DeGeorge JJ, Ahn CH, Andrews PA, Brower ME, Choi YS, Chun MY, Du T, Lee-Ham DY, McGuinn WD, Pei L, Sancilio LF, Schmidt W, Sheevers HV, Sun CJ, Tripathi S, Vogel WM, Whitehurst V, Williams S, Taylor AS. Considerations for toxicology studies of respiratory drug products.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1997;
25:189-93. [PMID:
9185894 DOI:
10.1006/rtph.1997.1099]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The standard approaches for the preclinical development of chronically administered drugs also apply to most respiratory drugs. Modifications from the standard preclinical development plan, however, may be necessary if the drug is administered intranasally or by inhalation. Administration by these routes may result in airway toxicity and the intended patient population is often particularly susceptible. Current and former representatives of the Division of Pulmonary Drug Products (CDER, U.S. FDA) present this article to describe general principles of preclinical development for respiratory drug indications. The article addresses drugs intended for administration by the intranasal or inhalation routes. The article describes the types of studies recommended, considers the initial human dose, and discusses dose-escalation strategies in clinical trials. Other areas of special concern with intranasal or inhalation administration include immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, types of dosing apparatus, excipients and extractables, and formulation changes. The approaches described in this article are intended as general information and should be adapted to the scientific considerations and circumstances of a particular drug under development.
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