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Jolly P, Damborsky P, Madaboosi N, Soares RRG, Chu V, Conde JP, Katrlik J, Estrela P. DNA aptamer-based sandwich microfluidic assays for dual quantification and multi-glycan profiling of cancer biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 79:313-9. [PMID: 26720920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two novel sandwich-based immunoassays for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis are reported, in which the primary antibody for capture is replaced by a DNA aptamer. The assays, which can be performed in parallel, were developed in a microfluidic device and tested for the detection of free Prostate Specific Antigen (fPSA). A secondary antibody (Aptamer-Antibody Assay) or a lectin (Aptamer-Lectin Assay) is used to quantify, by chemiluminescence, both the amount of fPSA and its glycosylation levels. The use of aptamers enables a more reliable, selective and controlled sensing of the analyte. The dual approach provides sensitive detection of fPSA along with selective fPSA glycoprofiling, which is of significant importance in the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa, as tumor progression is associated with changes in fPSA glycosylation. With these approaches, we can potentially detect 0.5 ng/mL of fPSA and 3 ng/mL of glycosylated fPSA using Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectin, both within the relevant clinical range. The approach can be applied to a wide range of biomarkers, thus providing a good alternative to standard antibody-based immunoassays with significant impact in medical diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Jolly
- Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
| | - Pavel Damborsky
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Center for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 84105, Slovakia.
| | - Narayanan Madaboosi
- INESC-MN - Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, R. Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ruben R G Soares
- INESC-MN - Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, R. Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Virginia Chu
- INESC-MN - Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, R. Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - João P Conde
- INESC-MN - Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, R. Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Jaroslav Katrlik
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Center for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 84105, Slovakia.
| | - Pedro Estrela
- Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
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Madaboosi N, Soares RRG, Chu V, Conde JP. A microfluidic immunoassay platform for the detection of free prostate specific antigen: a systematic and quantitative approach. Analyst 2015; 140:4423-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00364d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel physisorption- and bio-affinity amplification-based microfluidic immunoassay platform for free PSA detection within a clinically relevant range is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Madaboosi
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - Ruben R. G. Soares
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Lisbon
- Portugal
- iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
- Instituto Superior Técnico
| | - Virginia Chu
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - João Pedro Conde
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Lisbon
- Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering
- Instituto Superior Técnico
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Suaifan GARY, Shehadeh M, Al-Ijel H, Ng A, Zourob M. Recent progress in prostate-specific antigen and HIV proteases detection. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 13:707-18. [PMID: 24063398 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2013.835576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Proteases mediate a wide variety of biological events and have a critical role in the development of many diseases. Protease detection methods can be hindered by the limitation of assay safety, sensitivity, specificity, time constraints and ease of on-site analysis. Notably, the implementation of various detection methods on biosensing platforms translates them into practical biosensing applications. Currently, the detection of prostate cancer and AIDS at the earliest occasion is one of the major research obstacles. Therefore, recent advances focus on the development of portable detection systems toward point-of-care testing. These detection systems should be highly sensitive and specific for the detection of their prognostic biomarkers, such as the prostate-specific antigen and HIV load assay for prostate cancer and AIDS, respectively. These methods will also facilitate decision-making on a treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadeer A R Y Suaifan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Park S, Cadeddu JA, Balko JA, Tortelli MW, Wians, Jr. FH. Persistently Elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen Level After Successful Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy. Lab Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1309/e6x4-qbt4-qr74-gm7t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Sturgeon CM, Ellis AR. Improving the comparability of immunoassays for prostate-specific antigen (PSA): Progress and problems. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 381:85-92. [PMID: 17408608 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commutability of immunoassay test results is an important objective for laboratory medicine. METHODS PSA is a clinically important analyte for which, as a consequence of a number of national and international initiatives over the last decade, considerable progress has been made towards improving method comparability. However, results from different assays are still not interchangeable, a situation that is only likely to improve once broad recommendations can be made about the most clinically relevant antibody combinations. CONCLUSIONS Universal implementation of such recommendations would almost certainly improve between-method agreement substantially, provided careful attention were paid to assay design and use of appropriately pure secondary standards ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine M Sturgeon
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, United Kingdom.
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Park S, Cadeddu JA, Balko JA, Tortelli MW, Wians FH. Persistently Elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen Level After Successful Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy. Lab Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1309/e6x4qbt4qr74gm7t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Roddam AW, Price CP, Allen NE, Ward AM. Assessing the Clinical Impact of Prostate-Specific Antigen Assay Variability and Nonequimolarity: A Simulation Study Based on the Population of the United Kingdom. Clin Chem 2004; 50:1012-6. [PMID: 15031266 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.031138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most widely used serum biomarker to differentiate between malignant and benign prostate disease. Assays that measure PSA can be biased and/or nonequimolar and hence report significantly different PSA values for samples with the same nominal amount. This report investigates the effects of biased and nonequimolar assays on the decision to recommend a patient for a prostate biopsy based on age-specific PSA values.
Methods: A simulation model, calibrated to the distribution of PSA values in the United Kingdom, was developed to estimate the effects of bias, nonequimolarity, and analytical imprecision in terms of the rates of men who are recommended to have a biopsy on the basis of their assay-reported PSA values when their true PSA values are below the threshold (false positives) or vice versa (false negatives).
Results: False recommendation rates for a calibrated equimolar assay are 0.5–0.9% for analytical imprecision between 5% and 10%. Positive bias leads to significant increases in false positives and significant decreases in false negatives, whereas negative bias has the opposite effect. False-positive rates for nonequimolar assays increase from 0.5% to 13% in the worst-case scenario, whereas false-negative rates are almost always 0%.
Conclusions: Biased and nonequimolar assays can have major detrimental effects on both false-negative and false-positive rates for recommending biopsy. PSA assays should therefore be calibrated to the International Standards and be unbiased and equimolar in response to minimize the likelihood of incorrect clinical decisions, which are potentially detrimental for both patient and healthcare provider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Roddam
- Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE, United Kingdom.
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