1
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Wang K, Zhang Y, Wang C, Zhao J, Liu L, Chen J, Wang Y. Discovery of a series of silicon-based ferrimagnets in CrMnSi n (n = 4-20) clusters. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:446-453. [PMID: 37942818 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the structural evolution, electronic and magnetic properties of silicon clusters with two different dopants, CrMnSin (n = 4-20) clusters were investigated at density functional theory (DFT) level. Small-sized CrMnSin (n = 4-9) clusters tend to adopt bipyramid-based geometries, while clusters with sizes n = 10 and 11 prefer to opening cage-like structures. For sizes n = 12 to 14, the half-encapsulated structures gradually transform into closed-cage Cr@Sin structures, with the Mn atom exposed outside. Starting from size 15, both the Cr and Mn atoms are completely encapsulated by silicon atoms. Meanwhile, the Cr and Mn atoms in smaller-sized CrMnSin (n = 4-7) clusters tend to be separated, while they prefer to stay together for larger sizes. Cr atom always acts as electron donor, but not for Mn atom. From the average binding energies, one can conclude that it is easier to form larger size clusters. Smaller and larger sized CrMnSin (n = 4-9 and 19-20) clusters prefer to exhibit ferromagnetic Cr-Mn coupling, while sizes n = 10-18 always exhibit ferrimagnetic state. To our knowledge, the CrMnSin clusters is the first kind of neutral transition-metal doped semiconductor clusters that show ferrimagnetic state within a wide size range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Chaoyong Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Le Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Jiaye Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Yarui Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
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2
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Xie B, Wang HQ, Li HF, Zhang JM, Zeng JK, Mei XJ, Zhang YH, Zheng H, Qin LX. Making Sense of the Growth Behavior of Ultra-High Magnetic Gd 2-Doped Silicon Clusters. Molecules 2023; 28:5071. [PMID: 37446733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth behavior, stability, electronic and magnetic properties of the Gd2Sin- (n = 3-12) clusters are reported, which are investigated using density functional theory calculations combined with the Saunders 'Kick' and the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm. The lowest-lying structures of Gd2Sin- (n = 3-12) are all exohedral structures with two Gd atoms face-capping the Sin frameworks. Results show that the pentagonal bipyramid (PB) shape is the basic framework for the nascent growth process of the present clusters, and forming the PB structure begins with n = 5. The Gd2Si5- is the potential magic cluster due to significantly higher average binding energies and second order difference energies, which can also be further verified by localized orbital locator and adaptive natural density partitioning methods. Moreover, the localized f-electron can be observed by natural atomic orbital analysis, implying that these electrons are not affected by the pure silicon atoms and scarcely participate in bonding. Hence, the implantation of these elements into a silicon substrate could present a potential alternative strategy for designing and synthesizing rare earth magnetic silicon-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Xie
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Huai-Qian Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Hui-Fang Li
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Jia-Ming Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jin-Kun Zeng
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xun-Jie Mei
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Yong-Hang Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lan-Xin Qin
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
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3
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Xie B, Wang HQ, Li HF, Zeng JK. Structural and electronic properties of Ln2Si6q: (Sm, Eu, Yb; q = 0, −1) clusters. Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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4
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Lu QH, Lu J, Li XJ. Structural evolution and electronic properties of neutral and anionic TiASi l (A = Sc, Ti; l ≤ 12): relatively stable TiASi 4 as a structural unit. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:529-539. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04925b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular orbitals (MO) and the HOMO–LUMO energy gaps (HLgs) of neutral TiASi4 clusters (A = Sc, Ti).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Biomass-Energy Conversion, Baotou 014010, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Biomass-Energy Conversion, Baotou 014010, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- School of Science, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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5
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Wang K, Yin GJ, Jia ZZ, Miao L, Moro R, von Issendorff B, Ma L. Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory study of TM 2Si n- (TM = V, Cr; n = 14-20) clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18321-18330. [PMID: 35880636 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01649d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the structural evolution and electronic properties of medium-sized silicon cluster anions doped with two transition metal atoms, TM2Sin- (TM = V, Cr; n = 14-20), by using mass-selective anion photoelectron spectroscopy combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Putative ground state structures of these clusters were obtained by using a genetic algorithm coupled with the DFT calculations. It was found that the two TM atoms tend to form a TM-TM bond, which - except for V2Si19- - is shorter than the nearest neighbour distance in the crystalline state of the respective metals. The V2Sin- clusters with n = 14 to 17 exhibit structures based on a silicon hexagonal antiprism, while the larger ones exhibit more fullerene-like cage structures. Cr2Sin- clusters follow the same trend, although with a silicon hexagonal prism structure for n = 14 and 15, and the transition to fullerene-like structures occurring at n = 17. Among these clusters, TM2Si18- have the largest average binding energy and second order differences in energy, therefore the highest relative stability. All of the clusters possess total magnetic moment of 1 μB, but with very different contributions from the doped TM atoms. Especially in the Cr doped clusters there is a tendency towards an anitiferromagnetic arrangement of the magnetic moments of the two Cr atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Guang-Jia Yin
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ze-Zhao Jia
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Lin Miao
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ramiro Moro
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Bernd von Issendorff
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Freiburg, H. Herderstr. 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lei Ma
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
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6
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Wang K, Zhao HY, Miao L, Jia ZZ, Yin GJ, Zhu XD, Moro R, von Issendorff B, Ma L. Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Density Functional Investigation of the Structural Evolution, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of CrSi n- ( n = 14-18) Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1329-1335. [PMID: 35175756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c09557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CrSin- (n = 14-18) cluster anions have been investigated by a combination of photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and first-principles calculations. The lowest-lying structures of the clusters have been determined by a global minimum search based on the genetic algorithm, combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The simulated PES spectra of the lowest-energy isomers are in agreement with the experimental results, which gives strong evidence that the correct structures have been found. While sizes n = 14 and n = 15 prefer cage-like structures based on multi-center bonding within the cage, the larger sizes adopt structures based on fullerene-type cages around the Cr atom, with the additional atoms attached to the cage surface. A Hirshfeld analysis shows that the Cr atoms act as electron donors in all clusters, thus enhancing the electron count in the cage. It also reveals that the magnetic moment of 1μB shown by all clusters is mainly contributed by the Cr atom. One interesting exception is size 17, where the Cr atom contributes a small moment antiparallel to that of the silicon cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Zhao
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lin Miao
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ze-Zhao Jia
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guang-Jia Yin
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhu
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ramiro Moro
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bernd von Issendorff
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Freiburg, H. Herderstr. 3. D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lei Ma
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
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7
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Dai WS, Yang B, Yan ST, Xu HG, Xu XL, Zheng WJ. Structural and Electronic Properties of LaSi n-/0 ( n = 2-6) Clusters: Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Density Functional Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10557-10567. [PMID: 34870422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structures and electronic properties of LaSin- (n = 2-6) anions and their neutral counterparts were investigated by anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The vertical detachment energies of the most stable structures of LaSin- (n = 2-6) were measured to be 1.28, 1.58, 2.30, 2.05, and 2.91 eV, respectively. The lowest-energy isomer of LaSi2- is an isosceles triangle with a C2v symmetry. For LaSi3-6- clusters, the most stable isomers are polyhedrons with La atom face-capping the Sin frameworks. The lowest-energy structures of neutral LaSi2,4,5 clusters are similar to their anionic counterparts. The most stable isomer of neutral LaSi3 is a planar structure with C2v symmetry, which is different from the triangular pyramid structure of LaSi3- anion. The lowest-energy isomer of LaSi6- is a C5v symmetric pentagonal bipyramid structure, while for neutral LaSi6 cluster, the C5v structure is not the most stable one. The natural population analysis showed that there is electron transfer from La atoms to Si atoms in LaSin-/0 (n = 2-6). The ZZ tensor component in isochemical shielding surfaces and the anisotropy of the induced current density analyses indicate that the most stable isomer of LaSi6- has aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shuai Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Shuai-Ting Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Geometric and electronic structures of CrSi−/0/+ (n = 1–3) clusters from DMRG-CASPT2 calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Tran VT. Electronic States of CoSi n-/0/+ ( n = 1-3) Clusters from Density Matrix Renormalization Group-CASPT2 Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5800-5810. [PMID: 34180239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Density matrix renormalization group-CASPT2 (DMRG-CASPT2), CASPT2, and density functional theory are employed to describe the complicated geometrical and electronic structures of CoSin-/0/+ (n = 1-3) clusters. The active spaces of DMRG-CASPT2 are extended to 23 orbitals. The DMRG-CASPT2 method with such large active spaces is reasonable to provide highly accurate relative energies of the electronic states. The pure BP86, PBE, and TPSS functionals appear to be suitable to compute the relative energies of the electronic states of cobalt-doped silicon clusters. The leading configurations, bond distances, vibrational frequencies, normal modes, and relative energies of the electronic states are reported. The electron detachment energies of the removals of one electron from the anionic and neutral clusters are estimated. All six bands in the photoelectron spectrum of CoSi3- are interpreted based on the computed electron detachment energies and Franck-Condon factor simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Tan Tran
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Division, Dong Thap University, 783-Pham Huu Lau, Cao Lanh City, Dong Thap, Vietnam
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qiuying Du
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Center for Informatics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, U. P., India
- Dr. Vijay Kumar Foundation, 1969 Sector 4, Gurgaon 122001, Haryana, India
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11
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Lu SJ, Wu YF. The aromatic fullerene-like silicon cage with 12 Si5 pentagons stabilized by a V3 unit. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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13
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Fan YW, Wang HQ, Li HF. The stability, electronic, and magnetic properties of rare-earth doped silicon-based clusters. J Mol Model 2019; 25:221. [PMID: 31302782 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The rare-earth doped silicon-based clusters exhibit remarkable structural, physical, and chemical properties, which make them attractive candidates as building units in designing of cluster-based materials with special optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. The structural, stability, electronic, and magnetic properties of pure silicon Sin + 1 (n = 1-9) and rare-earth doped clusters SinEu (n = 1-9) are investigated using the "stochastic kicking" (SK) global search technique combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It was found that: 1) the ground state structures of pure silicon clusters tend to form compact structures rather than cages with the increase of cluster size; 2) the ground state structures for doped species were found to be additional or substitutional sites, and the rare-earth atoms tend to locate on the surface of the silicon clusters; 3) the average binding energy of the doped clusters increased gradually and exhibited the final phenomenon of saturation with the increase of clusters size. The average binding energy of doped clusters was slightly higher than that of pure silicon clusters of the same size, which indicated that the rare-earth atom encapsulated by silicon enhanced the stability of the silicon clusters to some degree; 4) the doped clusters have strong total magnetic moments, which mainly originated from the contribution of rare-earth atoms, whereas the contribution of silicon atoms were almost negligible. As the cluster size increased, the total magnetic moments of binary mixed clusters tended to be stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Fan
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Huai-Qian Wang
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, China.
| | - Hui-Fang Li
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, China
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14
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Wilson RJ, Lichtenberger N, Weinert B, Dehnen S. Intermetalloid and Heterometallic Clusters Combining p-Block (Semi)Metals with d- or f-Block Metals. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8506-8554. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Wilson
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Weinert
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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15
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Theoretical Study on the Growth Behavior and Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Lanthanum-Doped Silicon Clusters LaSi
n
0/−
(n = 6–20). J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Fernandes GFS, Pinheiro Júnior M, Machado FBC, Ferrão LFA. Stability and Reactivity of Silicon Magic Numbers Doped with Aluminum and Phosphorus Atoms. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:247-256. [PMID: 30514087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The progressive scaling down of the silicon-based electronics has allowed to develop devices at nanometer scale, requiring new engineering techniques guided by fundamental chemical and physical concepts. Particularly, the nanostructured cluster systems are promising materials since their physical-chemical properties are sensitive to its shape, size, and chemical components, such that completely different materials can be produced by the simple addition or removal of a single atom. These size-tunable properties can open a new area in materials science and engineering. In the present work, quantum chemical methods were used to study the chemical substitution effects caused by subvalent (aluminum) and supervalent (phosphorus) atoms in the physical-chemical properties of some small silicon clusters, which demonstrate high stability, called magic numbers. The changes in the electronic structure and chemical acceptance to the dopants were evaluated with respect to ionization potential, electronic excitation energy, stability, and reactivity parameters. Taken together, these results enable to identify the most stable silicon-doped clusters. Regarding electrophilic reactions, Si10P is the most favorable system, while for nucleophilic reactions, none of the doped clusters resulted in higher stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel F S Fernandes
- Departamento de Química , Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica , São José dos Campos , SP 12228-900 , Brasil
| | - Max Pinheiro Júnior
- Departamento de Química , Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica , São José dos Campos , SP 12228-900 , Brasil
| | - Francisco B C Machado
- Departamento de Química , Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica , São José dos Campos , SP 12228-900 , Brasil
| | - Luiz F A Ferrão
- Departamento de Química , Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica , São José dos Campos , SP 12228-900 , Brasil
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17
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Yang B, Xu XL, Xu HG, Farooq U, Zheng WJ. Structural evolution and electronic properties of CoSin− (n = 3–12) clusters: mass-selected anion photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:6207-6215. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07734g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations show that CoSi10− has the highest vertical detachment energy among all the CoSin− (n = 3–12) clusters, implying CoSi10− has special stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Umar Farooq
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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18
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Structure and bonding in endohedral transition metal clusters. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Wu X, Zhou S, Huang X, Chen M, Bruce King R, Zhao J. Revisit of large-gap Si 16 clusters encapsulating group-IV metal atoms (Ti, Zr, Hf). J Comput Chem 2018; 39:2268-2272. [PMID: 30277594 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Doped clusters by Si16 cage encapsulating group-IV metal atoms (M@Si16 , M = Ti, Zr and Hf) are computationally investigated by both density functional theory (DFT) and high-level CCSD(T) method. Their low-energy structures are globally searched using a genetic algorithm based on DFT. The ground state structures of neutral and anionic M@Si16 are determined by calculating the vertical and adiabatic detachment energies and comparing them with the experimental data. For neutral Ti@Si16 , the Frank-Kasper (FK) deltahedron with T d symmetry and distorted FK isomer with C3v symmetry are nearly degenerate as the ground state and may coexist in laboratory, while the distorted FK isomer is the most probable structure for Ti@Si16 - anion. For neutral and anionic Zr@Si16 and Hf@Si16 clusters, the ground states at finite temperatures up to 300 K are the fullerene-like D 4d bitruncated square trapezohedron. These theoretical results establish a more complete picture for the most stable structures of M@Si16 clusters, which possess large gaps and may serve as building blocks for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Maodu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - R Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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20
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Wu X, Liang X, Du Q, Zhao J, Chen M, Lin M, Wang J, Yin G, Ma L, King RB, von Issendorff B. Medium-sized [Formula: see text] (n = 14-20) clusters: a combined study of photoelectron spectroscopy and DFT calculations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:354002. [PMID: 30051877 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aad65a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Size-selected anionic silicon clusters, [Formula: see text] (n = 14-20), have been investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Low-energy structures of the clusters are globally searched for by using a genetic algorithm based on DFT calculations. The electronic density of states and vertical detachment energies have been simulated by using ten DFT functionals and compared to the experimental results. We systematically evaluated the DFT functionals for the calculation of the energetics of silicon clusters. CCSD(T) single-point energies based on MP2 optimized geometries for selected isomers of [Formula: see text] are also used as benchmark for the energy sequence. The HSE06 functional with aug-cc-pVDZ basis set is found to show the best performance. Our global minimum search corroborates that most of the lowest-energy structures of [Formula: see text] (n = 14-20) clusters can be derived from assembling tricapped trigonal prisms in various ways. For most sizes previous structures are confirmed, whereas for [Formula: see text] a new structure has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
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21
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Lu SJ, Wu LS, Lin F. Probing the structures and properties of Ti2Si20−/0 clusters by density functional theory calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Tsunoyama H, Shibuta M, Nakaya M, Eguchi T, Nakajima A. Synthesis and Characterization of Metal-Encapsulating Si 16 Cage Superatoms. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1735-1745. [PMID: 29715011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanoclusters, aggregates of several to hundreds of atoms, have been one of the central issues of nanomaterials sciences owing to their unique structures and properties, which could be found neither in nanoparticles with several nanometer diameters nor in organometallic complexes. Along with the chemical nature of each element, properties of nanoclusters change dramatically with size parameters, making nanoclusters strong potential candidates for future tailor-made materials; these nanoclusters are expected to have attractive properties such as redox activity, catalysis, and magnetism. Alloying of nanoclusters additionally gives designer functionality by fine control of their electronic structures in addition to size parameters. Among binary nanoclusters, binary cage superatoms (BCSs) composed of transition metal (M) encapsulating silicon cages, M@Si16, have unique cage structures of 16 silicon atoms, which have not been found in elemental silicon nanoclusters, organosilicon compounds, and silicon based clathrates. The unique composition of these BCSs originates from the simultaneous satisfaction of geometric and electronic shell-closings in terms of cage geometry and valence electron filling, where a total of 68 valence electrons occupy the superatomic orbitals of (1S)2(1P)6(1D)10(1F)14(2S)2(1G)18(2P)6(2D)10 for M = group 4 elements in neutral ground state. The most important issue for M@Si16 BCSs is fine-tuning of their characters by replacement of the central metal atoms, M, based on one-by-one adjustment of valence electron counts in the same structure framework of Si16 cage; the replacement of M yields a series of M@Si16 BCSs, based on their superatomic characteristics. So far, despite these unique features probed in the gas-phase molecular beam and predicted by quantum chemical calculations, M@Si16 have not yet been isolated. In this Account, we have focused on recent advances in synthesis and characterizations of M@Si16 BCSs (M = Ti and Ta). A series of M@Si16 BCSs (M = groups 3 to 5) was found in gas-phase molecular beam experiments by photoelectron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry: formation of halogen-, rare-gas-, and alkali-like superatoms was identified through one-by-one tuning of number of total valence electrons. Toward future functional materials in the solid state, we have developed an intensive, size-selected nanocluster source based on high-power impulse magnetron sputtering coupled with a mass spectrometer and a soft-landing apparatus. With scanning probe microscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy, the structure of surface-immobilized BCSs has been elucidated; BCSs can be dispersed in an isolated form using C60 fullerene decoration of the substrate. The intensive nanocluster source also enables the synthesis of BCSs in the 100-mg scale by coupling with a direct liquid-embedded trapping method into organic dispersants, enabling their structure characterization as a highly symmetric "metal-encapsulating tetrahedral silicon-cage" (METS) structure with Frank-Kasper geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Tsunoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibuta
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS), Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masato Nakaya
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Eguchi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS), Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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23
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Jin X, Arcisauskaite V, McGrady JE. The structural landscape in 14-vertex clusters of silicon, M@Si 14: when two bonding paradigms collide. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:11636-11644. [PMID: 28832066 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02257c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The structural chemistry of the title clusters has been the source of controversy in the computational literature because the identity of the most stable structure appears to be pathologically dependent on the chosen theoretical model. The candidate structures include a D3h-symmetric 'fullerene-like' isomer with 3-connected vertices (A), an 'arachno' architecture (B) and an octahedral isomer with high vertex connectivities typical of 'closo' electron-deficient clusters (C). The key to understanding these apparently very different structures is the fact that they make use of the limited electron density available from the endohedral metal in very different ways. Early in the transition series the favoured structure is the one that maximises transfer of electron density from the electropositive metal to the cage whereas for later metals it is the one that minimises repulsions with the increasingly core-like d electrons. The varying role of the d electrons across the transition series leads directly to strong functional dependency, and hence to the controversy in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
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24
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Tran VT, Tran XMT, Nguyen MT, Nguyen HT, Tran QT. A new interpretation of the photoelectron spectrum of VSi 4 − cluster by density functional theory and multiconfigurational CASSCF/CASPT2 calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Hou L, Yang J, Liu Y. Reexamination of structures, stabilities, and electronic properties of holmium-doped silicon clusters HoSi n (n = 12–20). J Mol Model 2016; 22:193. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Tran VT, Tran QT. Quantum Chemical Study of the Low-Lying Electronic States of VSi3–/0 Clusters and Interpretation of the Anion Photoelectron Spectrum. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:5950-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Van Tan Tran
- Theoretical and
Physical
Chemistry Division, Dong Thap University, 783-Pham Huu Lau, Ward 6, Cao Lanh City, Dong Thap, Vietnam
| | - Quoc Tri Tran
- Theoretical and
Physical
Chemistry Division, Dong Thap University, 783-Pham Huu Lau, Ward 6, Cao Lanh City, Dong Thap, Vietnam
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27
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Electronic and stability characters of endohedral Zn@Sin and exohedral SinHn (n = 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) fullerenes: A DFT approach. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Tran QT, Tran VT. Quantum chemical study of the geometrical and electronic structures of ScSi3−/0 clusters and assignment of the anion photoelectron spectra. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:214305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4953082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Tri Tran
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Division, Dong Thap University, 783-Pham Huu Lau, Cao Lanh City, Ward 6, Dong Thap, VietNam
| | - Van Tan Tran
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Division, Dong Thap University, 783-Pham Huu Lau, Cao Lanh City, Ward 6, Dong Thap, VietNam
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29
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Li X, Claes P, Haertelt M, Lievens P, Janssens E, Fielicke A. Structural determination of niobium-doped silicon clusters by far-infrared spectroscopy and theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:6291-300. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07298k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structures of niobium doped silicon cluster cations are determined by a combination of infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Xi'an University
- Xi'an 710065
- P. R. China
| | - Pieterjan Claes
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Marko Haertelt
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Peter Lievens
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - André Fielicke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
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30
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Hang TD, Hung HM, Nguyen MT. Structural assignment, and electronic and magnetic properties of lanthanide metal doped silicon heptamers Si7M0/− with M = Pr, Gd and Ho. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:31054-31063. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05570b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ground state geometries of neutral and anionic lanthanide-metal-doped silicon clusters Si7M0/− with M = Pr, Gd and Ho were determined by quantum chemical (DFT) computations and the previous experimental photoelectron spectra were assigned.
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31
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Ji XX, Li J, Wang C, Zhang S, Lu C, Li GQ. Geometries, stabilities and electronic properties of small-sized Pd 2-doped Si n( n= 1–11) clusters. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Xie X, Hao D, Yang J. Ytterbium doped silicon clusters YbSi (n= 4–10) and their anions: Structures, thermochemistry, and electron affinities. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Xu W, Ji WX, Xiao Y, Wang SG. Stable structures of LnSi6− and LnSi6 clusters (Ln=Pr, Eu, Gd, Tb, Yb), C2v or C5v? Explanation of photoelectron spectra. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Wu JH, Liu CX, Wang P, Zhang S, Yang G, Lu C. Structures, Stabilities, and Electronic Properties of Small-Sized Zr2Si
n
(n=1–11) Clusters: A Density Functional Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/zna-2015-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Ab initio methods based on density functional theory at B3LYP level have been applied in investigating the equilibrium geometries, growth patterns, relative stabilities, and electronic properties of Zr2-doped Si
n
clusters. The optimisation results shown that the lowest-energy configurations for Zr2Si
n
clusters do not keep the corresponding silicon framework unchanged, which reflects that the doped Zr atoms dramatically affect the most stable structures of the Si
n
clusters. By analysing the relative stabilities, it is found that the doping of zirconium atoms reduces the chemical stabilities of silicon host. The Zr2Si4 and Zr2Si7 clusters are the magic numbers. The natural population and natural electronic configuration analyses indicated that the Zr atoms possess positive charge for n=1–6 and negative charge for n=7–11. In addition, the chemical hardness, chemical potential, infrared, and Raman spectra are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-He Wu
- Henan Institute of Education, Department of Physics, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chang-Xin Liu
- Henan Institute of Education, Department of Physics, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Physics, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Gui Yang
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Physics, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
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35
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Europium-doped silicon clusters EuSi n (n = 3–11) and their anions: structures, thermochemistry, electron affinities, and magnetic moments. Theor Chem Acc 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-015-1684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Structures, stabilities, and electronic properties of the neutral and anionic Si n Sm λ (n = 1–9, λ = 0, −1) clusters: comparison with pure silicon clusters. Theor Chem Acc 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-015-1623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Theoretical prediction of maximum capacity of C80 and Si80 fullerenes for noble gas storage. J Mol Graph Model 2014; 54:32-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Lu J, Yang J, Xing Z, Ning H. Study on structures and electronic properties of neutral and anionic TiSin(0,-1)(n = 1–8) clusters using G4 theory. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633614500382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The geometries, electronic structures and energies of small TiSi n species (n = 1–8) and their anions were systematically investigated by G4 theory. The ground-state structures of these clusters are presented herein. For neutral TiSi n (n = 1–8), the spin multiplicities of the ground-state structures are singlet, with the exception of n = 2, which exists in a triplet state. For anionic TiSi n-, the spin multiplicities of the ground-state structures are doublet, with the exception of n = 2, which is quartet. The adiabatic electron affinities for TiSi n are estimated to be 1.31 eV ( TiSi ), 1.46 eV ( TiSi 2), 1.53 eV ( TiSi 3), 1.71 eV ( TiSi 4), 2.06 eV ( TiSi 5), 2.16 eV ( TiSi 6), 2.20 eV ( TiSi 7) and 2.39 eV ( TiSi 8). In comparison with the available experimental data, the calculated adiabatic electron affinities differ from experimental values by an average absolute deviation of only 0.03 eV. Additionally, the dissociation energies of Ti atoms from TiSi n, and Si atoms from TiSi n and Si n clusters are estimated to examine relative stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, P. R. China
- Baotou Light Industry Vocational Technical College, Baotou 014035, P. R. China
| | - Jucai Yang
- Baotou Light Industry Vocational Technical College, Baotou 014035, P. R. China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, P. R. China
| | - Zhifei Xing
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Ning
- School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, P. R. China
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39
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Anafcheh M, Ghafouri R. Exploring Electronic Properties of Si 20-nH 20-nP nHeterofullerenes ( N= 1, 2, 5, and 10) Based on NMR and NBO Analysis: A DFT Study. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2013.787997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Manjanath A, Kumar V, Singh AK. Mechanical and electronic properties of pristine and Ni-doped Si, Ge, and Sn sheets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:1667-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54655a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Wang HQ, Li HF. A combined stochastic search and density functional theory study on the neutral and charged silicon-based clusters MSi6 (M = La, Ce, Yb and Lu). RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03788j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structures and simulated photoelectron spectra of MSi6− (M = La, Ce, Yb and Lu).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui-Fang Li
- College of Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Quanzhou, China
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42
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43
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Ma W, Chen F. Electronic, magnetic and optical properties of Cu, Ag, Au-doped Si clusters. J Mol Model 2013; 19:4555-60. [PMID: 23955703 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The structural, optical and magnetic properties of Cu, Ag, Au-doped Si7 Clusters have been systematically investigated using density functional theory calculations. The global optimized structures of Cu, Ag, Au-doped Si clusters are predicted to have a lower HOMO-LUMO gap and higher magnetic moment. M-doping (M = Cu, Ag, Au) in Si cluster widens a range of adsorption wavelength, especially Au-doping. The characteristics in electronic density of states (DOSs) show that C5v-Si6Cu has a big asymmetrical spin-up and spin-down. The average atomic moment is 0.428 mμB per atom for the Si6Cu cluster with C5v symmetry, while the average paramagnetic moment is 0.143 mμB per atom for other M-doped (M = Cu, Ag, Au) Si7 clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, Shaanxi, 710072, China,
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44
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Kong XY, Deng XJ, Xu HG, Yang Z, Xu XL, Zheng WJ. Photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional calculations of AgSin− (n = 3–12) clusters. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:244312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4811659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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45
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Krämer T, Duckworth JCA, Ingram MD, Zhou B, McGrady JE, Goicoechea JM. Structural trends in ten-vertex endohedral clusters, M@E(10) and the synthesis of a new member of the family, [Fe@Sn10]3-. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:12120-9. [PMID: 23629541 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50643f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new endohedral ten-vertex Zintl ion cluster, [Fe@Sn10](3-), isoelectronic with [Fe@Ge10](3-), is reported. In an attempt to place this new cluster within the context of the known structural chemistry of the M@E10 family (M = transition metal, E = main group element), we have carried out a detailed electronic structure analysis of the different structural types: viz bicapped square antiprismatic ([Ni@Pb10](2-), [Zn@In10](8-)), tetra-capped trigonal prismatic ([Ni@In10](10-)) and the remarkable pentagonal prismatic [Fe@Ge10](3-) and [Co@Ge10](3-). We establish that the structural trends can be interpreted in terms of a continuum of effective electron counts at the E10 cage, ranging from electron deficient (<4n + 2) in [Ni@In10](10-) to highly electron rich (>4n + 2) in [Fe@Ge10](3-). The effective electron count differs from the total valence electron count in that it factors in the increasingly active role of the metal d electrons towards the left of the transition series. The preference for a pentagonal prismatic geometry in [Fe@Ge10](3-) emerges as a natural consequence of backbonding to the cage from four orthogonal 3d orbitals of the low-valent metal ion. Our calculations suggest that the new [Fe@Sn10](3-) cluster should also exhibit structural consequences of backbonding from the metal to the cage, albeit to a less extreme degree than in its Ge analogue. The global minimum lies on a very flat surface connecting D4d, C2v and C3v-symmetric minima, suggesting a very plastic structure that may be easily deformed by the surrounding crystal environment. If so, then this provides a new and quite distinct structural type for the M@E10 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Krämer
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK
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46
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Nakajima A. Study on Electronic Properties of Composite Clusters toward Nanoscale Functional Advanced Materials. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20120298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
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47
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Gunaratne KDD, Berkdemir C, Harmon CL, Castleman AW. Probing the valence orbitals of transition metal-silicon diatomic anions: ZrSi, NbSi, MoSi, PdSi and WSi. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:6068-79. [PMID: 23493900 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44473b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Evolution of electronic properties and the nature of bonding of the 4d-transition metal silicides (ZrSi, NbSi, MoSi and PdSi) are discussed, revealing interesting trends in the transition metal-silicon interactions across the period. The electronic properties of select transition metal silicide diatomics have been determined by anion photoelectron imaging spectroscopy and theoretical methods. The electron binding energy spectra and photoelectron angular distributions obtained by 2.33 eV (532 nm) photons have revealed the distinct features of these diatomics. The theoretical calculations were performed at the density functional theory (DFT) level using the unrestricted B3LYP hybrid functional and at the ab initio unrestricted coupled cluster singles and doubles (triplets) (UCCSD(T)) methods to assign the ground electronic states of the neutral and anionic diatomics. The excited electronic states were calculated by the DFT (TD-DFT)/UB3LYP method. We have observed that the valence molecular orbital configuration of the ZrSi and NbSi anions are significantly different from that of the MoSi and PdSi anions. By combining our experimental and theoretical results, we report that the composition of the highest occupied molecular orbitals shift from a majority of transition metal s- and d-orbital contribution in ZrSi and NbSi, to mainly silicon p-orbital contribution for MoSi and PdSi. We expect these observed atomic scale transition metal-silicon interactions to be of increasing importance with the miniaturization of devices approaching the sub-nanometer size regime.
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Bonding properties and isomeric conversion pathways of singlet BeSi4 clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bonding properties and isomeric conversion pathways from exohedral to endohedral BeGe8 clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Guo L, Zheng X, Zeng Z, Zhang C. Spin orbital effect in lanthanides doped silicon cage clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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