. [PMID: 35970088 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The nature of H-bonding interactions is still far from being understood despite intense experimental and theoretical studies on this subject carried out by the leading research centers. In this paper, by a combination of unique high-pressure infrared, dielectric and volumetric data, the intramolecular dynamics of hydroxyl moieties (which provides direct information about H-bonds) was studied along various isolines, i.e., isotherms, isobars, isochrones, and isochores, in a simple monohydroxy alcohol (2-ethyl-1-hexanol). This allowed us to discover that the temperature controls the intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which then affect the intramolecular dynamics of OH units. Although the role of density fluctuations gets stronger as temperature rises. We also demonstrated a clear connection between the intra- and intermolecular dynamics of the associating liquid at high pressure. The data reported herein open a new perspective to explore this important aspect of the glass transition phenomenon and understand H-bonding interactions at varying thermodynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hachuła
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Ewa Kamińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Kajetan Koperwas
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Roman Wrzalik
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Karolina Jurkiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Magdalena Tarnacka
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Demetrio Scelta
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; ICCOM-CNR, Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Samuele Fanetti
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; ICCOM-CNR, Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sebastian Pawlus
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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3
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Niss K. A density scaling conjecture for aging glasses. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:054503. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0090869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging rate of glasses has traditionally been modeled as a function of temperature, T , andfictive temperature, while density, ρ, is not explicitly included as a parameter. However, this de-scription does not naturally connect to the modern understanding of what governs the relaxationrate in equilibrium. In equilibrium it is well known that the relaxation rate, γeq , depends on tem-perature and density. In addition a large class of systems obey density scaling which means therate specifically depends on the scaling parameter, Γ = e(ρ)/T , where e(ρ) is a system specificfunction. This paper present a generalization of the fictive temperature concept in terms of a fic-tive scaling paramter, Γfic , and a density scaling conjecture for aging glasses in which the agingrate depends on Γ and Γfic .
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Heczko D, Grelska J, Jurkiewicz K, Spychalska P, Kasprzycka A, Kamiński K, Paluch M, Kamińska E. Anomalous narrowing of the shape of the structural process in derivatives of trehalose at high pressure. The role of the internal structure. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
This paper generalizes isomorph theory to systems that are not in thermal equilibrium. The systems are assumed to be R-simple, i.e., to have a potential energy that as a function of all particle coordinates R obeys the hidden-scale-invariance condition U(Ra) < U(Rb) ⇒ U(λRa) < U(λRb). "Systemic isomorphs" are introduced as lines of constant excess entropy in the phase diagram defined by density and systemic temperature, which is the temperature of the equilibrium state point with the average potential energy equal to U(R). The dynamics is invariant along a systemic isomorph if there is a constant ratio between the systemic and the bath temperature. In thermal equilibrium, the systemic temperature is equal to the bath temperature and the original isomorph formalism is recovered. The new approach rationalizes within a consistent framework previously published observations of isomorph invariance in simulations involving nonlinear steady-state shear flows, zero-temperature plastic flows, and glass-state isomorphs. This paper relates briefly to granular media, physical aging, and active matter. Finally, we discuss the possibility that the energy unit defining the reduced quantities should be based on the systemic rather than the bath temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe C Dyre
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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6
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Holt AP, Fragiadakis D, Roland CM. Dynamic Properties of Supercooled Chlorinated Biphenyls. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5073-5078. [PMID: 32432473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A study of the dynamics of a series of biphenyl compounds having varying chlorine levels was carried out. Increasing the chlorine content increases the glass transition temperature and makes the dynamics substantially more sensitive to density changes. Nonetheless, in the vicinity of their respective glass transitions, the different liquids display very similar extents of dynamic correlation and dynamic heterogeneity. The slight narrowing of the relaxation peak with increasing chlorine follows the general trend of the effect of increasing molecular polarity. This relationship between the peak breadth and dipole moment was reproduced in molecular dynamics simulations of a simplified model of the Aroclor molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Holt
- Chemistry Division, Code 6105, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-4032, United States
| | - D Fragiadakis
- Chemistry Division, Code 6105, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-4032, United States
| | - C M Roland
- Chemistry Division, Code 6105, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-4032, United States
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Bishop C, Li Y, Toney MF, Yu L, Ediger MD. Molecular Orientation for Vapor-Deposited Organic Glasses Follows Rate-Temperature Superposition: The Case of Posaconazole. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2505-2513. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yuhui Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Michael F. Toney
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Lian Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - M. D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Tu W, Ngai KL, Paluch M, Adrjanowicz K. Dielectric Study on the Well-Resolved Sub-Rouse and JG β-Relaxations of Poly(methylphenylsiloxane) at Ambient and Elevated Pressures. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenkang Tu
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - K. L. Ngai
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
- CNR-IPCF, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Karolina Adrjanowicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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9
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Minecka A, Kamińska E, Jurkiewicz K, Heczko D, Hachuła B, Pisarski W, Kamiński K, Paluch M. Studies on the internal medium-range ordering and high pressure dynamics in modified ibuprofens. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 22:295-305. [PMID: 31813945 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04886c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS), combined with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques, was used to study the dynamics of the primary (α) relaxation process and slow mode (SM), as well as structural properties and intermolecular interactions, in the methyl-, isopropyl-, hexyl-, and benzyl derivative of a well-known pharmaceutical, ibuprofen (IBU). Unexpectedly, the XRD and FTIR methods revealed the formation of medium-range ordering together with some molecular organization, which probably leads to the creation of small aggregates at the scale of several microns at lower temperatures. Moreover, high pressure dielectric experiments revealed that the SM (observed in the ambient pressure data) is not detected in the loss spectra of compressed IBU esters, which is consistent with the results reported previously for propylene carbonate and dioxolane derivatives. This finding can be interpreted as connected to either the comparable time scale of the structural dynamics and slow mode or suppression of the motions responsible for the latter process at elevated pressure. Additionally, it was found that the pressure coefficient of the glass transition temperature (dTg/dp) and activation volume (ΔV) change with molecular weight (Mw) in a non-monotonic way. It might be related to various chemical structures, conformations, and intermolecular interactions, as well as different architecture of supramolecular aggregates in the investigated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Minecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, ul. Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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10
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Ransom TC, Casalini R, Fragiadakis D, Roland CM. The complex behavior of the “simplest” liquid: Breakdown of density scaling in tetramethyl tetraphenyl trisiloxane. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:174501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5121021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Ransom
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Code 6100, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA
| | - R. Casalini
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Code 6100, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA
| | - D. Fragiadakis
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Code 6100, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA
| | - C. M. Roland
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Code 6100, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA
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11
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Fragiadakis D, Roland CM. Chain Flexibility and the Segmental Dynamics of Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5930-5934. [PMID: 31188607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics simulations, we examine the dynamics of a family of model polymers with varying chain length and torsional potential barriers. We focus on features of the dynamics of polymers that are seen experimentally but absent in simulations of freely rotating and freely jointed chains. The reduced effect of volume on the segmental dynamics with increasing chain length, a capacity for pressure densification, and the deviation from constant Johari-Goldstein relaxation time at a constant segmental relaxation time all have a common origin, torsional rigidity, and these effects become increasingly apparent for more rigid chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fragiadakis
- Chemistry Division , Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , District of Columbia 20375-5342 , United States
| | - C Michael Roland
- Chemistry Division , Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , District of Columbia 20375-5342 , United States
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12
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Fragiadakis D, Roland C. Intermolecular distance and density scaling of dynamics in molecular liquids. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:204501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5098455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Fragiadakis
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Washington, District of Columbia 20375-5342, USA
| | - C.M. Roland
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Washington, District of Columbia 20375-5342, USA
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13
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Gromnitskaya EL, Danilov IV, Lyapin AG, Brazhkin VV. Elastic properties of liquid and glassy propane-based alcohols under high pressure: the increasing role of hydrogen bonds in a homologous family. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2665-2672. [PMID: 30657511 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07588c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have measured the elastic moduli of liquid and glassy n-propanol and propylene glycol (PG) under pressure by ultrasonic techniques and have recalculated similar characteristics for glycerol from the previous experiment. All three substances form a ternary homologous family with the common formula C3H8-n(OH)n (n = 1, 2, 3), where the number of hydrogen bonds per molecule increases with the number of oxygen atoms approximately as ≈2n. In turn, the enhancement of hydrogen bonding results in an increase in elastic moduli (bulk modulus for liquids or bulk and shear moduli for glasses) from n-propanol to glycerol at all pressures, while the volume per molecule Vm shows the opposite trend at atmospheric pressure in spite of an increase in the molecular size. Nevertheless, the ratios between the Vm values at pressure P > 0.05 GPa are inverted in liquids and tend to the ratios of molecule volumes which indicates a decrease of the relative contribution of hydrogen bonds to the repulsive intermolecular forces with increasing pressure regardless of increase or decrease in the number of hydrogen bonds and their strength. A similar volume behavior is observed for glasses at T = 77 K. We have also established that the relative difference between corresponding moduli of liquid or glassy n-propanol and PG is remarkably less than that between corresponding values for PG and glycerol. We explain this property by the formation of a three-dimensional network of hydrogen bonds in glycerol, where the number of hydrogen bonds per molecule is close to six.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Gromnitskaya
- Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia.
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14
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Roed LA, Hecksher T, Dyre JC, Niss K. Generalized single-parameter aging tests and their application to glycerol. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:044501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5066387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Anita Roed
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Tina Hecksher
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jeppe C. Dyre
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kristine Niss
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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15
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Niss K, Hecksher T. Perspective: Searching for simplicity rather than universality in glass-forming liquids. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:230901. [PMID: 30579292 DOI: 10.1063/1.5048093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article gives an overview of experimental results on dynamics in bulk glass-forming molecular liquids. Rather than looking for phenomenology that is universal, in the sense that it is seen in all liquids, the focus is on identifying the basic characteristics, or "stylized facts," of the glass transition problem, i.e., the central observations that a theory of the physics of glass formation should aim to explain in a unified manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Niss
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Tina Hecksher
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Abstract
This article gives an overview of excess-entropy scaling, the 1977 discovery by Rosenfeld that entropy determines properties of liquids like viscosity, diffusion constant, and heat conductivity. We give examples from computer simulations confirming this intriguing connection between dynamics and thermodynamics, counterexamples, and experimental validations. Recent uses in application-related contexts are reviewed, and theories proposed for the origin of excess-entropy scaling are briefly summarized. It is shown that if two thermodynamic state points of a liquid have the same microscopic dynamics, they must have the same excess entropy. In this case, the potential-energy function exhibits a symmetry termed hidden scale invariance, stating that the ordering of the potential energies of configurations is maintained if these are scaled uniformly to a different density. This property leads to the isomorph theory, which provides a general framework for excess-entropy scaling and illuminates, in particular, why this does not apply rigorously and universally. It remains an open question whether all aspects of excess-entropy scaling and related regularities reflect hidden scale invariance in one form or other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe C Dyre
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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17
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Ransom TC, Fragiadakis D, Roland CM. The α and Johari–Goldstein Relaxations in 1,4-Polybutadiene: Breakdown of Isochronal Superpositioning. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Ransom
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6105, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342, United States
| | - D. Fragiadakis
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6105, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342, United States
| | - C. M. Roland
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6105, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342, United States
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18
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Abstract
This paper derives and discusses the configuration-space Langevin equation describing a physically aging R-simple system and the corresponding Smoluchowski equation. Externally controlled thermodynamic variables like temperature, density, and pressure enter the description via the single parameter Ts/T, in which T is the bath temperature and Ts is the "systemic" temperature defined at any time t as the thermodynamic equilibrium temperature of the state point with density ρ(t) and potential energy U(t). In equilibrium, Ts ≅ T with fluctuations that vanish in the thermodynamic limit. In contrast to Tool's fictive temperature and other effective temperatures in glass science, the systemic temperature is defined for any configuration with a well-defined density, even if it is not close to equilibrium. Density and systemic temperature define an aging phase diagram, in which the aging system traces out a curve. Predictions are discussed for aging following various density-temperature and pressure-temperature jumps from one equilibrium state to another, as well as for a few other scenarios. The proposed theory implies that R-simple glass-forming liquids are characterized by the dynamic Prigogine-Defay ratio being equal to unity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe C Dyre
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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19
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Heczko D, Kamińska E, Minecka A, Dzienia A, Jurkiewicz K, Tarnacka M, Talik A, Kamiński K, Paluch M. High-pressure dielectric studies on 1,6-anhydro-β-D-mannopyranose (plastic crystal) and 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose (canonical glass). J Chem Phys 2018; 148:204510. [PMID: 29865811 DOI: 10.1063/1.5032209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy was applied to investigate molecular dynamics of two anhydrosaccharides, i.e., 1,6-anhydro-β-D-mannopyranose, anhMAN (hydrogen-bonded system) and 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose, ac-anhGLU (van der Waals material), at different thermodynamic conditions. Moreover, the reported data were compared with those recently published for two other H-bonded systems, i.e., 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose (anhGLU) and D-glucose (D-GLU). A direct comparison of the dynamical behavior of the materials with a similar chemical structure but significantly differing by the degrees of freedom, complexity, and intermolecular interactions made it possible to probe the impact of compression on the fragility, Temperature-Pressure Superpositioning and pressure coefficient of the glassy crystal/glass transition temperatures (dTgc/dp ; dTg/dp). Moreover, the correlation between dTgc/dp determined experimentally from the high-pressure dielectric data and the Ehrenfest equation has been tested for the plastic crystals (anhGLU and anhMAN) for the first time. Interestingly, a satisfactory agreement was found between both approaches. It is a quite intriguing finding which can be rationalized by the fact that the studied materials are characterized by the low complexity (lower degrees of freedom with respect to the molecular mobility) as well as ordered internal structure. Therefore, one can speculate that in contrast to the ordinary glasses the dynamics of the plastic crystals might be described with the use of a single order parameter. However, to confirm this thesis further, pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) experiments enabling calculations of the Prigogine Defay ratio are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Heczko
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ewa Kamińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Aldona Minecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Andrzej Dzienia
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, ul. Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Karolina Jurkiewicz
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Magdalena Tarnacka
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Talik
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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20
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Casalini R, Roland CM. Nonlinear dielectric spectroscopy of propylene carbonate derivatives. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:134506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5024379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Casalini
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA
| | - C. M. Roland
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA
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21
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Oparaji O, Narayanan S, Sandy A, Ramakrishnan S, Hallinan D. Structural Dynamics of Strongly Segregated Block Copolymer Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Onyekachi Oparaji
- FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida A&M University−Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- Argonne National
Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Alec Sandy
- Argonne National
Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Subramanian Ramakrishnan
- FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida A&M University−Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
| | - Daniel Hallinan
- FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida A&M University−Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
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22
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Casalini R, Roland CM. Communication: Effect of density on the physical aging of pressure-densified polymethylmethacrylate. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:091104. [PMID: 28886646 DOI: 10.1063/1.4995567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of physical aging of glassy polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), followed from the change in the secondary relaxation with aging, is found to be independent of the density, the latter controlled by the pressure during glass formation. Thus, the aging behavior of the secondary relaxation is the same whether the glass is more compacted or less dense than the corresponding equilibrium liquid. This equivalence in aging of glasses formed under different pressures indicates that local packing is the dominant variable governing the glassy dynamics. The fact that pressure densification yields different glass structures is at odds with a model for non-associated materials having dynamic properties exhibited by PMMA, such as density scaling of the relaxation time and isochronal superposition of the relaxation dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Casalini
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA
| | - C M Roland
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA
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23
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Fragiadakis D, Roland CM. A test for the existence of isomorphs in glass-forming materials. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:084508. [PMID: 28863541 DOI: 10.1063/1.4986774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a method to determine whether a material has isomorphs in its thermodynamic phase diagram. Isomorphs are state points for which various properties are invariant in reduced units. Such materials are commonly identified from strong correlation between thermal fluctuations of the potential energy, U, and the virial W, but this identification is not generally applicable to real materials. We show from molecular dynamic simulations of atomic, molecular, and polymeric materials that systems with strong U-W correlation cannot be pressure densified, that is, the density obtained on cooling to the glassy state and releasing the pressure is independent of the pressure applied during cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fragiadakis
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA
| | - C M Roland
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA
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24
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Olsen AE, Dyre JC, Schrøder TB. Communication: Pseudoisomorphs in liquids with intramolecular degrees of freedom. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:241103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4972860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Elmerdahl Olsen
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jeppe C. Dyre
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas B. Schrøder
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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25
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Hu YC, Shang BS, Guan PF, Yang Y, Bai HY, Wang WH. Thermodynamic scaling of glassy dynamics and dynamic heterogeneities in metallic glass-forming liquid. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:104503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4962324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chao Hu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bao-Shuang Shang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Peng-Fei Guan
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai-Yang Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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26
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Veldhorst AA, Schrøder TB, Dyre JC. Pair Potential That Reproduces the Shape of Isochrones in Molecular Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:7970-4. [PMID: 27494438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b04424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many liquids have curves (isomorphs) in their phase diagrams along which structure, dynamics, and some thermodynamic quantities are invariant in reduced units. A substantial part of their phase diagrams is thus effectively one dimensional. The shapes of these isomorphs are described by a material-dependent function of density, h(ρ), which for real liquids is well approximated by a power law, ρ(γ). However, in simulations, a power law is not adequate when density changes are large; typical models, such as Lennard-Jones liquids, show that γ(ρ) ≡ d ln h(ρ)/d ln ρ is a decreasing function of density. This article presents results from computer simulations using a new pair potential that diverges at a nonzero distance and can be tuned to give a more realistic shape of γ(ρ). Our results indicate that the finite size of molecules is an important factor to take into account when modeling liquids over a large density range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno A Veldhorst
- "Glass and Time", IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University , P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.,Laboratório de Espectroscopia Molecular, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo , CP 26077, CEP 05513-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thomas B Schrøder
- "Glass and Time", IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University , P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jeppe C Dyre
- "Glass and Time", IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University , P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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27
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Adrjanowicz K, Pionteck J, Paluch M. Isochronal superposition and density scaling of the intermolecular dynamics in glass-forming liquids with varying hydrogen bonding propensity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08406k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have tested the idea of thermodynamic scaling T−1ργ and isochronal superposition in glass-forming liquids with varying propensity to form hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Adrjanowicz
- Institute of Physics
- University of Silesia
- Katowice
- Poland
- NanoBioMedical Centre
| | - J. Pionteck
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
- Dresden
- Germany
| | - M. Paluch
- Institute of Physics
- University of Silesia
- Katowice
- Poland
- SMCEBI
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28
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Roed LA, Niss K, Jakobsen B. Communication: High pressure specific heat spectroscopy reveals simple relaxation behavior of glass forming molecular liquid. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:221101. [PMID: 26671349 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequency dependent specific heat has been measured under pressure for the molecular glass forming liquid 5-polyphenyl-4-ether in the viscous regime close to the glass transition. The temperature and pressure dependences of the characteristic time scale associated with the specific heat is compared to the equivalent time scale from dielectric spectroscopy performed under identical conditions. It is shown that the ratio between the two time scales is independent of both temperature and pressure. This observation is non-trivial and demonstrates the existence of specially simple molecular liquids in which different physical relaxation processes are both as function of temperature and pressure/density governed by the same underlying "inner clock." Furthermore, the results are discussed in terms of the recent conjecture that van der Waals liquids, like the measured liquid, comply to the isomorph theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Anita Roed
- DNRF Centre "Glass and Time," IMFUFA, Department of Sciences, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kristine Niss
- DNRF Centre "Glass and Time," IMFUFA, Department of Sciences, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Bo Jakobsen
- DNRF Centre "Glass and Time," IMFUFA, Department of Sciences, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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29
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Ngai KL. Interpreting the nonlinear dielectric response of glass-formers in terms of the coupling model. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:114502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4913980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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30
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Casalini R, Fragiadakis D, Roland CM. Dynamic correlation length scales under isochronal conditions. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:064504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4907371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Casalini
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Code 6120, Washington DC 20375-5342, USA
| | - D. Fragiadakis
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Code 6120, Washington DC 20375-5342, USA
| | - C. M. Roland
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Code 6120, Washington DC 20375-5342, USA
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31
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Bailey NP, Schrøder TB, Dyre JC. Variation of the dynamic susceptibility along an isochrone. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:042310. [PMID: 25375497 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.042310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Koperwas et al. showed in a recent paper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 125701 (2013)] that the dynamic susceptibility χ4 as estimated by dielectric measurements for certain glass-forming liquids decreases substantially with increasing pressure along a curve of constant relaxation time. This observation is at odds with other measures of dynamics being invariant and seems to pose a problem for theories of glass formation. We show that this variation is in fact consistent with predictions for liquids with hidden scale invariance: Measures of dynamics at constant volume are invariant along isochrones, called isomorphs in such liquids, but contributions to fluctuations from long-wavelength fluctuations can vary. This is related to the known noninvariance of the isothermal bulk modulus. Considering the version of χ4 defined for the NVT ensemble, data from simulations of a binary Lennard-Jones liquid show in fact a slight increase with increasing density. This is a true departure from the formal invariance expected for this quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Bailey
- DNRF Center "Glass and Time," IMFUFA, Department of Sciences, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas B Schrøder
- DNRF Center "Glass and Time," IMFUFA, Department of Sciences, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jeppe C Dyre
- DNRF Center "Glass and Time," IMFUFA, Department of Sciences, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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32
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Abstract
Recent developments show that many liquids and solids have an approximate "hidden" scale invariance that implies the existence of lines in the thermodynamic phase diagram, so-called isomorphs, along which structure and dynamics in properly reduced units are invariant to a good approximation. This means that the phase diagram becomes effectively one-dimensional with regard to several physical properties. Liquids and solids with isomorphs include most or all van der Waals bonded systems and metals, as well as weakly ionic or dipolar systems. On the other hand, systems with directional bonding (hydrogen bonds or covalent bonds) or strong Coulomb forces generally do not exhibit hidden scale invariance. The article reviews the theory behind this picture of condensed matter and the evidence for it coming from computer simulations and experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe C Dyre
- DNRF Center "Glass and Time", IMFUFA, Department of Sciences, Roskilde University , P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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33
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Ingebrigtsen TS, Veldhorst AA, Schrøder TB, Dyre JC. Communication: The Rosenfeld-Tarazona expression for liquids’ specific heat: A numerical investigation of eighteen systems. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:171101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4827865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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34
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Roed LA, Gundermann D, Dyre JC, Niss K. Communication: Two measures of isochronal superposition. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:101101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4821163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Casalini R, Roland CM. Density Scaling of the Structural and Johari–Goldstein Secondary Relaxations in Poly(methyl methacrylate). Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401210z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Casalini
- Naval Research Lab, Chemistry Division, Code 6120,
Washington, D.C. 20375-5342, United States
| | - C. M. Roland
- Naval Research Lab, Chemistry Division, Code 6120,
Washington, D.C. 20375-5342, United States
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36
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Effect of slight crosslinking on the mechanical relaxation behavior of poly(2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate) chains. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Johari GP, Khouri J. Non-exponential nature of calorimetric and other relaxations: Effects of 2 nm-size solutes, loss of translational diffusion, isomer specificity, and sample size. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:12A511. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4770056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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38
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39
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Hensel-Bielowka S, Sangoro JR, Wojnarowska Z, Hawelek L, Paluch M. The behavior and origin of the excess wing in DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9300-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50975c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Zardalidis G, Floudas G. Pressure Effects on the Dynamic Heterogeneity of Miscible Poly(vinyl acetate)/Poly(ethylene oxide) Blends. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Zardalidis
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, GR-45110 Ioannina,
Greece, and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Biomedical Research Institute (BRI), Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, GR-45110 Ioannina,
Greece, and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Biomedical Research Institute (BRI), Ioannina, Greece
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41
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Abstract
Isomorphs are curves in the phase diagram along which a number of static and dynamic quantities are invariant in reduced units (Gnan, N.; et al. J. Chem. Phys.2009, 131, 234504). A liquid has good isomorphs if and only if it is strongly correlating, i.e., if the equilibrium virial/potential energy fluctuations are more than 90% correlated in the NVT ensemble. Isomorphs were previously discussed with a focus on atomic systems. This paper generalizes isomorphs to liquids composed of rigid molecules and study the isomorphs of systems of small rigid molecules: the asymmetric dumbbell model, a symmetric inverse power-law dumbbell, and the Lewis-Wahnström o-terphenyl (OTP) model. For all model systems, the following quantities are found to a good approximation to be invariant along an isomorph: the isochoric heat capacity, the excess entropy, the reduced molecular center-of-mass self-part of the intermediate scattering function, and the reduced molecular center-of-mass radial distribution function. In agreement with theory, we also find that an instantaneous change of temperature and density from an equilibrated state point to an isomorphic state point leads to no relaxation. The isomorphs of the Lewis-Wahnström OTP model were found to be more approximative than those of the asymmetric dumbbell model; this is consistent with the OTP model being less strongly correlating. The asymmetric dumbbell and Lewis-Wahnström OTP models each have a "master isomorph"; i.e., the isomorphs have identical shape in the virial/potential energy phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond S Ingebrigtsen
- DNRF Centre Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Sciences, Roskilde University, Postbox 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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42
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Casalini R, Fragiadakis D, Roland CM. Relaxation Dynamics of Poly(methyl acrylate) at Elevated Pressure. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200892f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Casalini
- Chemistry Division, Code 6120, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C. 20375-5342, United States
| | - D. Fragiadakis
- Chemistry Division, Code 6120, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C. 20375-5342, United States
| | - C. M. Roland
- Chemistry Division, Code 6120, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C. 20375-5342, United States
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43
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Fragiadakis D, Urban S, Massalska-Arodz M, Bogoslovov RB, Czub J, Roland CM. Phase Diagram and Dynamics of the Liquid Crystal Isopentylcyanobiphenyl (5*CB). J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:6437-44. [PMID: 21539380 DOI: 10.1021/jp202017p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Fragiadakis
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375-5342, United States
| | - S. Urban
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - M. Massalska-Arodz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - R. B. Bogoslovov
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375-5342, United States
| | - J. Czub
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - C. M. Roland
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375-5342, United States
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44
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Roland CM, Fragiadakis D, Coslovich D, Capaccioli S, Ngai KL. Correlation of nonexponentiality with dynamic heterogeneity from four-point dynamic susceptibility χ4(t) and its approximation χT(t). J Chem Phys 2010; 133:124507. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3481355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Roland
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Code 6120, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342
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46
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Pawlus S, Mierzwa M, Paluch M, Rzoska SJ, Roland CM. Dielectric and mechanical relaxation in isooctylcyanobiphenyl (8*OCB). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:235101. [PMID: 21393760 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/23/235101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of isooctylcyanobiphenyl (8*OCB) was characterized using dielectric and mechanical spectroscopies. This isomer of the liquid crystalline octylcyanobiphenyl (8OCB) vitrifies during cooling or on application of pressure, exhibiting the typical features of glass-forming liquids: non-Debye relaxation function, non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of the relaxation times, τ(α), a dynamic crossover at T ∼ 1.6T(g). This crossover is evidenced by changes in the behavior of both the peak shape and the temperature dependence of τ(α). The primary relaxation time at the crossover, 2 ns at ambient pressure, is the smallest value reported to date for any molecular liquid or polymer. Interestingly, at all temperatures below this crossover, τ(α) and the dc conductivity remain coupled (i.e., conform to the Debye-Stokes-Einstein relation). Two secondary relaxations are observed in the glassy state, one of which is identified as the Johari-Goldstein process. Unlike the case for 8OCB, no liquid crystalline phase could be attained for 8*OCB, demonstrating that relatively small differences in chemical structure can effect substantial changes in the intermolecular potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pawlus
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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47
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Adrjanowicz K, Kaminski K, Wojnarowska Z, Dulski M, Hawelek L, Pawlus S, Paluch M, Sawicki W. Dielectric Relaxation and Crystallization Kinetics of Ibuprofen at Ambient and Elevated Pressure. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:6579-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jp910009b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Adrjanowicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - K. Kaminski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Z. Wojnarowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - M. Dulski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - L. Hawelek
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - S. Pawlus
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - M. Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - W. Sawicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdansk, Poland
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48
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Gnan N, Schrøder TB, Pedersen UR, Bailey NP, Dyre JC. Pressure-energy correlations in liquids. IV. "Isomorphs" in liquid phase diagrams. J Chem Phys 2010; 131:234504. [PMID: 20025332 DOI: 10.1063/1.3265957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper is the fourth in a series devoted to identifying and explaining the properties of strongly correlating liquids, i.e., liquids where virial and potential energy correlate better than 90% in their thermal equilibrium fluctuations in the NVT ensemble. For such liquids we here introduce the concept of "isomorphic" curves in the phase diagram. A number of thermodynamic, static, and dynamic isomorph invariants are identified. These include the excess entropy, the isochoric specific heat, reduced-unit static and dynamic correlation functions, as well as reduced-unit transport coefficients. The dynamic invariants apply for both Newtonian and Brownian dynamics. It is shown that after a jump between isomorphic state points the system is instantaneously in thermal equilibrium; consequences of this for generic aging experiments are discussed. Selected isomorph predictions are validated by computer simulations of the Kob-Andersen binary Lennard-Jones mixture, which is a strongly correlating liquid. The final section of the paper relates the isomorph concept to phenomenological melting rules, Rosenfeld's excess entropy scaling, Young and Andersen's approximate scaling principle, and the two-order parameter maps of Debenedetti and co-workers. This section also shows how the existence of isomorphs implies an "isomorph filter" for theories for the non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of viscous liquids' relaxation time, and it explains isochronal superposition for strongly correlating viscous liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Gnan
- DNRF Center Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Sciences, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Coslovich D, Roland CM. Density scaling in viscous liquids: From relaxation times to four-point susceptibilities. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:151103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3250938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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