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Xiao M, Tang X, Shi X, Zhang C. Indirect photodegradation of sulfadimidine and sulfapyridine: Influence of CDOM components and main seawater factors. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 333:138821. [PMID: 37149098 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the indirect photodegradation of sulfadimidine (SM2) and sulfapyridine (SP) in the presence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and studied the influences of main marine factors (salinity, pH, NO3- and HCO3-). Reactive intermediate (RI) trapping experiments demonstrated that triplet CDOM (3CDOM*) played a major role in the photodegradation of SM2 with a 58% photolysis contribution, and the contributions to the photolysis of SP were 32%, 34% and 34% for 3CDOM*, hydroxyl radical (HO·) and singlet oxygen (1O2), respectively. Among the four CDOMs, JKHA, with the highest fluorescence efficiency, exhibited the fastest rate of SM2 and SP photolysis. The CDOMs were composed of one autochthonous humus (C1) and two allochthonous humus (C2 and C3). C3, with the strongest fluorescence intensity, had the strongest capacity to generate RIs and accounted for approximately 22%, 11%, 9% and 38% of the total fluorescence intensity of SRHA, SRFA, SRNOM and JKHA, respectively, indicating the predominance of CDOM fluorescent components in the indirect photodegradation of SM2 and SP. These results demonstrated the photolysis mechanism: The photosensitization of CDOM occurred after its fluorescence intensity decreased, and a large number of RIs (3CDOM*, HO· and 1O2, etc.) were generated by energy and electron transfer, then these RIs reacted with SM2 and SP to cause photolysis. The increase in salinity stimulated the photolysis of SM2 and SP consecutively. The photodegradation rate of SM2 first increased and then decreased with increasing pH, whereas the photolysis of SP was remarkably promoted by high pH but remained stable at low pH. NO3- and HCO3- had little effect on the indirect photodegradation of SM2 and SP. This research may contribute to a better understanding of the fate of SM2 and SP in the ocean and provide new insights into the transformation of other sulfonamides (SAs) in marine ecological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Xinyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Beijing, 100194, China.
| | - Chuansong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266100, PR China.
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Kao MH, Orr-Ewing AJ. Charge-Separated Reactive Intermediates from the UV Photodissociation of Chlorobenzene in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6934-6943. [PMID: 36148486 PMCID: PMC9549464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Although ultraviolet
(UV)-induced photochemical cleavage of carbon–halogen
bonds in gaseous halocarbons is mostly homolytic, the photolysis of
chlorobenzene in solution has been proposed to produce a phenyl cation,
c-C6H5+, which is a highly reactive
intermediate of potential use in chemical synthesis and N2 activation. Any evidence for such a route to phenyl cations is indirect,
with uncertainty remaining about the possible mechanism. Here, ultrafast
transient absorption spectroscopy of UV-excited (λ = 240 and
270 nm) chlorobenzene solutions in fluorinated (perfluorohexane) and
protic (ethanol and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol) solvents reveals a broad
electronic absorption band centered at 540 nm that is assigned to
an isomer of chlorobenzene with both charge-separated and triplet-spin
carbene character. This spectroscopic feature is weaker, or absent,
when experiments are conducted in cyclohexane. The intermediate isomer
of chlorobenzene has a solvent-dependent lifetime of 30–110
ps, determined by reaction with the solvent or quenching to a lower-lying
singlet state. Evidence is presented for dissociation to ortho-benzyne, but the intermediate could also be a precursor to phenyl
cation formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hsien Kao
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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Tang X, Cui Z, Bai Y, Su R. Indirect photodegradation of sulfathiazole and sulfamerazine: Influence of the CDOM components and seawater factors (salinity, pH, nitrate and bicarbonate). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141762. [PMID: 32877789 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides (SAs) are ubiquitous antibiotics that are increasingly detected in the aquatic environment, and may cause potential harm to the environment and humans. Indirect photodegradation has been considered to be a promising natural degradation process for antibiotics in the environment. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is an important participant in the indirect photodegradation of antibiotics. Indirect photodegradation of sulfathiazole (ST) and sulfamerazine (SM) were studied in the presence of CDOM and marine factors (salinity, pH, nitrate (NO3-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-)) to simulate photodegradation of these compounds in the coastal seawater environment. The main findings are as follows. First, the indirect photodegradation rates of ST and SM in the presence of CDOM were significantly increased and followed the pseudofirst order kinetics. Second, 1O2 played a critical role in the indirect photodegradation of ST and its contribution rate was 54.2%; 3CDOM⁎ performed similarly in the case of SM with a 58.0% contribution rate. Third, CDOM was divided into four fluorescent components by excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC), including three exogenous components and an autochthonous component. The exogenous components with high molecular weight and higher number of aromatic groups played a decisive role in the indirect photodegradation of ST and SM due to their ability to generate higher levels of reactive intermediates (RIs). Finally, seawater factors (salinity, pH, NO3- and HCO3-) influenced the indirect photodegradation of ST and SM by influencing the steady-state concentrations of RIs. This report is the first study of indirect photodegradation of ST and SM from the perspective of the CDOM components and simulated coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tang
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhengguo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Rongguo Su
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Bai Y, Zhou Y, Che X, Li C, Cui Z, Su R, Qu K. Indirect photodegradation of sulfadiazine in the presence of DOM: Effects of DOM components and main seawater constituents. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115689. [PMID: 33069046 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in coastal waters has caused concern over the past decade. Sulfadiazine (SD) is a very common antibiotic widely used as human and fishery medicine, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a significant role in the indirect photodegradation of SD; however, the influence of DOM compositions on SD indirect photodegradation is poorly understood. The roles of reactive intermediates (RIs) in the indirect photolysis of SD were assessed in this study. The reactive triplet states of DOM (3DOM∗) played a major role, whereas HO· and 1O2 played insignificant roles. DOM was divided into four components using excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis. The components included three allochthonous humic-like components and one autochthonous humic-like component. The allochthonous humic-like components contributed more to RIs generation and SD indirect photolysis than the autochthonous humic-like component. A significant relationship between the indirect photodegradation of SD and the decay of DOM fluorescent components was found (correlation coefficient, 0.99), and the different indirect photodegradation of SD in various DOM solutions might be ascribed to the different components of DOM. The indirect photolysis rate of SD first increased and then decreased with increasing pH. SD photolysis was enhanced by low salinity but remained stable at high salinity. The increased carbonate concentration inhibited SD photolysis, whereas nitrate showed almost no effect in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yanlei Zhou
- Jimo Comprehensive Inspection and Testing Center, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Xiaowei Che
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Conghe Li
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zhengguo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Rongguo Su
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Keming Qu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Bai Y, Cui Z, Su R, Qu K. Influence of DOM components, salinity, pH, nitrate, and bicarbonate on the indirect photodegradation of acetaminophen in simulated coastal waters. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 205:108-117. [PMID: 29689524 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The indirect photodegradation behaviors of acetaminophen (APAP) were investigated in the presence of four kinds of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and were also assessed in the presence of seawater components and conditions such as salinity, pH, nitrate and bicarbonate. The results showed three important findings: firstly, in the indirect photolysis of APAP, the contributions of 3DOM*, ·OH and 1O2 were >85.0%, 2.3-9.9% and 0.8-2.6% at pH 8.0. Secondly, DOM was divided into four terrestrial humic-like components by Excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). This study showed a good linearity between DOM fluorescence components and the indirect photodegradation of APAP (R2 = 0.92) and the differences in photodegradation rates of APAP among various DOM solutions were due to the diverse compositions of DOM. Finally, salinity was an important factor influencing the removal of APAP, and the APAP photodegradation rate constants increased from (3.33 ± 0.07) × 10-5 s-1 to (1.25 ± 0.05) × 10-4 s-1 with increasing salinity. The increased pseudo-first-order rate constants for photolysis of APAP with increasing salinity, pH and nitrate were attributed to the enhanced generation of reactive intermediates (RI) and easier reactions between RI and APAP. The increased APAP removal rate constant with increasing bicarbonate was likely ascribed to the yield of ∙CO3-. This is the first report of the roles of DOM components and salinity on the indirect photolysis of APAP. These findings would be essential to predict the photochemical fate of APAP and would also allow for a better understanding of the environmental fate of other phenolic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhengguo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Rongguo Su
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Keming Qu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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6
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Mostofa KMG, Liu CQ, Sakugawa H, Vione D, Minakata D, Saquib M, Mottaleb MA. Photoinduced Generation of Hydroxyl Radical in Natural Waters. PHOTOBIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC MATTER 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-32223-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Mostofa KMG, Liu CQ, Minakata D, Wu F, Vione D, Mottaleb MA, Yoshioka T, Sakugawa H. Photoinduced and Microbial Degradation of Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters. PHOTOBIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC MATTER 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-32223-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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8
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Mostofa KMG, Liu CQ, Sakugawa H, Vione D, Minakata D, Wu F. Photoinduced and Microbial Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide and Organic Peroxides in Natural Waters. PHOTOBIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC MATTER 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-32223-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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9
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Mostofa KMG, Liu CQ, Yoshioka T, Vione D, Zhang Y, Sakugawa H. Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters. PHOTOBIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC MATTER 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-32223-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Mostofa KMG, Liu CQ, Feng X, Yoshioka T, Vione D, Pan X, Wu F. Complexation of Dissolved Organic Matter with Trace Metal Ions in Natural Waters. PHOTOBIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC MATTER 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-32223-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Fedorenko S. Two-state model of excess electron relaxation and geminate recombination in water and aqueous solutions. Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Lübcke A, Buchner F, Heine N, Hertel IV, Schultz T. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of solvated electrons in aqueous NaI solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:14629-34. [PMID: 20886131 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00847h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lübcke
- Max-Born-Institut für nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Brown MA, Faubel M, Winter B. X-Ray photo- and resonant Auger-electron spectroscopy studies of liquid water and aqueous solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b803023p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Winter B, Aziz EF, Ottosson N, Faubel M, Kosugi N, Hertel IV. Electron dynamics in charge-transfer-to-solvent states of aqueous chloride revealed by Cl- 2p resonant Auger-electron spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:7130-8. [PMID: 18461939 DOI: 10.1021/ja8009742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) excited states of aqueous chloride are studied by a novel experimental approach based on resonant inner-shell photoexcitation, Cl(-)aq 2p --> e(i), i = 1-4, which denotes a series of excitations to lowest and higher CTTS states. These states are clearly identified through the occurrence of characteristic spectator Auger decays to double Cl 3p valence-hole states, where the CTTS states can be more stabilized as compared to single Cl(-)aq 2p core excitations and optical valence excitations. Furthermore, we have found for the first time that the CTTS electron e(i) bound by a single Cl 2p hole not only behaves as a spectator e(i) --> e'(i), bound by a double valence-hole state before relaxation of the excited electron (i) itself, but also shows electron dynamics to the relaxed lowest state, e(i) --> e'(1*). This interpretation is supported by ab initio calculations. The key to performing photoelectron and Auger-electron spectroscopy studies from aqueous solutions is the use of a liquid microjet in ultrahigh vacuum in conjunction with synchrotron radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Winter
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik and Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482;
| | - Stephen E. Bradforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482;
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16
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Petersen C, Thøgersen J, Jensen SK, Keiding SR. Electron Detachment and Relaxation of OH-(aq). J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:11410-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0745438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Thøgersen
- University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Svend Knak Jensen
- University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Søren R. Keiding
- University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Abstract
Solvated electrons have been generated in reverse micelles (RMs) through photodetachment of ferrocyanide (Fe(CN)(6)(4-)) in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) RMs. We have measured both bleach recovery of the parent ferrocyanide CN stretch in the infrared and the decay of the solvated electron absorption at 800 nm. The bleach recovery has been fit to a diffusion model for the geminate recombination process. The fit parameters suggest a narrowing of the spatial distribution of ejected electrons due to confinement in the RMs when compared to bulk water. The diffusion coefficient of the solvated electron does not appear to be significantly affected by RM confinement. The decay of the solvated electron absorption exhibits an additional decay component that is not observed in bulk water and is smaller for larger RMs. No corresponding additional component is seen in the parent ferrocyanide IR bleach recovery, which supports our interpretation that the confinement-induced new decay process in RMs is due to electrons reacting with AOT headgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald M Sando
- Code 6111, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C. 20375-5342, USA
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Winter
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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Inasawa S, Sugiyama M, Noda S, Yamaguchi Y. Spectroscopic Study of Laser-Induced Phase Transition of Gold Nanoparticles on Nanosecond Time Scales and Longer. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:3114-9. [PMID: 16494317 DOI: 10.1021/jp057175l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pulsed laser induced phase transition of gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution was observed via a transient absorption on nanosecond time scales and longer. Gold nanoparticles were excited with an intense picosecond laser pulse (355 nm, 30 ps), and the subsequent changes were monitored using two continuous wave laser wavelengths (488 and 635 nm). On the nanosecond time scale, below 6.3 mJ cm(-2), no change was observed; however, in the low fluence region between 6.3 and 17 mJ cm(-2), gold nanoparticles produced a bleach signal (488 nm) attributed to the melting of the gold nanoparticles, which decreased linearly with increasing laser fluence. Laser fluences above 17 mJ cm(-2) resulted in a strong absorption at both wavelengths, which is ascribed to vaporization of gold nanoparticles rather than solvated electrons (ejected from gold nanoparticles) or light scattering. The decay of both signals was faster than the 5 ns time resolution used in our experimental system. On the microsecond time scale, increase in absorbance at 635 nm was observed with a time constant of 1.0 micros, while no change was observed at 488 nm. It is considered that this increase is attributed to the formation of smaller gold nanoparticles resulting from pulsed laser induced size reduction of initial gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Inasawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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Coudert FX, Archirel P, Boutin A. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Electron−Alkali Cation Pairs in Bulk Water. J Phys Chem B 2005; 110:607-15. [PMID: 16471573 DOI: 10.1021/jp0542975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structural, dynamic, and thermodynamic properties of an excess electron interacting with an alkali cation (Na+, K+, Li+) in bulk water were investigated by means of a mixed quantum-classical molecular dynamics simulation technique. This study includes a reparametrization of the electron-cation pseudopotentials. The free energy calculations for all three systems show that a contact electron-cation pair can be observed, which is either as stable as the dissociated pair (Li+) or more stable by only a few kT (Na+, K+). Given that the dissociation barrier is also quite small, we suggest that the average cation-electron distance in the experiments at room temperature will not depend on this free energy profile but rather on the minimization of the Coulombic repulsive interaction between like charges in the solvent medium. This enables us to compare the present molecular dynamics simulations with the spectroscopic data obtained for different ionic strengths. The overall trend of the UV-vis hydrated absorption spectra, namely, the shift toward shorter wavelengths at high ionic strengths, is fairly well reproduced. This confirms our hypothesis of statistical distribution of the cations and solvated electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Coudert
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR 8000, CNRS, Université de Paris-Sud 11, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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Dermota TE, Hydutsky DP, Bianco NJ, Castleman AW. Excited-State Dynamics of (SO2)m Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:8259-67. [PMID: 16834213 DOI: 10.1021/jp052529u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A study of the excited-state dynamics of (SO2)m clusters following excitation by ultrafast laser pulses in the range of 4.5 eV (coupled 1A2, 1B1 states) and 9 eV (F band) is presented. The findings for the coupled 1A2 and 1B1 states are in good agreement with published computational work on the properties of these coupled states. A mechanism involving charge transfer to solvent is put forward as the source of the excited-state dynamics that follow the excitation of the SO2 F band within (SO2)m+1 clusters with m > 1. The proposed CTTS mechanism is supported by calculations of the energetics of the process and the observed trends in the excited-state lifetimes that correlate very well with the calculated energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Dermota
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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22
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Iglev H, Trifonov A, Thaller A, Buchvarov I, Fiebig T, Laubereau A. Photoionization dynamics of an aqueous iodide solution: the temperature dependence. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Iglev H, Laenen R, Laubereau A. Femtosecond dynamics of electron photodetachment of the fluoride anion in liquid water. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.03.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Sheu WS, Liu YT. Charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) precursor states of X−(H2O)n clusters (X=Cl, Br, I). Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Sobolewski AL, Domcke W. Photochemistry of HCl(H2O)4: Cluster Model of the Photodetachment of the Chloride Anion in Water. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021533s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gauduel Y, Hallou A, Charles B. Short-Time Water Caging and Elementary Prehydration Redox Reactions in Ionic Environments. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021745p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Gauduel
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, CNRS UMR 7639 and INSERM U451, Ecole Polytechnique−ENS Techniques Avancées, 91761 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - A. Hallou
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, CNRS UMR 7639 and INSERM U451, Ecole Polytechnique−ENS Techniques Avancées, 91761 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - B. Charles
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, CNRS UMR 7639 and INSERM U451, Ecole Polytechnique−ENS Techniques Avancées, 91761 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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Kloepfer JA, Vilchiz VH, Lenchenkov VA, Chen X, Bradforth SE. Time-resolved scavenging and recombination dynamics from I:e− caged pairs. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1483292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Timerghazin QK, Peslherbe GH. Theoretical investigation of charge transfer to solvent in photoexcited iodide–acetonitrile clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)00029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Barthel ER, Martini IB, Schwartz BJ. How Does the Solvent Control Electron Transfer? Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Simplest Charge Transfer Reaction. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp011150e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik R. Barthel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Ignacio B. Martini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Benjamin J. Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
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Lenchenkov V, Kloepfer J, Vilchiz V, Bradforth SE. Electron photodetachment from [Fe(CN)6]4−: photoelectron relaxation and geminate recombination. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lukin LV, Balakin AA. Thermalization of low energy electrons in liquid methylcyclohexane studied by the photoassisted ion pair separation technique. Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(01)00260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Vilchiz VH, Kloepfer JA, Germaine AC, Lenchenkov VA, Bradforth SE. Map for the Relaxation Dynamics of Hot Photoelectrons Injected into Liquid Water via Anion Threshold Photodetachment and above Threshold Solvent Ionization. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp003974m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor H. Vilchiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482
| | - Jeremiah A. Kloepfer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482
| | - Amy C. Germaine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482
| | - Victor A. Lenchenkov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482
| | - Stephen E. Bradforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482
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Martini IB, Barthel ER, Schwartz BJ. Mechanisms of the ultrafast production and recombination of solvated electrons in weakly polar fluids: Comparison of multiphoton ionization and detachment via the charge-transfer-to-solvent transition of Na− in THF. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1328071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kloepfer JA, Vilchiz VH, Lenchenkov VA, Germaine AC, Bradforth SE. The ejection distribution of solvated electrons generated by the one-photon photodetachment of aqueous I− and two-photon ionization of the solvent. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1309011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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36
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Chen HY, Sheu WS. Precursors of the Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent States in I-(H2O)n Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja000207s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Yin Chen
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan 242, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Shyan Sheu
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan 242, Republic of China
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Barthel ER, Martini IB, Schwartz BJ. Direct observation of charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) reactions: Ultrafast dynamics of the photoexcited alkali metal anion sodide (Na−). J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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