1
|
Kim P, Weiskirchen S, Uerlings R, Kueppers A, Stellmacher F, Viveiros A, Zoller H, Weiskirchen R. Quantification of liver iron overload disease with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. BMC Med Imaging 2018; 18:51. [PMID: 30514216 PMCID: PMC6278171 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-018-0291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary hemochromatosis is the most frequent, identified, genetic disorder in Caucasians affecting about 1 in 1000 people of Northern European ancestry, where the associated genetic defect (homozygosity for the p.Cys282Tyr polymorphism in the HFE gene) has a prevalence of approximately 1:200. The disorder is characterized by excess iron stores in the body. Due to the incomplete disease penetrance of disease-associated genotype, genetic testing and accurate quantification of hepatic iron content by histological grading of stainable iron, quantitative chemical determination of iron, or imaging procedures are important in the evaluation and staging of hereditary hemochromatosis. METHODS We here established novel laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry protocols for hepatic metal bio-imaging for diagnosis of iron overload. RESULTS We demonstrate that these protocols are a significant asset in the diagnosis of iron overload allowing iron measurements and simultaneous determination of various other metals and metalloids with high sensitivity, spatial resolution, and quantification ability. CONCLUSIONS The simultaneous measurement of various metals and metalloids offers unique opportunities for deeper understanding of metal imbalances. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is a highly powerful and sensitive technique for the analysis of a variety of solid samples with high spatial resolution. We conclude that this method is an important add-on to routine diagnosis of iron overload and associated hepatic metal dysbalances resulting thereof.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kim
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ricarda Uerlings
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Astrid Kueppers
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - André Viveiros
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heinz Zoller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Molecular diagnostic and pathogenesis of hereditary hemochromatosis. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:1497-1511. [PMID: 22408404 PMCID: PMC3291973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13021497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by enhanced intestinal absorption of dietary iron. Without therapeutic intervention, iron overload leads to multiple organ damage such as liver cirrhosis, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, arthritis, hypogonadism and skin pigmentation. Most HH patients carry HFE mutant genotypes: homozygosity for p.Cys282Tyr or p.Cys282Tyr/p.His63Asp compound heterozygosity. In addition to HFE gene, mutations in the genes that encode hemojuvelin (HJV), hepcidin (HAMP), transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2) and ferroportin (SLC40A1) have been associated with regulation of iron homeostasis and development of HH. The aim of this review was to identify the main gene mutations involved in the pathogenesis of type 1, 2, 3 and 4 HH and their genetic testing indication. HFE testing for the two main mutations (p.Cys282Tyr and p.His63Asp) should be performed in all patients with primary iron overload and unexplained increased transferrin saturation and/or serum ferritin values. The evaluation of the HJV p.Gly320Val mutation must be the molecular test of choice in suspected patients with juvenile hemochromatosis with less than 30 years and cardiac or endocrine manifestations. In conclusion, HH is an example that genetic testing can, in addition to performing the differential diagnostic with secondary iron overload, lead to more adequate and faster treatment.
Collapse
|
3
|
Santos PCJL, Soares RAG, Krieger JE, Guerra-Shinohara EM, Pereira AC. Genotyping of the hemochromatosis HFE p.H63D and p.C282Y mutations by high-resolution melting with the Rotor-Gene 6000® instrument. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 49:1633-6. [PMID: 21679129 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genotyping of HFE p.C282Y and p.H63D mutations is one of the most requested molecular analyses in the laboratorial routine. In this scenario, the main aim was to develop a genotyping assay that has advantages compared to other methods. METHODS Genotypes for the HFE p.C282Y (c.G845A; rs1800562) and p.H63D (c.C187G, rs1799945) mutations were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by high resolution melting (HRM) analysis with the Rotor-Gene 6000(®) instrument. Validation studies were conducted in samples bi-directionally sequenced. RESULTS The melting assay was developed in a unique procedure and to ensure the result in approximately 112 min (31 min for sample preparation and 81 min for the PCR-HRM step). Genotypes for the HFE p.C282Y mutation were easily distinguished in the region of 80-86°C. For the HFE p.H63D, genotypes were also easily distinguished in the region of 76-82°C, but using the addition of known wild-type genotype DNA in all unknown samples plus a reaction without addition. In validation, genotypes were 100% concordant between methods. CONCLUSIONS Our genotyping assay with the Rotor-Gene 6000(®) instrument applies to the laboratorial routine with several advantages, especially in large-scale demand. The main advantages were the non-dependence on gel electrophoresis and on mutagenic reagents for visualization of fragments, reduction of the chances for contamination due to sample preparation, the lack of use of probe-based methods and cost-effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Caleb Junior Lima Santos
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Márki-Zay J, Klein CL, Gancberg D, Schimmel HG, Dux L. European External Quality Control Study on the Competence of Laboratories to Recognize Rare Sequence Variants Resulting in Unusual Genotyping Results. Clin Chem 2009; 55:739-47. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.112102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Depending on the method used, rare sequence variants adjacent to the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of interest may cause unusual or erroneous genotyping results. Because such rare variants are known for many genes commonly tested in diagnostic laboratories, we organized a proficiency study to assess their influence on the accuracy of reported laboratory results.Methods: Four external quality control materials were processed and sent to 283 laboratories through 3 EQA organizers for analysis of the prothrombin 20210G>A mutation. Two of these quality control materials contained sequence variants introduced by site-directed mutagenesis.Results: One hundred eighty-nine laboratories participated in the study. When samples gave a usual result with the method applied, the error rate was 5.1%. Detailed analysis showed that more than 70% of the failures were reported from only 9 laboratories. Allele-specific amplification-based PCR had a much higher error rate than other methods (18.3% vs 2.9%). The variants 20209C>T and [20175T>G; 20179_20180delAC] resulted in unusual genotyping results in 67 and 85 laboratories, respectively. Eighty-three (54.6%) of these unusual results were not recognized, 32 (21.1%) were attributed to technical issues, and only 37 (24.3%) were recognized as another sequence variant.Conclusions: Our findings revealed that some of the participating laboratories were not able to recognize and correctly interpret unusual genotyping results caused by rare SNPs. Our study indicates that the majority of the failures could be avoided by improved training and careful selection and validation of the methods applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- János Márki-Zay
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Christoph L Klein
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | - David Gancberg
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium
- European Commission, Directorate-General for Research, Health Biotechnology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heinz G Schimmel
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium
| | - László Dux
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- QualiCont Kht., Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bach V, Barceló MJ, Altés A, Remacha A, Félez J, Baiget M. Genotyping the HFE gene by melting point analysis with the LightCycler system: Pros and cons. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2006; 36:288-91. [PMID: 16515868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2005.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The assay that combines rapid-cycle PCR with allele-specific fluorescent probe melting profiles performed on the Roche Diagnostics LightCycler is commonly employed for genotyping the HFE gene. We report three illustrative cases of the pros and cons of this method. In two cases, atypical melting curves allows the identification of new DNA substitutions in the HFE gene, whereas, in the third case, a typical melting curve of c.845G>A mutation (C282Y) homozygosity overlooks a nucleotide change and promotes misdiagnosis of HH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Bach
- Servei de Genètica, Hospital de Sant Pau, Avda. Pare Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Szilvási A, Andrikovics H, Kalmár L, Bors A, Tordai A. Asymmetric PCR increases efficiency of melting peak analysis on the LightCycler. Clin Biochem 2005; 38:727-30. [PMID: 15982647 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2004] [Revised: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 04/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically analyze the effects of asymmetric PCR on LightCycler melting analyses of four different allelic-discrimination systems and to reduce an inconsistent non-specific melting peak observed during factor V Leiden genotyping. DESIGN AND METHODS PCR amplifications and melting analyses were carried out with various oligonucleotide concentrations and ratios. To monitor the efficiency, calculated peak area values were compared after melting analyses. RESULTS Peak area values increased by a mean of 11.2-fold (range: 6 to 17) in case of an amplification primer ratio of 1:6.7 asymmetric PCR compared to symmetric primer conditions in four different SNP-genotyping systems. Using a complementary hybridization probe set for factor V Leiden genotyping, a converse amplification primer ratio was necessary for similar results. CONCLUSIONS Asymmetric PCR resulting in the formation of higher amounts of target strands significantly increases the efficiency of LightCycler allelic-discrimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Szilvási
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Hematology and Immunology, National Medical Center, Diószegi út 64, Budapest H-1113, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Rapid advances in the understanding of genomic variation affecting drug responses, and the development of multiplex assay technologies, are converging to form the basis for new in vitro diagnostic assays. These molecular diagnostic assays are expected to guide the therapeutic treatment of many diseases, by informing physicians about molecular subtypes of disease that require differential treatment, which drug has the greatest probability of effectively managing the disease, and which individual patients are at the highest risk of experiencing adverse reactions to a given drug therapy. This article reviews some of the relative strengths and limitations of the most widely used technologies and platforms for such assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter H Koch
- Roche Molecular Systems, Pharmacogenetics Department, 4300 Hacienda Drive, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Geier A, Reugels M, Weiskirchen R, Wasmuth HE, Dietrich CG, Siewert E, Gartung C, Lorenzen J, Bosserhoff AK, Brügmann M, Gressner AM, Matern S, Lammert F. Common heterozygous hemochromatosis gene mutations are risk factors for inflammation and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Liver Int 2004; 24:285-94. [PMID: 15287851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2004.0928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C is frequently associated with increased hepatic iron stores. It remains controversial whether heterozygous mutations of hemochromatosis genes affect fibrosis progression. Therefore our aim was to assess associations between HFE mutations and hepatic inflammation and stage of fibrosis in German hepatitis C patients. METHODS Liver biopsies from 166 patients were scored for inflammatory activity (A0-4) and hepatic fibrosis (F0-4). Gene mutations were determined by LightCycler, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, or direct sequencing. RESULTS The frequencies of common HFE mutations C282Y and H63D are 4.2% and 21.3%, whereas the recently described S65C substitution and the Y250X mutation in the transferrin receptor 2 gene are very rare. In regression analysis, heterozygous carriers of C282Y or H63D mutations display significantly (P < 0.05) higher inflammatory activities and more advanced fibrosis than patients without mutations. For C282Y heterozygous patients, the odds ratios for marked inflammatory activity (A2-4) and advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis (F2-4) are 4.9 and 4.6, respectively, compared with patients carrying homozygous wild-type alleles. C282Y mutations are associated with significantly (P < 0.05) increased serum iron and aminotransferase levels, whereas H63D heterozygotes display higher transferrin saturation, serum iron, and ferritin concentrations compared to wild-type (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Common heterozygous hemochromatosis mutations are associated with higher grades of inflammation and more severe hepatic fibrosis. Our findings support a role of HFE mutations as primary risk factors for fibrogenesis and disease progression in chronic hepatitis C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Geier
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen University (RWTH), Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Simple and reliable genotyping technology is a key to success for high-throughput genetic screening in the post-genome era. Here we have developed a new real-time PCR genotyping approach that uses displacement hybridization-based probes: displacing probes. The specificity of displacing probes could be simply assessed through denaturation analysis before genotyping was implemented, and the probes designed with maximal specificity also showed the greatest detection sensitivity. The ease in design, the simple single-dye labeling chemistry and the capability to adopt degenerated negative strands for point mutation genotyping make the displacing probes both cost effective and easy to use. The feasibility of this method was first tested by detecting the C282Y mutation in the human hemochromatosis gene. The robustness of this approach was then validated by simultaneous genotyping of five different types of mutation in the human beta-globin gene. Sixty-two human genomic DNA samples with nine known genotypes were accurately detected, 32 random clinical samples were successfully screened and 114 double-blind DNA samples were all correctly genotyped. The combined merits of reliability, flexibility and simplicity should make this method suitable for routine clinical testing and large-scale genetic screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Tumor Cell Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|