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Perazzio SF, Palmeira P, Moraes-Vasconcelos D, Rangel-Santos A, de Oliveira JB, Andrade LEC, Carneiro-Sampaio M. A Critical Review on the Standardization and Quality Assessment of Nonfunctional Laboratory Tests Frequently Used to Identify Inborn Errors of Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:721289. [PMID: 34858394 PMCID: PMC8630704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.721289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI), which were previously termed primary immunodeficiency diseases, represent a large and growing heterogeneous group of diseases that are mostly monogenic. In addition to increased susceptibility to infections, other clinical phenotypes have recently been associated with IEI, such as autoimmune disorders, severe allergies, autoinflammatory disorders, benign lymphoproliferative diseases, and malignant manifestations. The IUIS 2019 classification comprises 430 distinct defects that, although rare individually, represent a group affecting a significant number of patients, with an overall prevalence of 1:1,200-2,000 in the general population. Early IEI diagnosis is critical for appropriate therapy and genetic counseling, however, this process is deeply dependent on accurate laboratory tests. Despite the striking importance of laboratory data for clinical immunologists, several IEI-relevant immunoassays still lack standardization, including standardized protocols, reference materials, and external quality assessment programs. Moreover, well-established reference values mostly remain to be determined, especially for early ages, when the most severe conditions manifest and diagnosis is critical for patient survival. In this article, we intend to approach the issue of standardization and quality control of the nonfunctional diagnostic tests used for IEI, focusing on those frequently utilized in clinical practice. Herein, we will focus on discussing the issues of nonfunctional immunoassays (flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and turbidimetry/nephelometry, among others), as defined by the pure quantification of proteins or cell subsets without cell activation or cell culture-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Félix Perazzio
- Division of Rheumatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratory, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Palmeira
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-36), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dewton Moraes-Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-56), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréia Rangel-Santos
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-36), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Eduardo Coelho Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratory, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magda Carneiro-Sampaio
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-36), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Siemiątkowska A, Bryl M, Kosicka-Noworzyń K, Tvrdoň J, Gołda-Gocka I, Barinow-Wojewódzki A, Główka FK. Serum sCD25 Protein as a Predictor of Lack of Long-Term Benefits from Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Pilot Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153702. [PMID: 34359602 PMCID: PMC8345204 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is poor. Even though it can improve with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents, most patients do not respond to treatment. We hypothesized that the serum soluble form of the unit α of the interleukin-2 receptor (sCD25) could be used as a biomarker of successful immunotherapy in NSCLC. We recruited patients dosed with atezolizumab (n = 42) or pembrolizumab (n = 20) and collected samples at baseline and during the treatment. Levels of sCD25 were quantified with the ELISA kits. Patients with a high sCD25 at baseline (sCD25.0 ≥ 5.99 ng/mL) or/and at the end of the fourth treatment cycle (sCD25.4 ≥ 7.73 ng/mL) progressed faster and lived shorter without the disease progression and serious toxicity. None of the patients with high sCD25 at both time points continued therapy longer than 9.3 months, while almost 40% of patients with low sCD25 were treated for ≥12.3 months. There was a 6.3-times higher incidence of treatment failure (HR = 6.33, 95% CI: 2.10-19.06, p = 0.001) and a 6.5-times higher incidence of progression (HR = 6.50, 95% CI: 2.04-20.73, p = 0.002) in patients with high compared with low sCD25.0 and sCD25.4. Serum levels of sCD25 may serve as a non-invasive biomarker of long-term benefits from the anti-PD-1/PD-L1s in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Siemiątkowska
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (K.K.-N.); (J.T.); (F.K.G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Translational Research and Education, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Maciej Bryl
- Department of Clinical Oncology with the Subdepartment of Diurnal Chemotherapy, Wielkopolska Center of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, 62 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland; (M.B.); (I.G.-G.); (A.B.-W.)
| | - Katarzyna Kosicka-Noworzyń
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (K.K.-N.); (J.T.); (F.K.G.)
| | - Jakub Tvrdoň
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (K.K.-N.); (J.T.); (F.K.G.)
| | - Iwona Gołda-Gocka
- Department of Clinical Oncology with the Subdepartment of Diurnal Chemotherapy, Wielkopolska Center of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, 62 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland; (M.B.); (I.G.-G.); (A.B.-W.)
| | - Aleksander Barinow-Wojewódzki
- Department of Clinical Oncology with the Subdepartment of Diurnal Chemotherapy, Wielkopolska Center of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, 62 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland; (M.B.); (I.G.-G.); (A.B.-W.)
| | - Franciszek K. Główka
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (K.K.-N.); (J.T.); (F.K.G.)
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Rajaratinam H, Rasudin NS, Al Astani TAD, Mokhtar NF, Yahya MM, Wan Zain WZ, Asma-Abdullah N, Mohd Fuad WE. Breast cancer therapy affects the expression of antineonatal Nav1.5 antibodies in the serum of patients with breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:108. [PMID: 33376541 PMCID: PMC7751336 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal Nav1.5 (nNav1.5) is the alternative splice variant of Nav1.5 and it has been widely associated with the progression of breast cancer. The immunological context of nNav1.5 with respect to breast cancer metastases remains unexplored. The presence of antibodies against nNav1.5 may highlight the immunogenicity of nNav1.5. Hence, the aim of the present study was to detect the presence of antineonatal Nav1.5 antibodies (antinNav1.5-Ab) in the serum of patients with breast cancer and to elucidate the effects of breast cancer therapy on its expression. A total of 32 healthy female volunteers and 64 patients with breast cancer were randomly recruited into the present study as the control and breast cancer group, respectively. Patients with breast cancer were divided equally based on their pre- and ongoing-treatment status. Serum samples were tested with in-house indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antinNav1.5-Ab, CD25 (T regulatory cell marker) using an ELISA kit and Luminex assay to detect the expression of metastasis-associated cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-8, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) The mean difference in the expression of antinNav1.5-Ab among the three groups (control, pretreatment and ongoing-treatment) was significant (P=0.0005) and the pretreatment breast cancer group exhibited the highest expression. The concentration of CD25 was highest in the pretreatment breast cancer group compared with the control and ongoing-treatment groups. There was a significant positive correlation between antinNav1.5-Ab and IL-6 in the pretreatment group (r=0.7260; P=0.0210) and a significant negative correlation between antinNav1.5-Ab and VEGF in the ongoing-treatment group (r=-0.842; P-value=0.0040). The high expression of antinNav1.5-Ab in the pretreatment group was in accordance with the uninterrupted presence of metastasis and highlighted the immunogenicity of nNav1.5 whereas the low expression of antinNav1.5-Ab in the ongoing-treatment group reflected the efficacy of breast cancer therapy in eliminating metastases. The augmented manifestation of T regulatory cells in the pretreatment group highlighted the functional role of nNav1.5 in promoting metastasis. The parallel expression of antinNav1.5-Ab with the imbalanced expression of cytokines promoting metastasis (IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α) and cytokines that prevent metastasis (IL-10) indicated the role of nNav1.5 in breast cancer growth. The expression of antinNav1.5-Ab in accordance to the metastatic microenvironment indicates the immunogenicity of the protein and highlights the influence of breast cancer therapy on its expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harishini Rajaratinam
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syahmina Rasudin
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Tengku Ahmad Damitri Al Astani
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Awareness and Research (BestARi) Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Noor Fatmawati Mokhtar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Maya Mazuwin Yahya
- Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zainira Wan Zain
- Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Asma-Abdullah
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ezumi Mohd Fuad
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
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Jeon J, Jo H, Her J, Youn H, Park J, Jo J, Lee J, Chang CL, Ban C. A Rapid Colorimetric Sensor for Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor α, Based on Aptamer-Adsorbed AuNP. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2236-2240. [PMID: 31270926 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The soluble interleukin-2 receptor α (sIL-2Rα) is a broad indicator of clinical disease activity in various inflammatory diseases. Here we have developed, for the first time, a rapid, washing-free colorimetric aptasensor based on a sIL-2Rα aptamer (Kd =1.33 nm). The aptasensor was fabricated with Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) adsorbing sIL-2Rα aptamers. On addition of sIL-2Rα, the aptamers become desorbed from the AuNPs, and this in turn weakens the absorption corresponding to AuNP-catalyzed oxidation of ortho-phenylenediamine (oPD) with H2 O2 . The aptasensor was characterized by TEM imaging, ζ potential measurements, dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis, and UV/Vis spectrometry, followed by further optimization. The fabricated sensor exhibited great analytical performance, with a linear range of 1 to 100 nm and a detection limit of 1 nm both in buffer and in spiked human serum within 25 min. Other proteins, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), IL-17Rα, IL-5Rα, IL-13Rα2 , and CD166, showed negligible effects on the aptasensor. Thanks to the great advantages of the aptamers and AuNPs, this aptasensor provides a rapid, simple, and inexpensive process that might offer insights into various diagnostic applications of sIL-2Rα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseong Jeon
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37674, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunho Jo
- InnaMed, 3675 Market St Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jin Her
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37674, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Youn
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37674, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37674, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37674, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37674, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhun L Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Changill Ban
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37674, Republic of Korea
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5
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Karim AF, Eurelings LEM, Bansie RD, van Hagen PM, van Laar JAM, Dik WA. Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor: A Potential Marker for Monitoring Disease Activity in IgG4-Related Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6103064. [PMID: 29686532 PMCID: PMC5854105 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6103064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a fibroinflammatory condition. T-cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis, and therefore, serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) may be a potential biomarker. METHOD We studied the levels of sIL-2R in 26 histologically proven IgG4-RD patients with available serum sIL-2R and compared them to those in newly diagnosed and untreated sarcoidosis patients (n = 78) and controls (n = 101) and the serum sIL-2R levels in patients after treatment of IgG4-RD (n = 15). The disease activity was measured using the IgG4-Related Disease Responder Index (IgG4-RD RI). RESULTS Median serum sIL-2R in IgG4-RD patients was 4667 pg/ml compared to 1515 pg/ml in controls (P < 0.001) and 6050 pg/ml in sarcoidosis patients (P = 0.004 compared to IgG4-RD). All IgG4-RD patients had elevated serum sIL-2R levels compared to the reference value of <2500 pg/ml in controls and 85% elevated serum IgG4; however, these did not correlate with each other. Both serum sIL-2R and IgG4 levels declined significantly after treatment (P = 0.001 and P = 0.01, resp.). Before treatment, serum sIL-2R level and IgG4-RD RI did not correlate with each other. However, the decrease in serum sIL-2R upon treatment did correlate significantly (P = 0.04) with the decrease in disease activity assessed by IgG-RD RI. CONCLUSION Serum sIL-2R is elevated in IgG4-RD reflecting the inflammatory process with enhanced T-cell activation. Furthermore, serum sIL-2R might serve as a potential marker of response to treatment in IgG4-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Karim
- Section Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - L. E. M. Eurelings
- Section Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - R. D. Bansie
- Section Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - P. M. van Hagen
- Section Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Section Clinical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. A. M. van Laar
- Section Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Section Clinical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - W. A. Dik
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Elevated Plasma Levels of sIL-2R in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Pathogenic Role for T-Lymphocytes? Mediators Inflamm 2017. [PMID: 28634419 PMCID: PMC5467333 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2764261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system has long been thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). However, not much is known about the role of the immune system and specifically T-cells in the onset and maintenance of this disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate T-cell activity in CRPS by comparing blood soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels between CRPS patients and healthy controls. CRPS patients had statistically significant elevated levels of sIL-2R as compared to healthy controls (median sIL-2R levels: 4151 pg/ml (Q3 − Q1 = 5731 pg/ml − 3546 pg/ml) versus 1907 pg/ml (Q3 − Q1: 2206 pg/ml − 1374 pg/ml), p < 0.001, resp.). Furthermore, sIL-2R level seems to be a good discriminator between CRPS patients and healthy controls with a high sensitivity (90%) and specificity (89.5%). Our finding indicates increased T-cell activity in patients with CRPS. This finding is of considerable relevance as it could point towards a T-cell-mediated inflammatory process in this disease. This could pave the way for new anti-inflammatory therapies in the treatment of CRPS. Furthermore, sIL-2R could be a promising new marker for determining inflammatory disease activity in CRPS.
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Morimoto A, Nakazawa Y, Ishii E. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Pediatr Int 2016; 58:817-25. [PMID: 27289085 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome that is classified into primary and secondary HLH. Primary HLH consists of monogenic disorders that mainly affect the perforin-mediated cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Secondary HLH occurs as a complication in various settings such as infection, malignancy, autoimmune disease, and post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Both primary and secondary HLH are characterized by uncontrolled hypercytokinemia that results in myelosuppression and vascular endothelium damage. More than 10% of patients with HLH die within 2 months of diagnosis due to bleeding in the visceral organs, opportunistic infection due to neutropenia, or multiple organ failure. The most obvious presentations of HLH are persistent fever refractory to antimicrobial agents and hyperferritinemia due to hypersecretion of various cytokines. The first rule is not to overlook signs of hypercytokinemia and to settle the hyperactivated immunological state as soon as possible. In addition, to improve outcome, it is essential to identify the disorders underlying HLH and provide disorder-appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Morimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Yozo Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Eiichi Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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Gonda K, Shibata M, Shimura T, Machida T, Suzuki S, Nakamura I, Ohki S, Sakurai K, Ohto H, Tomita R, Takenoshita S. Serum Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor is Increased in Malnourished and Immunosuppressed Patients With Gastric and Colorectal Cancer: Possible Influence of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. World J Oncol 2012; 3:158-164. [PMID: 29147299 PMCID: PMC5649838 DOI: 10.4021/wjon548e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) is the circulating form of a membrane receptor localized on lymphoid and some tumor cells; its biological function is not completely understood. Methods Serum levels of sIL-2R in blood samples taken from 51 cancer patients (21 gastric and 30 colorectal) and 18 healthy volunteers were measured and found to be significantly higher in the patients. Results Concentrations were significantly inversely correlated to nutritional parameters, including total protein and short turnover proteins such as prealbumin, retinol binding protein and transferrin, as well as to the stimulation index, which is a classical parameter of cell-mediated immunity. Concentrations were significantly positively correlated to neutrophil count and inversely to lymphocyte count. Significantly elevated levels of circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were found in patients; this was significantly correlated to sIL-2R levels. Conclusions Increased production of sIL-2R correlated with systemic inflammation, nutritional impairment and inhibition of cell-mediated immunity, and thus may be involved in immunological mechanisms inducing cancer cachexia. The same factors also appear to relate closely to induction of MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Gonda
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, 1Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.,Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masahiko Shibata
- Department of Tumor and Host Bioscience, Fukushima Medical University, 1Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shimura
- Department of Tumor and Host Bioscience, Fukushima Medical University, 1Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takeshi Machida
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, 1Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Izumi Nakamura
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohki
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakurai
- Department of Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Otaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, 1Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tomita
- Department of Surgery, Nippon Dental University, 2-3-16Fujimi, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8158, Japan
| | - Seiichi Takenoshita
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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Okamoto Y, Tanaka M, Kasahara A, Hara T, Gotoh Y, Fujita N, Fukui T, Masuzawa T. Age-Related Changes of Serum Soluble Interleukin 9 Receptor (sIL-9Rα) in Healthy Subjects. Indian J Clin Biochem 2012; 27:400-4. [PMID: 24082468 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-012-0216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most cytokine receptors including interleukin (IL)-9 have soluble counterparts in body fluids. We planned to investigate the pathophysiological significance of the serum soluble IL-9 receptor (sIL-9R) level. We determined the serum sIL-9Rα chain (sIL-9Rα) levels in 96 healthy Japanese individuals to establish a control value by means of specific human sIL-9Rα ELISA, followed by a preliminary application in a patient with diarrhea positive hemolytic uremic syndrome. Age was negatively correlated with the sIL-9Rα level (Spearman r = -0.241, n = 96, p = 0.0180). The serum sIL-9Rα level showed a progressive decline to the normal adult level by the age of 30. The serum sIL-9Rα level of the patient with HUS was markedly higher than those of the age-matched control from the onset of the disease. Because of the remarkable age-dependent variability of sIL-9Rα in healthy subjects, disease-related changes, as well as therapy-dependent alterations, should be considered with caution. Thus, it is recommended that when the serum sIL-9Rα levels of patients are evaluated, the values should be compared with those of age-matched controls. The established control value will be used to discriminate between normal and the pathological conditions in our future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Okamoto
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 3 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025 Japan
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Suzuki H, Suenaga T, Takeuchi T, Shibuta S, Yoshikawa N. Marker of T-cell activation is elevated in refractory Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Int 2010; 52:785-9. [PMID: 20487370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2010.03163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate whether T-cell activation is involved in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD) resistant to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment. METHODS Serum samples were obtained from 27 patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for KD. These 27 patients were divided into three groups according to their responses to IVIG: Group A, nine patients who showed no response to either initial IVIG or additional IVIG; Group B, six patients who did not respond to initial IVIG but did respond to additional IVIG; Group C, 12 patients who responded to initial IVIG. Serum samples were obtained before and after initial IVIG. Using a commercial chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, we examined the serum levels of two cytokines related to T-cell activation and the severity of inflammation: soluble interleukin-2 receptor and interleukin-6. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the serum levels of the two cytokines before initial IVIG among the three groups, but significant intergroup differences were evident after initial IVIG in the serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (P < 0.01, Group A > C) and interleukin-6 (P < 0.01, Group A > B > C). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that marker of T-cell activation is elevated most markedly in KD patients resistant to both initial and additional IVIG, and suggest that T cells may be activated in refractory KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
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11
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Okamoto Y, Tanaka M, Miyahara N, Tanabe M, Gotoh Y, Nagai T, Fujita N, Fukui T, Masuzawa T. Age-dependent decreases in serum soluble interleukin-1 receptor type I (sIL-1RI) in healthy individuals: a population study of serum sIL-1RI levels in Japanese subjects. J Clin Lab Anal 2009; 23:175-8. [PMID: 19455630 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The levels of several soluble cytokine receptors in body fluids of healthy individuals change with age. Clinical application of the measurement of the serum soluble interleukin-1 receptor type I (sIL-1RI) level depends critically on the samples used as the controls. At present, there is no information regarding the levels of serum sIL-1RI in healthy subjects. The purpose of this study is to reveal the age-related changes that occur in the serum sIL-1RIlevels of healthy individuals. We determined the serum sIL-1RI levels of healthy Japanese children using ELISA. The serum sIL-1RI level of children (0-14 years) was significantly higher than that of adults (more than 15 years) (P = 0.0138, n = 90). Thus, it is recommended that when the serum sIL-1RI level of patients is evaluated, it should be compared against age-matched controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Okamoto
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan.
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12
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Faucher S, Crawley AM, Decker W, Sherring A, Bogdanovic D, Ding T, Bergeron M, Angel JB, Sandstrom P. Development of a quantitative bead capture assay for soluble IL-7 receptor alpha in human plasma. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6690. [PMID: 19690616 PMCID: PMC2723935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IL-7 is an essential cytokine in T-cell development and homeostasis. It binds to the IL-7R receptor, a complex of the IL-7Rα (CD127) and common γ (CD132) chains. There is significant interest in evaluating the expression of CD127 on human T-cells as it often decreased in medical conditions leading to lymphopenia. Previous reports showed the usefulness of CD127 as a prognostic marker in viral infections such as HIV, CMV, EBV and HCV. A soluble CD127 (sCD127) is released in plasma and may contribute to disease pathogenesis through its control on IL-7 activities. Measuring sCD127 is important to define its role and may complement existing markers used in lymphopenic disease management. We describe a new quantitative assay for the measurement of sCD127 in plasma and report sCD127 concentrations in healthy adults. Methodology/Principal Findings We developed a quantitative bead-based sCD127 capture assay. Polyclonal CD127-specific antibodies were chosen for capture and a biotinylated monoclonal anti-CD127 antibody was selected for detection. The assay can detect native sCD127 and recombinant sCD127 which served as the calibrator. The analytical performance of the assay was characterized and the concentration and stability of plasma sCD127 in healthy adults was determined. The assay's range was 3.2–1000 ng/mL. The concentration of plasma sCD127 was 164±104 ng/mL with over a log variation between subjects. Individual sCD127 concentrations remained stable when measured serially during a period of up to one year. Conclusions/Significance This is the first report on the quantification of plasma sCD127 in a population of healthy adults. Soluble CD127 plasma concentrations remained stable over time in a given individual and sCD127 immunoreactivity was resistant to repeated freeze-thaw cycles. This quantitative sCD127 assay is a valuable tool for defining the potential role of sCD127 in lymphopenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Faucher
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
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13
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Okamoto Y, Nakajo I, Seta K, Gotoh Y, Nagai T, Fujita N, Fukui T, Masuzawa T. Urinary evaluation of the balance between soluble interferon-gamma receptor (IFN-gammaR1) and interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4Ralpha). Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:1859-62. [PMID: 18809513 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the usefulness of the simultaneous analysis of multiple kinds of soluble cytokine receptors in urine specimens, we determined the levels of both the soluble interferon-gamma receptor alpha chain (sIFN-gammaR1, Th1-type cytokine receptor) and the soluble interleukin 4-receptor alpha chain (sIL-4Ralpha, Th2-type cytokine receptor) in the urine of healthy subjects as reference values and preliminarily applied this method to evaluate patients with diarrhea positive (D+) hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) as the diagnostic parameters. The urinary sIFN-gammaR levels of children were significantly lower than those of adults (p < 0.01, n = 107). On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the urine sIL-4R levels of adults and children. Statistical correlation between sIFN-gammaR and sIL-4R values was not observed (p = 0.705). On the day of onset of HUS, the urine sIFN-gammaR levels of the patients (n = 6) with HUS were higher than those of the healthy control group (n = 67) (p < 0.01); however, there was no significant difference in the sIL-4R levels between both groups. The urine evaluation of the balance between the soluble cytokine receptors might be informative for the immune states of HUS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Okamoto
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 3 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan.
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14
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Okamoto Y, Seta K, Nakajo I, Gotoh Y, Nagai T, Fujita N, Fukui T, Masuzawa T. Age-dependent decrease in serum soluble interferon-gamma receptor (sIFN-gammaR) in healthy Japanese individuals; population study of serum sIFN-gammaR level in Japanese. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2008; 29:234-43. [PMID: 18569372 DOI: 10.1080/15321810802122178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We planned to investigate the clinical significance of serum soluble interferon-gamma receptor (sIFN-gammaR) level in pediatric patients. The diagnostic application of the measurement of serum sIFN-gammaR level depends critically on the control value. However, there is no information of the control value of serum sIFN-gammaR for children. In the present study, we determined the serum sIFN-gammaR level of healthy Japanese children using an ELISA. The serum sIFN-gammaR level of children (0-14 years old) was significantly higher than that of adults (over 15 years old) (p < 0.01, n = 104). Thus, it is recommended that, when the serum sIFN-gammaR level of patients is evaluated, it should be compared against age-matched controls. We also preliminarily applied this assay as a diagnostic parameter for the patients with diarrhea positive (D+) hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Okamoto
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan.
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15
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Abstract
A soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) is a circulating form of a membrane receptor
localized on lymphoid and some cancer cells. The biological function of sIL-2R has
not been completely understood. Substantially, it seems to reflect T-lymphocyte
activation in diseases of different pathology. Moreover, the soluble receptor has been
considered, at least in part, responsible for unsuccessful immunotherapy with IL-2 in
cancers. Several lines of evidence indicate sIL-2R measurements to be useful in
determining disease progress and prognosis. This review summarizes current knowledge
on the sIL-2R behavior in RA and solid cancers of varied etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Commodities Science and Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
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16
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Fujita N, Okamoto Y, Gotoh Y, Yada Y, Suzuki Y, Ando T, Togari H, Nishida M. Serum evaluation of the balance between soluble interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 receptors. Cytokine 2005; 32:143-8. [PMID: 16226465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2004] [Revised: 08/17/2005] [Accepted: 08/26/2005] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the usefulness of the simultaneous analysis of the multiple kinds of soluble cytokine receptors, we determined both the soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R, Th1-type cytokine receptor) and the soluble interleukin 4 receptor (sIL-4R, Th2-type cytokine receptor) levels in the sera of healthy subjects as reference values and preliminarily applied to evaluate the patients with diarrhea positive (D+) hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) as the diagnostic parameter of the severity. Both sIL-2R and sIL-4R levels in the sera of healthy children were significantly higher than those of healthy adults (p<0.01). The serum sIL-2R level of the patients with severe HUS (n=4) was higher than that of the patients with mild/moderate HUS (n=6) at the initial stage (p<0.01) or healthy children (n=51, p<0.01). Whereas, the serum sIL-4R level of both the severe and mild/moderate groups was lower than that of the healthy control children, although there was no significant difference among the three groups. Namely, the soluble receptor balance (sIL-2R/sIL-4R) in the patients with severe HUS may shift. We considered that the evaluation of the balance between soluble cytokine receptors might be informative for the evaluation of the immune states, as well as the conventional cytokine balance (Th1/Th2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Fujita
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, 50 Hakken-nishi, Aotake-cho, Toyohashi, 441-8570, Japan
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Woodbury RL, Varnum SM, Zangar RC. Elevated HGF levels in sera from breast cancer patients detected using a protein microarray ELISA. J Proteome Res 2002; 1:233-7. [PMID: 12645900 DOI: 10.1021/pr025506q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We developed an ELISA in high-density microarray format to detect hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in human serum. The microassay can detect HGF at sub-pg/mL concentrations in sample volumes of 100 microL or less. The microassay is also quantitative and was used to detect elevated HGF levels in sera from recurrent breast cancer patients. The microarray format provides the potential for high-throughput quantitation of multiple biomarkers in parallel, as demonstrated with a multiplex analysis of five biomarker proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Woodbury
- Battelle, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Molecular Biosciences Department, P7-56, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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