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Enabling three-dimensional porous architectures via carbonyl functionalization and molecular-specific organic-SERS platforms. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6119. [PMID: 34675208 PMCID: PMC8531383 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular engineering via functionalization has been a great tool to tune noncovalent intermolecular interactions. Herein, we demonstrate three-dimensional highly crystalline nanostructured D(C7CO)-BTBT films via carbonyl-functionalization of a fused thienoacene π-system, and strong Raman signal enhancements in Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) are realized. The small molecule could be prepared on the gram scale with a facile synthesis-purification. In the engineered films, polar functionalization induces favorable out-of-plane crystal growth via zigzag motif of dipolar C = O···C = O interactions and hydrogen bonds, and strengthens π-interactions. A unique two-stage film growth behavior is identified with an edge-on-to-face-on molecular orientation transition driven by hydrophobicity. The analysis of the electronic structures and the ratio of the anti-Stokes/Stokes SERS signals suggests that the π-extended/stabilized LUMOs with varied crystalline face-on orientations provide the key properties in the chemical enhancement mechanism. A molecule-specific Raman signal enhancement is also demonstrated on a high-LUMO organic platform. Our results demonstrate a promising guidance towards realizing low-cost SERS-active semiconducting materials, increasing structural versatility of organic-SERS platforms, and advancing molecule-specific sensing via molecular engineering. Nanostructured films of organic semiconductors with low lying LUMO orbitals can enhance Raman signals via a chemical enhancement mechanism but currently the material choice is limited to fluorinated oligothiophenes. Here, the authors investigate the growth of a porous thienoacene film enabled by carbonyls and demonstrate molecular specific organic-SERS platforms.
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Zhang Y, He S, Guo W, Hu Y, Huang J, Mulcahy JR, Wei WD. Surface-Plasmon-Driven Hot Electron Photochemistry. Chem Rev 2017; 118:2927-2954. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 730] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Shuai He
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Wenxiao Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jiawei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Justin R. Mulcahy
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Wei David Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Kumpulainen T, Lang B, Rosspeintner A, Vauthey E. Ultrafast Elementary Photochemical Processes of Organic Molecules in Liquid Solution. Chem Rev 2016; 117:10826-10939. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatu Kumpulainen
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Lang
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Boerigter C, Campana R, Morabito M, Linic S. Evidence and implications of direct charge excitation as the dominant mechanism in plasmon-mediated photocatalysis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10545. [PMID: 26817619 PMCID: PMC4738363 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic metal nanoparticles enhance chemical reactions on their surface when illuminated with light of particular frequencies. It has been shown that these processes are driven by excitation of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The interaction of LSPR with adsorbate orbitals can lead to the injection of energized charge carriers into the adsorbate, which can result in chemical transformations. The mechanism of the charge injection process (and role of LSPR) is not well understood. Here we shed light on the specifics of this mechanism by coupling optical characterization methods, mainly wavelength-dependent Stokes and anti-Stokes SERS, with kinetic analysis of photocatalytic reactions in an Ag nanocube–methylene blue plasmonic system. We propose that localized LSPR-induced electric fields result in a direct charge transfer within the molecule–adsorbate system. These observations provide a foundation for the development of plasmonic catalysts that can selectively activate targeted chemical bonds, since the mechanism allows for tuning plasmonic nanomaterials in such a way that illumination can selectively enhance desired chemical pathways. The excitation of metal nanoparticles with light can lead to localized surface plasmon resonances, capable of driving chemical reactions in bound species. Here, the authors elucidate this mechanism and suggest that future plasmonic catalysts may be able to selectively activate specific chemical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Boerigter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Robert Campana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Matthew Morabito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Suljo Linic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Ruchira Silva W, Frontiera RR. Excited state structural evolution during charge-transfer reactions in betaine-30. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:20290-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06195d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast photo-induced charge-transfer reactions are fundamental to a number of photovoltaic and photocatalytic devices, yet the multidimensional nature of the reaction coordinate makes these processes difficult to model theoretically.
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Petersson J, Eklund M, Davidsson J, Hammarström L. Ultrafast electron transfer dynamics of a Zn(II)porphyrin-viologen complex revisited: S2 vs S1 reactions and survival of excess excitation energy. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14329-38. [PMID: 20192180 DOI: 10.1021/jp911686z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced electron transfer reactions in a self-assembled 1:1 complex of zinc(II)tetrasulphonatophenylporphyrin (ZnTPPS(4-)) and methylviologen (MV(2+)) in aqueous solution were investigated with transient absorption spectroscopy. ZnTPPS(4-) was excited either in the Soret or one of the two Q-bands, corresponding to excitation into the S(2) and S(1) states, respectively. The resulting electron transfer to MV(2+) occurred, surprisingly, with the same time constant of τ(FET) = 180 fs from both electronic states. The subsequent back electron transfer was rapid, and the kinetics was independent of the initially excited state (τ(BET) = 700 fs). However, ground state reactants in a set of vibrationally excited states were observed. The amount of vibrationally excited ground states detected increased with increasing energy of the initial excited state, showing that excess excitation energy survived a two-step electron transfer reaction in solution. Differences in the ZnTPSS(•3-)/MV(•+) spectra suggest that the forward electron transfer from the S(2) state at least partially produces an electronically excited charge transfer state, which effectively suppresses the influence of the inverted regime. Other possible reasons for the similar electron transfer rates for the different excited states are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Petersson
- Chemical Physics Group, Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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Myers Kelley A. Resonance Raman and Resonance Hyper-Raman Intensities: Structure and Dynamics of Molecular Excited States in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:11975-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp805530y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Myers Kelley
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, P.O. Box 2039, Merced, California 95344
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Ishida T, Rossky PJ. Consequences of Strong Coupling between Solvation and Electronic Structure in the Excited State of a Betaine Dye. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:11353-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801660b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tateki Ishida
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and Center for Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Peter J. Rossky
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and Center for Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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Maçôas EMS, Kananavicius R, Myllyperkiö P, Pettersson M, Kunttu H. Ultrafast Electronic and Vibrational Energy Relaxation of Fe(acetylacetonate)3 in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:2054-61. [PMID: 17295455 DOI: 10.1021/jp066271z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transient mid-infrared spectroscopy is used to probe the dynamics initiated by excitation of ligand-to-metal (400 nm) and metal-to-ligand (345 nm) charge transfer states of FeIII complexed with acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)3, where acac stands for deprotonated anion of acetylacetone) in solution. Transient spectra in the 1500-1600 cm-1 range show two broad absorptions red-shifted from the bleach of the nu(CO) (approximately 1575 cm-1) and nu(C=C) (approximately 1525 cm-1) ground state absorptions. Bleach recovery kinetics has a time constant of 12-19 ps in chloroform and tetrachloroethylene and it decreases by 30-40% in a 10% mixture of methanol in tetrachloroethylene. The transient absorptions experience band narrowing simultaneously with blue-shifting of the absorption maxima. Both phenomena have time constants of 3-9 ps with no evident dependence on the solvent. The experimental observations are ascribed to fast conversion of the initially excited charge transfer states to the ligand field manifold, and subsequent vibrational cooling on the lowest ligand field excited state prior to electronic conversion to the ground state. The analysis of time dependent bandwidths and positions of the transient absorptions provides some evidence of mode specific vibrational cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermelinda M S Maçôas
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Kim H, Hwang H, Rossky PJ. Quantum Simulation of Solution Phase Intramolecular Electron Transfer Rates in Betaine-30. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:11223-9. [PMID: 17004730 DOI: 10.1021/jp063222d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mixed quantum-classical atomistic simulations have been carried out to investigate the mechanistic details of excited state intramolecular electron transfer in a betaine-30 molecule in acetonitrile. The key electronic degrees of freedom of the solute molecule are treated quantum mechanically using the semiempirical Pariser-Parr-Pople Hamiltonian, including the solvent influence on electronic structure. The intramolecular vibrational modes are also treated explicitly at a quantum level, with the remaining elements treated classically using empirical potentials. The electron-transfer rate, corresponding to S1 --> S0 relaxation, is evaluated via time-dependent perturbation theory with the explicit inclusion of the dynamics of solvation and intramolecular conformation. The calculations reveal that, while solvation dynamics is critical to the rate, the intramolecular torsional dynamics also plays an important role. The importance of the use of multiple high-frequency quantum modes is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojoon Kim
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
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Influence of vibrational cooling on the time-dependence of stokes and anti-stokes resonance raman scattering. J Mol Struct 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2004.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Vibrational excitation after ultrafast intramolecular proton transfer of TINUVIN: a time-resolved resonance Raman study. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Schrader T, Sieg A, Koller F, Schreier W, An Q, Zinth W, Gilch P. Vibrational relaxation following ultrafast internal conversion: comparing IR and Raman probing. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hwang H, Rossky PJ. Harmonic Model Description of the Franck−Condon Density for a Betaine Dye Molecule. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0370324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyonseok Hwang
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-1167
| | - Peter J. Rossky
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-1167
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Kozich V, Werncke W, Vodchits AI, Dreyer J. Ultrafast excitation of out-of-plane vibrations and vibrational energy redistribution after internal conversion of 4-nitroaniline. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1530583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kozich V, Werncke W, Dreyer J, Brzezinka KW, Rini M, Kummrow A, Elsaesser T. Vibrational excitation and energy redistribution after ultrafast internal conversion in 4-nitroaniline. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1482698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Werncke W, Wachsmann-Hogiu, S, Dreyer J, Vodchits AI, Elsaesser T. Ultrafast Intramolecular Electron Transfer Studied by Picosecond and Stationary Raman Spectroscopy. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2002. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.75.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kovalenko SA, Eilers-König N, Senyushkina TA, Ernsting NP. Charge Transfer and Solvation of Betaine-30 in Polar SolventsA Femtosecond Broadband Transient Absorption Study. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp004007e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Kovalenko
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - N. Eilers-König
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - T. A. Senyushkina
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - N. P. Ernsting
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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Leonard JD, Gustafson TL. Solvent−Solute Interactions Probed by Picosecond Transient Raman Spectroscopy: Vibrational Relaxation and Conformational Dynamics in S1 trans-4,4‘-Diphenylstilbene. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002586h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Leonard
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185
| | - Terry L. Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185
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Photo-thermalization processes of charge transfer complexes in liquids studied by the transient grating method. Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)01228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hogiu S, Werncke W, Pfeiffer M, Dreyer J, Elsaesser T. Mode-specific vibrational excitation and energy redistribution after ultrafast intramolecular electron transfer. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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