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Pal R, Chattaraj PK. Electrophilicity index revisited. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:278-297. [PMID: 35546516 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to be a comprehensive, authoritative, critical, and accessible review of general interest to the chemistry community; because the electrophilicity index is a very useful global reactivity descriptor defined within a conceptual density functional theory framework. Our group has also introduced electrophilicity based new global and local reactivity descriptors and also new associated electronic structure principles, which are important indicators of structure, stability, bonding, reactivity, interactions, and dynamics in a wide variety of physico-chemical systems and processes. This index along with its local counterpart augmented by the associated electronic structure principles could properly explain molecular vibrations, internal rotations and various types of chemical reactions. The concept of the electrophilicity index has been extended to dynamical processes, excited states, confined environment, spin-dependent and temperature-dependent situations, biological activity, site selectivity, aromaticity, charge removal and acceptance, presence of external perturbation through solvents, external electric and magnetic fields, and so forth. Although electrophilicity and its local variant can adequately interpret the behavior of a wide variety of systems and different physico-chemical processes involving them, their predictive potential remains to be explored. An exhaustive review on all these aspects will set the tone of the future research in that direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranita Pal
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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2
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Nguyen TD, Wu CG. Non-classical Design of High-Efficiency Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- The-Duy Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for New Generation Photovoltaics; National Central University; Jhong-Li 32001 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Guey Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for New Generation Photovoltaics; National Central University; Jhong-Li 32001 Taiwan, ROC
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Labat F, Ciofini I, Adamo C. Revisiting the importance of dye binding mode in dye-sensitized solar cells: a periodic viewpoint. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31119d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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Labat F, Ciofini I, Hratchian HP, Frisch M, Raghavachari K, Adamo C. First Principles Modeling of Eosin-Loaded ZnO Films: A Step toward the Understanding of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Performances. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:14290-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja902833s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Labat
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie, Chimie des Interfaces et Modélisation pour l’Energie, CNRS UMR-7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France, Gaussian, Inc., 340 Quinnipiac Street, Building 40, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie, Chimie des Interfaces et Modélisation pour l’Energie, CNRS UMR-7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France, Gaussian, Inc., 340 Quinnipiac Street, Building 40, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Hrant P. Hratchian
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie, Chimie des Interfaces et Modélisation pour l’Energie, CNRS UMR-7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France, Gaussian, Inc., 340 Quinnipiac Street, Building 40, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Mike Frisch
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie, Chimie des Interfaces et Modélisation pour l’Energie, CNRS UMR-7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France, Gaussian, Inc., 340 Quinnipiac Street, Building 40, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie, Chimie des Interfaces et Modélisation pour l’Energie, CNRS UMR-7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France, Gaussian, Inc., 340 Quinnipiac Street, Building 40, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Carlo Adamo
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie, Chimie des Interfaces et Modélisation pour l’Energie, CNRS UMR-7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France, Gaussian, Inc., 340 Quinnipiac Street, Building 40, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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Hazebroucq S, Labat F, Lincot D, Adamo C. Theoretical Insights on the Electronic Properties of Eosin Y, an Organic Dye for Photovoltaic Applications. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:7264-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8011624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Hazebroucq
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et de Chimie Analytique, CNRS-UMR 7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Frédéric Labat
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et de Chimie Analytique, CNRS-UMR 7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Daniel Lincot
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et de Chimie Analytique, CNRS-UMR 7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Carlo Adamo
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et de Chimie Analytique, CNRS-UMR 7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Fodor L, Lendvay G, Horváth A. Solvent Dependence of Absorption and Emission Spectra of Ru(bpy)2(CN)2: Experiment and Explanation Based on Electronic Structure Theory. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:12891-900. [DOI: 10.1021/jp075615y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lajos Fodor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Pannonia, H-8201 Veszprém, P.O. Box 158, Hungary, Institute of Structural Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, P.O. Box 17, Hungary
| | - György Lendvay
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Pannonia, H-8201 Veszprém, P.O. Box 158, Hungary, Institute of Structural Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, P.O. Box 17, Hungary
| | - Attila Horváth
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Pannonia, H-8201 Veszprém, P.O. Box 158, Hungary, Institute of Structural Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, P.O. Box 17, Hungary
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, IndiaThis is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in 2006 (Chattaraj, P. K.; Sarkar, U.; Roy, D. R. Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 2065). Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Debesh Ranjan Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, IndiaThis is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in 2006 (Chattaraj, P. K.; Sarkar, U.; Roy, D. R. Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 2065). Updates to the text appear in red type
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Persson P, Lundqvist MJ. Calculated structural and electronic interactions of the ruthenium dye N3 with a titanium dioxide nanocrystal. J Phys Chem B 2007; 109:11918-24. [PMID: 16852468 DOI: 10.1021/jp050513y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structural and electronic properties of a small anatase TiO2 nanocrystal sensitized by the ruthenium dye N3 (Ru(4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine)2(NCS)2) have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) with support from Hartree-Fock (HF) and time dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations. Significant structural adjustments of both the dye and the nanocrystal are predicted to be induced by the strain imposed by the simultaneous formation of multiple dye-surface bonds. Electronic properties of the combined dye-nanocrystal system have also been calculated, including information about interfacial orbital mixing and the lowest excited singlet states. Ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer processes across the dye-nanoparticle interface in dye-sensitized solar cells are finally discussed in view of estimated electronic coupling strengths. The calculations predict injection times on the order of 10 fs for MLCT excitations to the ligand pi* levels that interact most strongly with the TiO2 conduction band, and an order of magnitude increase in the injection times for excitations to dye levels with poor spatial or energetic overlaps with the substrate conduction band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Persson
- Department of Quantum Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 518, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Ghosh S, Chaitanya GK, Bhanuprakash K, Nazeeruddin MK, Grätzel M, Reddy PY. Electronic Structures and Absorption Spectra of Linkage Isomers of Trithiocyanato (4,4‘,4‘ ‘-Tricarboxy-2,2‘:6,2‘ ‘-terpyridine) Ruthenium(II) Complexes: A DFT Study. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:7600-11. [PMID: 16961351 DOI: 10.1021/ic051851g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Black dye (BD), isomer 1 ([Ru(II)(H3-tctpy)(NCS)3](-1), where H3-tctpy = 4,4',4' '-tricarboxy-2,2':6,2' '-terpyridine) is known to be an excellent sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells and exhibits a very good near-IR photo response, compared to other ruthenium dyes. Because isothiocyanate is a linear ambidentate ligand, BD has three other linkage isomers, [Ru(H3-tctpy)(NCS)2(SCN)](-1), isomer 2 and 2', and [Ru(H3-tctpy))(SCN)3](-1), isomer 3. In this study, we have calculated the geometry of BD and its isomers by DFT. Further, we have analyzed the bonding in these isomers using NBO methods. TDDFT calculations combined with scalar relativistic zero-order regular approximations (SR-ZORA) have been carried out to simulate the absorption spectra. Calculations have been performed for the isomers both in vacuo and in solvent (ethanol). The inclusion of the solvent is found to be important to obtain spectra in good agreement with the experiment. The first absorption bands are dominated by the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Ghosh
- Inorganic Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
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