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Mizuno A, Matsuoka R, Mibu T, Kusamoto T. Luminescent Radicals. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1034-1121. [PMID: 38230673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Organic radicals are attracting increasing interest as a new class of molecular emitters. They demonstrate electronic excitation and relaxation dynamics based on their doublet or higher multiplet spin states, which are different from those based on singlet-triplet manifolds of conventional closed-shell molecules. Recent studies have disclosed luminescence properties and excited state dynamics unique to radicals, such as highly efficient electron-photon conversion in OLEDs, NIR emission, magnetoluminescence, an absence of heavy atom effect, and spin-dependent and spin-selective dynamics. These are difficult or sometimes impossible to achieve with closed-shell luminophores. This review focuses on luminescent organic radicals as an emerging photofunctional molecular system, and introduces the material developments, fundamental properties including luminescence, and photofunctions. Materials covered in this review range from monoradicals, radical oligomers, and radical polymers to metal complexes with radical ligands demonstrating radical-involved emission. In addition to stable radicals, transiently formed radicals generated in situ by external stimuli are introduced. This review shows that luminescent organic radicals have great potential to expand the chemical and spin spaces of luminescent molecular materials and thus broaden their applicability to photofunctional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asato Mizuno
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Ryota Matsuoka
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, HayamaKanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Takuto Mibu
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kusamoto
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, HayamaKanagawa 240-0193, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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Chen X, Sukhanov AA, Yan Y, Bese D, Bese C, Zhao J, Voronkova VK, Barbon A, Yaglioglu HG. Long‐Lived Charge‐Transfer State in Spiro Compact Electron Donor–Acceptor Dyads Based on Pyromellitimide‐Derived Rhodamine: Charge Transfer Dynamics and Electron Spin Polarization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203758. [PMID: 35384206 PMCID: PMC9543469 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Andrey A. Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences Kazan 420029 Russia
| | - Yuxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Damla Bese
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100, Beşevler Ankara Turkey
| | - Cagri Bese
- Department of Physics Engineering Hacettepe University 06800 Beytepe Ankara Turkey
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Violeta K. Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences Kazan 420029 Russia
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Halime Gul Yaglioglu
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100, Beşevler Ankara Turkey
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3
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Chen X, Sukhanov AA, Yan Y, Bese D, Bese C, Zhao J, Voronkova VK, Barbon A, Yaglioglu HG. Long‐Lived Charge‐Transfer State in Spiro Compact Electron Donor–Acceptor Dyads Based on Pyromellitimide‐Derived Rhodamine: Charge Transfer Dynamics and Electron Spin Polarization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Andrey A. Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences Kazan 420029 Russia
| | - Yuxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Damla Bese
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100, Beşevler Ankara Turkey
| | - Cagri Bese
- Department of Physics Engineering Hacettepe University 06800 Beytepe Ankara Turkey
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Violeta K. Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences Kazan 420029 Russia
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Halime Gul Yaglioglu
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100, Beşevler Ankara Turkey
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Fujitsuka M, Majima T. Reaction dynamics of excited radical ions revealed by femtosecond laser flash photolysis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Audebert P, Miomandre F. Electrofluorochromism: from molecular systems to set-up and display. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Pagès S, Lang B, Vauthey E. Ultrafast Excited State Dynamics of the Perylene Radical Cation Generated upon Bimolecular Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:7547-53. [PMID: 16774195 DOI: 10.1021/jp0615252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ultrafast ground state recovery (GSR) dynamics of the radical cation of perylene, Pe(*+), generated upon bimolecular photoinduced electron transfer in acetonitrile, has been investigated using pump-pump-probe spectroscopy. With 1,4-dicyanobenzene as electron acceptor, the free ion yield is substantial and the GSR dynamics of Pe(*+) was found to depend on the time delay between the first and second pump pulses, Deltat(12), i.e., on the "age" of the ion. At short Deltat(12), the GSR dynamics is biphasic, and at Deltat(12) larger than about 500 ps, it becomes exponential with a time constant around 3 ps. With trans-1,2-dicyanoethylene as acceptor, the free ion yield is essentially zero and the GSR dynamics of Pe(*+) remains biphasic independently of Deltat(12). The change of dynamics observed with 1,4-dicyanobenzene is ascribed to the transition from paired to free solvated ion, because in the pair, the excited ion has an additional decay channel to the ground state, i.e., charge recombination followed by charge separation. The rate constants deduced from the analysis of these GSR dynamics are all fully consistent with this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Pagès
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Investigations of bimolecular photoinduced electron transfer reactions in polar solvents using ultrafast spectroscopy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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D2–D0 Fluorescence of pseudo-D3h symmetric radical cations in solution and their `invisible' D1 state as a route to non-radiative decay. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)01166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Brodard P, Sarbach A, Gumy JC, Bally T, Vauthey E. Excited-State Dynamics of Organic Radical Ions in Liquids and in Low-Temperature Matrices. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010808l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Brodard
- Institut de Chimie-Physique de l'Université de Fribourg, Pérolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Sarbach
- Institut de Chimie-Physique de l'Université de Fribourg, Pérolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Gumy
- Institut de Chimie-Physique de l'Université de Fribourg, Pérolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bally
- Institut de Chimie-Physique de l'Université de Fribourg, Pérolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Institut de Chimie-Physique de l'Université de Fribourg, Pérolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Muller PA, Vauthey E. Charge Recombination Dynamics of Geminate Ion Pairs Formed by Electron Transfer Quenching of Molecules in an Upper Excited State. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010015z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Alain Muller
- Institut de Chimie-Physique de l'Université de Fribourg, Pérolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Institut de Chimie-Physique de l'Université de Fribourg, Pérolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Ichinose N, Tojo S, Majima T. Fluorescence Measurement of 3,5-Dimethoxyphenol Radical Cation Generated by Pulse Radiolysis in 1,2-Dichloroethane. CHEM LETT 2000. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2000.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ichinose N, Tanaka T, Kawanishi S, Suzuki T, Endo K. Laser-Induced Fluorescence of 1,3,5-Trimethoxybenzene Radical Cation in Solution at Room Temperature. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp991591m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Ichinose
- Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 25-1 Mii-minamimachi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-0019, Japan and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University, Kakumacho, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 25-1 Mii-minamimachi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-0019, Japan and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University, Kakumacho, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shunichi Kawanishi
- Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 25-1 Mii-minamimachi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-0019, Japan and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University, Kakumacho, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoe Suzuki
- Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 25-1 Mii-minamimachi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-0019, Japan and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University, Kakumacho, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazunaka Endo
- Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 25-1 Mii-minamimachi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-0019, Japan and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University, Kakumacho, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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