Downregulation of PPARγ expression in peripheral blood monocytes correlated with adhesion molecules in acute coronary syndrome

Arisaema heterophyllum Blume Monomer Stigmasterol Targets PPARγ and Inhibits the Viability and Tumorigenicity of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells NCI-H1975

To clarify the regulatory effect and molecular mechanism of Arisaema heterophyllum Blume (AhBl) monomer stigmasterol on lung adenocarcinoma in human lung adenocarcinoma cells NCI-H1975 cultured in vitro and in nude mice. Oil red O staining, free fatty acid detection, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and NADPH were applied to elucidate the regulatory effect of stigmasterol on the energy metabolism of NCI-H1975 cells. Simultaneously, colony formation assay and nude mouse tumorigenesis were performed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of stigmasterol on the proliferation and tumorigenesis of NCI-H1975 cells. Furthermore, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) inhibitor GW9662 was supplemented to determine the expression changes of cyclins to clarify the regulation mechanism of stigmasterol. The results revealed that stigmasterol administration markedly inhibited the viability but promoted lipid deposition of NCI-H1975 cells. Meanwhile, the reduction of cell energy metabolism affected cell proliferation and colony formation. qPCR and western blot assays indicated that stigmasterol played a role in regulating the expression of cyclins and PPARγ signaling pathway proteins. Nude mouse tumorigenesis suggested that tumor size and weight in the stigmasterol-treated group were apparently lower as compared with the control group. Tumor tissue cells developed varying degrees of degeneration and large areas of ischemic necrosis presented in the central and peripheral cells. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that Ki67 expression in the stigmasterol group was substantially inhibited, while PPARγ expression was greatly elevated as compared with the control. GW9662 could mediate the inhibitory effect of stigmasterol on NCI-H1975 cells. The current study demonstrated that stigmasterol targeted PPARγ and inhibited the viability and tumorigenicity of lung adenocarcinoma cells NCI-H1975.

Monocytes in acute coronary syndromes

The aim of this overview is to summarize the available data on the involvement of monocytes in the pathological processes related to the development of acute coronary syndromes and the recovery of damaged areas, the prevention of excessive inflammatory and procoagulant response, and the restoration of microcirculation (angiogenesis).

Genetic background of acute coronary syndromes

Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are one of the major causes of mortality nowadays. Although much is known about factors involved in atherogenesis and acute coronary events, there are still many cases in which a lack of classical risk factors, together with family history, suggests the presence of an unrevealed genetic predisposition and molecular mechanisms. This paper reviews genetic predisposition to ACS. It also indicates which genes are linked to the processes of destabilization and rupture of atherosclerotic plaque and thus may be potential targets for more effective prophylaxis and treatment.