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Sarmento ALC, Sá BS, Vasconcelos AG, Arcanjo DDR, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Leite JRDSDA, Sousa HA, Kückelhaus SAS. Perspectives on the Therapeutic Effects of Pelvic Floor Electrical Stimulation: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14035. [PMID: 36360918 PMCID: PMC9658412 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pelvic, perineal, and nervous lesions, which derive principally from pregnancy and childbirth, may lead to pelvic floor dysfunctions, such as organ prolapses and lesions in the nerves and muscles due to muscle expansion and physiology. It is estimated that 70% of women affected by this clinical picture have symptoms that do not respond to the classical treatments with antimuscarinic and anticholinergic drugs. Therefore, resorting to efficient alternatives and less invasive methods is necessary to assist this public health problem that predominantly affects the female population, which is more susceptible to the risk factors. This study aimed to perform an updated and comprehensive literature review focused on the effects of pelvic floor electrical stimulation, considering new perspectives such as a correlation between electric current and site of intervention and other molecular aspects, different from the present reviews that predominantly evaluate urodynamic aspects. For that purpose, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were used to perform the search, and the Methodi ordinatio method was applied. With well-researched therapeutic effects, electrical stimulation induced promising results in histological, nervous, and molecular evaluations and spinal processes, which showed beneficial results and revealed new perspectives on ways to evoke responses in the lower urinary tract in a non-invasive way. Thus, it is possible to conclude that this type of intervention may be a non-invasive alternative to treat pelvic and perineal dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Carneiro Sarmento
- Research Center in Applied Morphology and Immunology (NuPMIA), Faculty of Medicine (FM), University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Bruno Silva Sá
- Research Center in Applied Morphology and Immunology (NuPMIA), Faculty of Medicine (FM), University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- Department of Biomedicine, University Centre of the Federal District (UDF), Brasília 70390-045, DF, Brazil
| | - Andreanne Gomes Vasconcelos
- Research Center in Applied Morphology and Immunology (NuPMIA), Faculty of Medicine (FM), University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- Department of Biomedicine, University Centre of the Federal District (UDF), Brasília 70390-045, DF, Brazil
| | - Daniel Dias Rufino Arcanjo
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Studies in Physiopharmacology (LAFMOL), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Hugo Alves Sousa
- Research Center in Applied Morphology and Immunology (NuPMIA), Faculty of Medicine (FM), University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Selma Aparecida Souza Kückelhaus
- Research Center in Applied Morphology and Immunology (NuPMIA), Faculty of Medicine (FM), University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
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de Sousa HA, da Silva MDG, Barbosa KDP, Vianna LMDS, Pacheco YG, de Godoy JRP, Kuckelhaus SAS. Electrical stimulation structurally affects the tissues of the rectum and anus of nulliparous rats. J Anat 2017; 231:398-404. [PMID: 28547814 PMCID: PMC5554829 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering that the muscles of the anus perform a critical role in maintaining continence, losses in their structure can negatively affect the physiological control of the intestinal contents. Anorectal electro-stimulation (ARES) has been reported to have a positive effect on the functionality of treated patients, but how ARES affects the structural tissues of the anorectal segment remains unknown. Because the study of how ARES structurally affects human tissues is not possible, this study aimed to clarify these effects in a murine model, which has a similar anorectal segment (structure and physiology) to humans. For the descriptive and comparative study, randomly selected nulliparous adult Wistar rats (n = 5) were submitted to 30 anorectal sessions of ARES with a biphasic current (700 μs, 50 Hz from 2 to 4 mA). After treatment, the animals were euthanized, and the anorectal segments were dissected and processed for histopathological analysis. Our results showed that ARES increased the widths of the mucosal, submucosal and muscle layers of the rectum, as well as the number of leukocytes in the mucosa. ARES also caused hyperplasia of the smooth muscle of the internal anal sphincter and hypertrophy of the external anal sphincter muscle. In conclusion, our results showed that ARES had not only a positive effect on the structure (morphology) of all tissues associated with the rectum and anus but, more importantly, on the structural gain of the muscles (hyperplasia and hypertrophy), which could point to a functional gain of the anal sphincter, reinforcing the applicability of ARES as a non-invasive treatment for anal incontinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Alves de Sousa
- Laboratory of Molecular Anatomy and NanomedicineArea of MorphologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of BrasiliaBrasiliaFederal DistrictBrazil
| | - Maria da Glória da Silva
- Laboratory of HistologyArea of MorphologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of BrasiliaBrasiliaFederal DistrictBrazil
| | | | | | - Yolanda Galindo Pacheco
- Laboratory of Molecular Anatomy and NanomedicineArea of MorphologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of BrasiliaBrasiliaFederal DistrictBrazil
| | - José Roberto Pimenta de Godoy
- Laboratory of Molecular Anatomy and NanomedicineArea of MorphologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of BrasiliaBrasiliaFederal DistrictBrazil
| | - Selma Aparecida Souza Kuckelhaus
- Laboratory of Molecular Anatomy and NanomedicineArea of MorphologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of BrasiliaBrasiliaFederal DistrictBrazil
- Laboratory of Cell ImmunologyArea of PathologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of BrasiliaBrasiliaFederal DistrictBrazil
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Martinez AP, Azevedo GRD. The Bristol Stool Form Scale: its translation to Portuguese, cultural adaptation and validation. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2012; 20:583-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-11692012000300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bristol Stool Form Scale is used for describing feces. The objective of this research was its translation, cultural adaptation and validation for Brazil. The methodology was translation, back-translation and discussion. Validation involved 85 nurses, 80 doctors, and 80 patients, who correlated images of seven types of feces with the descriptions. Results: there was a difference in sex distribution, with males predominating among the doctors and females among nurses and patients. In relation to concordance between definitions and pictures, the highest percentage was in type 5 in all three groups and the lowest was in types 6 and 7 for the doctors, in type 3 for the nurses, and type 6 for the patients. The general Kappa index was 0.826. Conclusion: the scale demonstrated high reliability for all the groups studied.
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