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Tian Y, Cheng T, Yang D, Zheng R. An efficient error-correction model to investigate the rotational structure and microwave spectrum of Ar–AgF complex. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pan S, Jana G, Merino G, Chattaraj PK. Noble-Noble Strong Union: Gold at Its Best to Make a Bond with a Noble Gas Atom. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:173-187. [PMID: 30740292 PMCID: PMC6356865 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This Review presents the current status of the noble gas (Ng)‐noble metal chemistry, which began in 1977 with the detection of AuNe+ through mass spectroscopy and then grew from 2000 onwards; currently, the field is in a somewhat matured state. On one side, modern quantum chemistry is very effective in providing important insights into the structure, stability, and barrier for the decomposition of Ng compounds and, as a result, a plethora of viable Ng compounds have been predicted. On the other hand. experimental achievement also goes beyond microscopic detection and characterization through spectroscopic techniques and crystal structures at ambient temperature; for example, (AuXe4)2+(Sb2F11−)2 have also been obtained. The bonding between two noble elements of the periodic table can even reach the covalent limit. The relativistic effect makes gold a very special candidate to form a strong bond with Ng in comparison to copper and silver. Insertion compounds, which are metastable in nature, depending on their kinetic stability, display an even more fascinating bonding situation. The degree of covalency in Ng–M (M=noble metal) bonds of insertion compounds is far larger than that in non‐insertion compounds. In fact, in MNgCN (M=Cu, Ag, Au) molecules, the M−Ng and Ng−C bonds might be represented as classical 2c–2e σ bonds. Therefore, noble metals, particularly gold, provide the opportunity for experimental chemists to obtain sufficiently stable complexes with Ng at room temperature in order to characterize them by using experimental techniques and, with the intriguing bonding situation, to explore them with various computational tools from a theoretical perspective. This field is relatively young and, in the coming years, a lot of advancement is expected experimentally as well as theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Gourhari Jana
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73 Cordemex 97310 Mérida, Yuc. México
| | - Pratim K Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India.,Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
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Li ZZ, Li AY. Compounds with Rare Gas-Selenium/Tellurium Bonds: A Theoretical Investigation on FRgLF n and FRgLF n-1+ (Rg = Kr-Rn, L = Se and Te, n = 1, 3, and 5). J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5445-5454. [PMID: 29851479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new type of interesting insertion compounds FRgLF n (Rg = Kr-Rn, L = Se and Te, n = 1, 3 and 5) and ionic FRgLF n-1+ obtained through the insertion of a rare gas atom into the selenium fluorides and tellurium fluorides have been explored theoretically using MP2, CCSD(T), and PBE0 calculations. These predicted species were examined to present the optimized geometries, vibrational modes, molecular properties, thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities and bond nature. The optimized structures are without imaginary frequencies and metastable. In neutral FRgLF n, F-Rg bonds should be of ionic character with large dissociation energy ranging from 150-200 kcal mol-1 that could be best described by F-(RgLF n)+. Rg-L bonds have some covalent character with lower interaction energies within the range 25-40 kcal mol-1. In FRgL+ and FRgLF2+, the bonding nature of the F-Rg and Rg-L bonds are somewhat similar to that of the neutral compounds. In FRgLF4+, the F-Rg bond could be of partial covalent type but the Rg-L bond could be considered as an ionic bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhe Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , P.R.China
| | - An Yong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , P.R.China
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Ono Y, Yagi K, Takayanagi T, Taketsugu T. Fundamental peak disappears upon binding of a noble gas: a case of the vibrational spectrum of PtCO in an argon matrix. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3296-3302. [PMID: 29164202 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06713e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anharmonic vibrational state calculations were performed for PtCO and Ar-PtCO via the direct vibrational configuration interaction (VCI) method based on CCSD(T) energies and CCSD dipole moments at tens of thousands of grids, to get insights into the anomalous effect of a solid argon matrix on the vibrational spectra of PtCO. It was shown that, through the binding of Ar to PtCO via a strong van der Waals interaction, the Pt-C-O bending fundamental level drastically loses the infrared intensity although the corresponding overtone band shows a relatively large intensity. The origin of this phenomenon was analyzed based on the dipole moment surfaces and electron densities around the equilibrium structure. The present computations have solved the inconsistency between the gas-phase and the matrix-isolation experiments for PtCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Ono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
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Obenchain DA, Frank DS, Grubbs GS, Pickett HM, Novick SE. The covalent interaction between dihydrogen and gold: A rotational spectroscopic study of H 2-AuCl. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:204302. [PMID: 28571327 PMCID: PMC5648549 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pure rotational transitions of H2-AuCl have been measured using a pulsed-jet cavity Fourier transform microwave spectrometer equipped with a laser ablation source. The structure was found to be T-shaped, with the H-H bond interacting with the gold atom. Both 35Cl and 37Cl isotopologues have been measured for both ortho and para states of H2. Rotational constants, quartic centrifugal distortion constants, and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants for gold and chlorine have been determined. The use of the nuclear spin-nuclear spin interaction terms Daa, Dbb, and Dcc for H2 were required to fit the ortho state of hydrogen, as well as a nuclear-spin rotation constant Caa. The values of the nuclear quadrupole coupling constant of gold are χaa=-817.9929(35) MHz, χbb=504.0(27) MHz, and χcc=314.0(27). This is large compared to the eQq of AuCl, 9.63 312(13) MHz, which indicates a strong, covalent interaction between gold and dihydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Obenchain
- Department of Chemistry, Hall-Atwater Laboratories, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Ave., Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
| | - Derek S Frank
- Department of Chemistry, Hall-Atwater Laboratories, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Ave., Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
| | - G S Grubbs
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 W. 11th Street, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - Herbert M Pickett
- Department of Chemistry, Hall-Atwater Laboratories, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Ave., Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
| | - Stewart E Novick
- Department of Chemistry, Hall-Atwater Laboratories, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Ave., Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
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Grubbs GS, Obenchain DA, Pickett HM, Novick SE. H2—AgCl: A spectroscopic study of a dihydrogen complex. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:114306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4895904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. S. Grubbs
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 W. 11th St., Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - Daniel A. Obenchain
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Avenue, Middletown, Connecticut 06459-0180, USA
| | - Herbert M. Pickett
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Avenue, Middletown, Connecticut 06459-0180, USA
| | - Stewart E. Novick
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Avenue, Middletown, Connecticut 06459-0180, USA
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Cheng L, Stopkowicz S, Gauss J. Spin-free Dirac-Coulomb calculations augmented with a perturbative treatment of spin-orbit effects at the Hartree-Fock level. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:214114. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4832739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Zou W, Nori-Shargh D, Boggs JE. On the Covalent Character of Rare Gas Bonding Interactions: A New Kind of Weak Interaction. J Phys Chem A 2012; 117:207-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3104535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zou
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Chemistry and Biochemistry
Department, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165,
United States
| | - Davood Nori-Shargh
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Chemistry and Biochemistry
Department, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165,
United States
- Department of Chemistry, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
| | - James E. Boggs
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Chemistry and Biochemistry
Department, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165,
United States
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Wang X, Andrews L, Brosi F, Riedel S. Matrix Infrared Spectroscopy and Quantum-Chemical Calculations for the Coinage-Metal Fluorides: Comparisons of ArAuF, NeAuF, and Molecules MF2and MF3. Chemistry 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Uzunova EL, Mikosch H. Electronic Structure and Reactivity of Cobalt Oxide Dimers and Their Hexacarbonyl Complexes: A Density Functional Study. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:3295-303. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3006052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellie L. Uzunova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, bl. 11, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Hans Mikosch
- Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/E164/EC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
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Theoretical investigation of the noble gas molecular anions XAuNgX− and HAuNgX− (X = F, Cl, Br; Ng = Xe, Kr, Ar). Struct Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-012-9978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lai TY, Yang CY, Lin HJ, Yang CY, Hu WP. Benchmark of density functional theory methods on the prediction of bond energies and bond distances of noble-gas containing molecules. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:244110. [PMID: 21721615 DOI: 10.1063/1.3603455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have tested three pure density functional theory (DFT) functionals, BLYP, MPWPW91, MPWB95, and ten hybrid DFT functionals, B3LYP, B3P86, B98, MPW1B95, MPW1PW91, BMK, M05-2X, M06-2X, B2GP-PLYP, and DSD-BLYP with a series of commonly used basis sets on the performance of predicting the bond energies and bond distances of 31 small neutral noble-gas containing molecules. The reference structures were obtained using the CCSD(T)∕aug-cc-pVTZ theory and the reference energies were based on the calculation at the CCSD(T)∕CBS level. While in general the hybrid functionals performed significantly better than the pure functionals, our tests showed a range of performance by these hybrid functionals. For the bond energies, the MPW1B95∕6-311+G(2df,2pd), BMK∕aug-cc-pVTZ, B2GP-PLYP∕aug-cc-pVTZ, and DSD-BLYP∕aug-cc-pVTZ methods stood out with mean unsigned errors of 2.0-2.3 kcal∕mol per molecule. For the bond distances, the MPW1B95∕6-311+G(2df,2pd), MPW1PW91∕6-311+G(2df,2pd), and B3P86∕6-311+G(2df,2pd), DSD-BLYP∕6-311+G(2df,2pd), and DSD-BLYP∕aug-cc-pVTZ methods stood out with mean unsigned errors of 0.008-0.013 Å per bond. The current study showed that a careful selection of DFT functionals is very important in the study of noble-gas chemistry, and the most recommended methods are MPW1B95∕6-311+G(2df,2pd) and DSD-BLYP∕aug-cc-pVTZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Yuan Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
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Rodrigues EFF, de Sá EL, Haiduke RLA. Investigating the Nature of Noble Gas−Copper Bonds by the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:5222-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1011439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo F. F. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19081, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, and Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L. de Sá
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19081, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, and Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto L. A. Haiduke
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19081, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, and Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Evans CJ, Wright TG, Gardner AM. Geometries and Bond Energies of the He−MX, Ne−MX, and Ar−MX (M = Cu, Ag, Au; X = F, Cl) Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:4446-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jp912027y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey J. Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH United Kingdom,
| | - Timothy G. Wright
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian M. Gardner
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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18
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Xinying L, Senfeng W, Chengfang Z, Yongfang Z. Theoretical Investigation on Structures and Stabilities of CuXenZ (n = 1 - 3, Z = - 1, 0, +1) Clusters. Aust J Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The structures and stabilities of CuXe
n
Z
(n = 1–3, Z = –1, 0, +1) cluster series at the CCSD(T) theoretical level have been investigated. Herein, it is shown that the cations are more stable and have more compact geometries than the anions and neutrals. The role of the interaction is explained using the natural bond orbital, population, and electron density analysis.
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Thayer JS. Relativistic Effects and the Chemistry of the Heavier Main Group Elements. CHALLENGES AND ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Li X, Zhou C, Cao X, Zhao Y. Theoretical investigation of stabilities and interactions of AuNenZ(n= 1–3,Z= −1, 0, +1) clusters. Mol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970903386143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Zeng T, Fedorov DG, Klobukowski M. Model core potentials for studies of scalar-relativistic effects and spin-orbit coupling at Douglas–Kroll level. I. Theory and applications to Pb and Bi. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:124109. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3211955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Density functional study on rare gas-noble metal closed-shell interaction in XeMX (M = Au, Ag, Cu; X = F, Cl, Br) systems. Theor Chem Acc 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-009-0555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Mou CH, Witek HA. Theoretical study of noble-gas containing metal halides. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:244310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3043823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Zeng T, Klobukowski M. Relativistic Model Core Potential Study of the Au+Xe System. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:5236-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8012656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Mariusz Klobukowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Zhang PX, Zhao YF, Hao FY, Zhang GH, Song XD, Li XY. Bonding analysis for NgMOH (Ng=Ar, Kr and Xe; M=Cu and Ag). Mol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970802060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Belpassi L, Infante I, Tarantelli F, Visscher L. The chemical bond between Au(I) and the noble gases. Comparative study of NgAuF and NgAu+ (Ng = Ar, Kr, Xe) by density functional and coupled cluster methods. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:1048-60. [PMID: 18161976 DOI: 10.1021/ja0772647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nature of the chemical bond between gold and the noble gases in the simplest prototype of Au(I) complexes (NgAuF and NgAu+, where Ng = Ar, Kr, Xe), has been theoretically investigated by state of art all-electron fully relativistic DC-CCSD(T) and DFT calculations with extended basis sets. The main properties of the molecules, including dipole moments and polarizabilities, have been computed and a detailed study of the electron density changes upon formation of the Ng-Au bond has been made. The Ar-Au dissociation energy is found to be nearly the same in both Argon compounds. It almost doubles along the NgAuF series and nearly triples in the corresponding NgAu+ series. The formation of the Ng-Au(I) bonds is accompanied by a large and very complex charge redistribution pattern which not only affects the outer valence region but reaches deep into the core-electron region. The charge transfer from the noble gas to Au taking place in the NgAu+ systems is largely reduced in the fluorides but the Ng-Au chemical bond in the latter systems is found to be tighter near the equilibrium distance. The density difference analysis shows, for all three noble gases, a qualitatively identical nature of the Ng-Au bond, characterized by the pronounced charge accumulation in the middle of the Ng-Au internuclear region which is typical of a covalent bond. This bonding density accumulation is more pronounced in the fluorides, where the Au-F bond is found to become more ionic, while the overall density deformation is more evident and less localized in the NgAu+ systems. Accurate density difference maps and charge-transfer curves help explain very subtle features of the chemistry of Au(I), including its peculiar preference for tight linear bicordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Belpassi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e I.S.T.M.-C.N.R., Universita' di Perugia, Italy.
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Jayasekharan T, Ghanty TK. Significant increase in the stability of rare gas hydrides on insertion of beryllium atom. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:114314. [PMID: 17887844 DOI: 10.1063/1.2768936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical binding between a rare gas atom with other elements leading to the formation of stable chemical compounds has received considerable attention in recent years. With an intention to predict highly stable novel rare gas compounds, the process of insertion of beryllium atom into rare gas hydrides (HRgF with Rg=Ar, Kr, and Xe) has been investigated, which leads to the prediction of HBeRgF species. The structures, energetic, and charge distributions have been obtained using MP2, density functional theory, and CCSD(T) methods. Analogous to the well-known rare gas hydrides, HBeRgF species are found to be metastable in nature; however, the stabilization energy of the newly predicted species has been calculated to be significantly higher than that of HRgF species. Particularly, for HBeArF molecule, it has been found to be an order of magnitude higher. Strong chemical binding between beryllium and rare gas atom has also been found in the HBeArF, HBeKrF, and HBXeF molecules. In fact, the basis set superposition error and zero-point energy corrected Be-Ar bond energy calculated using CCSD(T) method has been found to be 112 kJ/mol, which is the highest bond energy ever achieved for a bond involving an argon atom in any chemically bound neutral species. Vibrational analysis reveals a large blueshift (approximately 200 cm(-1)) of the H-Be stretching frequency in HBeRgF with respect to that in BeH and HBeF species. This feature may be used to characterize these species after their preparation by the laser ablation of Be metal along with the photolysis of HF precursor in a suitable rare gas matrix. An analysis of the nature of interactions involved in the present systems has been performed using theory of atoms in molecules (AIM). Geometric as well as energetic considerations along with the AIM results suggest a substantial covalent nature of Be-Rg bond in these systems. Thus, insertion of a suitable metal atom into rare gas hydrides is a promising way to energetically stabilize the HRgX species, which eventually leads to the formation of a new class of insertion compounds, viz., rare gas metallohydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jayasekharan
- Spectroscopy Division, Physics Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
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Taketsugu Y, Taketsugu T, Noro T. Theoretical prediction of noble-gas compounds: Ng-Pd-Ng and Ng-Pt-Ng. J Chem Phys 2007; 125:154308. [PMID: 17059256 DOI: 10.1063/1.2358356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Following our recent study on Ng-Pt-Ng (Ng=Ar,Kr,Xe) [J. Chem. Phys. 123, 204321 (2005)], the binding of noble-gas atoms with Pd atom has been investigated by the ab initio coupled cluster CCSD(T) method with counterpoise corrections, including relativistic effects. It is shown that two Ng atoms bind with Pd atom in linear geometry due to the s-d(sigma) hybridization in Pd where the second Ng atom attaches with much larger binding energy than the first. The binding energies are evaluated as 4.0, 10.2, and 21.5 kcalmol for Ar-Pd-Ar, Kr-Pd-Kr, and Xe-Pd-Xe, respectively, relative to the dissociation limit, Pd ((1)S)+2Ng. In the hybrid Ng complexes, the binding energies for XePd and Ng (=Ar,Kr) are evaluated as 4.0 and 6.9 kcalmol for XePd-Ar and XePd-Kr, respectively. The fundamental frequencies and low-lying vibrational-rotational energy levels are determined for each compound by the variational method, based on the three-dimensional near-equilibrium potential energy surface. Results of vibrational-rotational analyses for Ng-Pt-Ng (Ng=Ar,Kr,Xe) and Xe-Pt-Ng (Ng=He,Ne,Ar,Kr) compounds are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Taketsugu
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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Abstract
In this critical review I describe fascinating experimental and theoretical advances in 'noble gas' chemistry during the last twenty years, and have taken a somewhat unexpected course since 2000. I also highlight perspectives for further development in this field, including the prospective synthesis of compounds containing as yet unknown Xe-element and element-Xe-element bridging bonds, peroxide species containing Xe, adducts of XeF(2) with various metal fluorides, Xe-element alloys, and novel pressure-stabilized covalently bound and host-guest compounds of Xe. A substantial part of the essay is devoted to the-as yet experimentally unexplored-behaviour of the compounds of Xe under high pressure. The blend of science, history, and theoretical predictions, will be valued by inorganic and organic chemists, materials scientists, and the community of theoretical and experimental high-pressure physicists and chemists (151 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Grochala
- Laboratory of Technology of Novel Functional Materials, Interdisciplinary Center for Mathematical and Computational Modeling, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02106 Warsaw, Poland
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Jayasekharan T, Ghanty TK. Insertion of rare gas atoms into BF3 and AlF3 molecules: an ab initio investigation. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:234106. [PMID: 17190546 DOI: 10.1063/1.2404662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure, stability, charge redistribution, and harmonic vibrational frequencies of rare gas inserted group III-B fluorides with the general formula F-Rg-MF(2) (where M=B and Al; Rg=Ar, Kr, and Xe) have been investigated using ab initio quantum chemical methods. The Rg atom is inserted in one of the M-F bond of MF(3) molecules, and the geometries are optimized for ground as well as transition states using the MP2 method. It has been found that Rg inserted F-Rg-M portion is linear in both F-Rg-BF(2) and F-Rg-AlF(2) species. The binding energies corresponding to the lowest energy fragmentation products MF(3)+Rg (two-body dissociation) have been computed to be -670.4, -598.8, -530.7, -617.0, -562.1, and -494.0 kJmol for F-Ar-BF(2), F-Kr-BF(2), F-Xe-BF(2), F-Ar-AlF(2), F-Kr-AlF(2), and F-Xe-AlF(2) species, respectively. The dissociation energies corresponding to MF(2)+Rg+F fragments (three-body dissociation) are found to be positive with respect to F-Rg-MF(2) species, and the computed values are 56.3, 127.8, and 196.0 kJmol for F-Ar-BF(2), F-Kr-BF(2), and F-Xe-BF(2) species, respectively. The corresponding values for F-Ar-AlF(2), F-Kr-AlF(2), and F-Xe-AlF(2) species are also found to be positive. The decomposition of F-Rg-MF(2) species into the MF(3)+Rg (two-body dissociation) channel typically proceeds via a transition state involving F-Rg-M out-of-plane bending mode. The transition state barrier heights are 35.5, 62.7, 89.8, 22.0, 45.6, and 75.3 kJmol for F-Ar-BF(2), F-Kr-BF(2), F-Xe-BF(2), F-Ar-AlF(2), F-Kr-AlF(2), and F-Xe-AlF(2) species, respectively. The calculated geometrical parameters and the energy values suggest that these species are metastable and may be prepared and characterized using low temperature matrix isolation techniques, and are possibly the next new candidates for gas phase or matrix experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jayasekharan
- Spectroscopy Division, Physics Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
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Lantto P, Vaara J. Calculations of nuclear quadrupole coupling in noble gas–noble metal fluorides: Interplay of relativistic and electron correlation effects. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:174315. [PMID: 17100447 DOI: 10.1063/1.2363371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear quadrupole coupling constants (NQCCs) of noble gas and noble metal nuclei in the recently found noble gas-noble metal fluorides (NgMF, where Ng=Ar,Kr,Xe and M=Cu,Ag,Au) are obtained theoretically by high-level ab initio calculations, where both relativistic and electron correlation effects are included, and compared to experimental results. Fully relativistic four-component Dirac-Hartree-Fock (DHF) calculations are carried out at the basis set limit for electric field gradient that couples with the electric quadrupole moment of the nucleus, and uncorrelated relativistic effects are extracted by comparing DHF results to nonrelativistic (NR) HF calculations. Electron correlation effects are investigated both at fully relativistic second-order Moller-Plesset (DMP2) and at NR MP2 levels of theory, as well as at the NR coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbational triples [CCSD(T)] level. The validity of the approximation where relativistic effects, on the one hand, and nonrelativistically obtained correlation effects, on the other hand, are evaluated separately and assumed to be additive, is investigated by comparison with the DMP2 results. Inclusion of relativistic effects is shown to be necessary for obtaining the correct NQCC trends as the nucleus of interest and/or its neighbors become heavier. Electron correlation treatment is needed for approaching quantitative agreement with the experimental NQCCs. The assumption of additive electron correlation and relativistic effects, corresponding to the NR correlation treatment added on top of relativistic DHF data, gives qualitatively correct noble gas NQCCs. For noble metal NQCCs, correlation treatment at the relativistic level of theory is mandatory for reaching agreement with experimental results. Current work also confirms the experimental trends of NQCCs, which have been taken as an indication of nearly covalent interaction between noble gas and noble metal in the heaviest present systems, especially in XeAuF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perttu Lantto
- NMR Research Group, Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
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34
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Michaud JM, Gerry MCL. XeCu Covalent Bonding in XeCuF and XeCuCl, Characterized by Fourier Transform Microwave Spectroscopy Supported by Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:7613-21. [PMID: 16756318 DOI: 10.1021/ja060745q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
XeCu covalent bonding has been found in the complexes XeCuF and XeCuCl. The molecules were characterized by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy, supported by MP2 ab initio calculations. The complexes were prepared by laser ablation of Cu in the presence of Xe and SF(6) or Cl(2) and stabilized in supersonic jets of Ar. The rotational constants and centrifugal distortion constants show the XeCu bonds to be short and rigid. The (131)Xe, Cu, and Cl nuclear quadrupole coupling constants indicate major redistributions of the electron densities of Xe and CuF or CuCl on complex formation which cannot be accounted for by simple electrostatic effects. The MP2 calculations corroborate the XeCu bond lengths and predict XeCu dissociation energies approximately 50-60 kJ mol(-)(1). The latter cannot be accounted for in terms of induction energies. The MP2 calculations also predict valence molecular orbitals with significant shared electron density between Xe and Cu and negative local energy densities at the XeCu bond critical points. All evidence is consistent with XeCu covalent bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Michaud
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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35
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Ghanty TK. How strong is the interaction between a noble gas atom and a noble metal atom in the insertion compounds MNgF (M=Cu and Ag, and Ng=Ar, Kr, and Xe)? J Chem Phys 2006; 124:124304. [PMID: 16599671 DOI: 10.1063/1.2173991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ab initio molecular orbital calculations have been carried out to investigate the structure and the stability of noble gas insertion compounds of the type MNgF (M=Cu and Ag, and Ng=Ar, Kr, and Xe) through second order Moller-Plesset perturbation method. All the species are found to have a linear structure with a noble gas-noble metal bond, the distance of which is closer to the respective covalent bond length in comparison with the relevant van der Waals limit. The dissociation energies corresponding to the lowest energy fragmentation products, MF+Ng, have been found to be in the range of -231 to -398 kJ/mol. The respective barrier heights pertinent to the bent transition states (M-Ng-F bending mode) are quite high for the CuXeF and AgXeF species, although for the Ar and Kr containing species the same are rather low. Nevertheless the M-Ng bond length in MNgF compounds reported here is the smallest M-Ng bond ever predicted through any experimental or theoretical investigation, indicating strongest M-Ng interaction. All these species (except AgArF) are found to be metastable in their respective potential energy surface, and the dissociation energies corresponding to the M+Ng+F fragments have been calculated to be 30.1-155.3 kJ/mol. Indeed, in the present work we have demonstrated that the noble metal-noble gas interaction strength in MNgF species (with M=Cu and Ag, and Ng=Kr and Xe) is much stronger than that in NgMF systems. Bader's [Atoms in molecules-A Quantum Theory (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1990)] topological theory of atoms in molecules (AIM) has been employed to explore the nature of interactions involved in these systems. Geometric as well as energetic considerations along with AIM results suggest a partial covalent nature of M-Ng bonds in these systems. The present results strengthen our earlier work and further support the proposition on the possibility of experimental identification of this new class of insertion compounds of noble gas atoms containing noble gas-noble metal bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K Ghanty
- Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.
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Ono Y, Taketsugu T, Noro T. Theoretical study of Pt–Ng and Ng–Pt–Ng (Ng=Ar,Kr,Xe). J Chem Phys 2005; 123:204321. [PMID: 16351270 DOI: 10.1063/1.2130337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the binding of noble-gas (Ng) atoms (Ng=Ar,Kr,Xe) with Pt atom by the ab initio coupled-cluster CCSD(T) method, taking into account the relativistic effects. It is shown that two Ng atoms can bind with Pt atom in linear geometry in the singlet lowest state where the second Ng atom attaches to Pt with the larger binding energy than the first Ng atom. The binding energy is evaluated as 8.2, 17.9, and 33.4 kcal/mol for Ar-Pt-Ar, Kr-Pt-Kr, and Xe-Pt-Xe, respectively, relative to the triplet ground state of the dissociation limit Pt ((3)D)+2Ng. The present results indicate that these Ng-Pt-Ng compounds are possible new gas-phase or matrix species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Ono
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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37
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Wen Q, Jäger W. Microwave spectra of the Xe–N2 van der Waals complex: A comparison of experiment and theory. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:214310. [PMID: 15974741 DOI: 10.1063/1.1925274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotational transitions for the Xe-N2 complex were measured in the frequency region from 4 to 18 GHz using a pulsed-nozzle Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. Twelve (four) a-type transitions were recorded for the 132Xe-14N2 and 129Xe-14N2 (131Xe-15N)) isotopomers. In addition, the nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structures due to the presence of the 14N (nuclear-spin quantum number I=1) and 131Xe (I=32) nuclei were detected and analyzed. Two ab initio potential-energy surfaces were calculated at the coupled-cluster level of theory with single, double, and pertubatively included triple excitations. Dunning's augmented correlation-consistent polarized valence triple-zeta basis set was used for the nitrogen atoms. For the first surface, a well-tempered basis set with additional polarization functions was used for the Xe atom; for the second surface, a newly developed augmented correlation-consistent polarized valence quintuple-zeta basis set employing small-core relativistic pseudopotentials was used for the Xe atom. The basis sets were supplemented with bond functions for the van der Waals bond. The counterpoise correction was applied to reduce the basis-set superposition error. The resulting two surfaces both have a single minimum at a T-shaped geometry, with well depths of 122.4 and 119.3 cm(-1), respectively. Bound-state energies supported by the potential-energy surface were determined. The quality of the ab initio potential-energy surfaces was evaluated by comparison of the experimental transition frequencies and rotational and centrifugal distortion constants with those derived from the bound-state energies. A scaled potential-energy surface was obtained which has excellent agreement with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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38
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Abstract
XeAuF has been detected and characterized using microwave rotational spectroscopy. It was prepared by laser ablation of Au in the presence of Xe and SF(6), and stabilized in a supersonic jet of Ar. The spectrum was measured with a cavity pulsed jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometer, in the frequency range 6-26 GHz. Rotational constants, centrifugal distortion constants, and (131)Xe and (197)Au nuclear quadrupole coupling constants have been evaluated. The molecule is linear, with a short XeAu bond (2.54 A), and is rigid. The (131)Xe nuclear quadrupole coupling constant (NQCC) is large (-135 MHz). The (197)Au NQCC differs radically from that of uncomplexed AuF. The results are supported by those of ab initio calculations which have given an XeAu dissociation energy approximately 100 kJ mol(-1), plus Mulliken and natural bond orbital populations, MOLDEN plots of valence orbitals, and an energy density distribution. All evidence is consistent with XeAu covalent bonding in XeAuF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Cooke
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z1.
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39
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Lovallo CC, Klobukowski M. Improved model core potentials for the second- and third-row transition metals. J Comput Chem 2004; 25:1206-13. [PMID: 15116363 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
New nonrelativistic and scalar-relativistic pseudopotentials for the second- and third-row transition metals have been developed. These improved Model Core Potentials were used in calculations for a variety of transition metal complexes to test their ability to reproduce experimental structures and vibrational frequencies.
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Ono
- Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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41
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Michaud JM, Cooke SA, Gerry MCL. Rotational Spectra, Structures, Hyperfine Constants, and the Nature of the Bonding of KrCuF and KrCuCl. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:3871-81. [PMID: 15206868 DOI: 10.1021/ic040009s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rotational spectra of KrCuF and KrCuCl have been measured in the frequency range 8-18 GHz, using a pulsed jet cavity Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The molecules were prepared by ablating Cu metal with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) and allowing the plasma to react with appropriate precursors (Kr plus SF(6) or Cl(2)) contained in the backing gas of the jet (Ar or Kr). Rotational constants, internuclear distances, vibration frequencies, and (83)Kr, Cu, and Cl nuclear quadrupole coupling constants have all been evaluated. The Kr-Cu bonds are short and the complexes are rigid. The (83)Kr coupling constant of KrCuF is large (128.8 MHz). The Cu nuclear quadrupole coupling constants differ radically from those of uncomplexed CuF and CuCl molecules. The results are supported by those of ab initio calculations, which have also yielded Mulliken populations, MOLDEN plots of valence molecular orbitals and Laplace concentrations, and electron localization functions. The results are consistent with those reported earlier for other noble gas-noble metal halide complexes. The results have been used to assess the nature of the bonding in the complexes and have produced good evidence for weak noble gas-noble metal chemical bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Michaud
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z1
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Abstract
It is shown that NiN(2) and noble gas atoms, Ar, Ne, and He, combine with the binding energy of 11.52, 4.06, and 7.37 kcal/mol, respectively, by the multireference perturbational (CASPT2) method. By the density functional theory calculations using MPWPW91 functionals, the Ni-N-N bending frequency in NiN(2) and Ar-NiN(2) is estimated as 310.7 and 358.7 cm(-1), respectively, the latter of which is in good agreement with the corresponding experimental frequency, 357.0 cm(-1), determined for NiN(2) isolated in solid argon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Ono
- Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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Thomas JM, Walker NR, Cooke SA, Gerry MCL. Microwave Spectra and Structures of KrAuF, KrAgF, and KrAgBr; 83Kr Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling and the Nature of Noble Gas−Noble Metal Halide Bonding. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:1235-46. [PMID: 14746496 DOI: 10.1021/ja0304300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microwave spectra of the complexes KrAuF and KrAgBr have been measured for the first time using a cavity pulsed jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The samples were prepared by laser ablation of the metal from its solid and allowing the resulting plasma to react with an appropriate precursor (Kr, plus SF6 or Br2) contained in the backing gas of the jet (usually Ar). Rotational constants; geometries; centrifugal distortion constants; vibration frequencies; and 197Au, 79Br, and 81Br nuclear quadrupole coupling constants have all been evaluated. The complexes are unusually rigid and have short Kr-Au and Kr-Ag bonds. The 197Au nuclear quadrupole coupling constant differs radically from its value in an AuF monomer. In addition 83Kr hyperfine structure has been measured for KrAuF and the previously reported complex KrAgF. The geometry of the latter has been reevaluated. Large values for the 83Kr nuclear quadrupole coupling constants have been found for both complexes. Both the 197Au and 83Kr hyperfine constants indicate a large reorganization of the electron distribution on complex formation. A thorough assessment of the nature of the noble gas-noble metal bonding in these and related complexes (NgMX; Ng is a noble gas, M is a noble metal, and X is a halogen) has been carried out. The bond lengths are compared with sums of standard atomic and ionic radii. Ab initio calculations have produced dissociation energies along with Mulliken populations and other data on the electron distributions in the complexes. The origins of the rigidity, dissociation energies, and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants are considered. It is concluded that there is strong evidence for weak noble gas-noble metal chemical bonding in the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
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Cooke SA, Gerry MCL. Insights into the xenon–silver halide interaction from a rotational spectroscopic study of XeAgF and XeAgCl. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b404953p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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