1
|
Coco MI, Guariglia C, Pizzamiglio L. Unconventionally trendy: The pluralistic endeavour of Cortex into the human cognitive neurosciences. Cortex 2024; 170:101-106. [PMID: 38114360 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moreno I Coco
- Sapienza, Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Roma, Italy; I. R. C. S. S. Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Sapienza, Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Roma, Italy; I. R. C. S. S. Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy.
| | - Luigi Pizzamiglio
- Sapienza, Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Roma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barton JJ, Rubino C, Albonico A, Jackson M, Davies-Thompson J. Right hemi-alexia. Cortex 2022; 157:288-303. [PMID: 36370599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While pure alexia was long considered a disconnection syndrome, it may also be a selective visual word agnosia due to damage to the visual word form area. Disconnection is still the likely explanation of hemi-alexias, though, particularly when splenial lesions damage inter-hemispheric projections and cause left hemi-alexia. An intra-hemispheric disconnection causing right hemi-alexia is theoretically possible but seems very rare, with only a single report that has been challenged on the grounds of inadequate perimetry. We describe the case of PH, who had a severe reading deficit in her right hemifield. Detailed perimetry showed only a small relative hemi-scotoma along the horizontal meridian, while word reading was impaired over a much larger expanse of her right hemifield, in which object recognition was spared. Reading, lexical decisions, and perceptual discrimination of words were impaired in the right hemifield, and this extended to letters and numbers, with a trend to an effect on the perception of an unfamiliar script, namely Korean. On magnetic resonance imaging she had a large left lateral occipital meningioma with vasogenic edema of occipital white matter tracts. Functional magnetic resonance imaging showed that the visual word form area was located just anterior to the mass. Her perceptual abnormalities resolved after resection of the tumor. We conclude that right hemi-alexia exists and is most likely due to intra-hemispheric disconnection of occipital input to the visual word form area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Js Barton
- Departments of Medicine (Neurology), Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Cristina Rubino
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitative Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Andrea Albonico
- Departments of Medicine (Neurology), Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - MaryLou Jackson
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gerlach C, Robotham RJ. Object recognition and visual object agnosia. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 178:155-173. [PMID: 33832675 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821377-3.00008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The term visual agnosia is used to refer to recognition disorders that are confined to the visual modality, that are not due to an impairment in sensory functions, and that cannot be explained by other cognitive deficits or by general reduction in intellectual ability. Here, we describe the different types of visual agnosia that have been reported (form agnosia, integrative agnosia, associative agnosia, transformational and orientation agnosia as well as category-specific impairments such as pure alexia and prosopagnosia) and how they relate to the current understanding of visual object recognition. Together with related disorders such as simultanagnosia, texture agnosia, aphantasia, and optic aphasia, these visual perceptual impairments can have severe consequences for those affected. We suggest how in-depth assessment can be carried out to determine the type and the extent of these impairments. In the context of clinical assessment, a step-by-step approach reflecting a posterior to anterior gradient in visual object recognition, from more perceptual to more memory-related processes, is suggested. Individually tailored interventions targeting the identified impairments can be initiated based on the results of the assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gerlach
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Ro Julia Robotham
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hemifield coding in ventral object-sensitive areas – Evidence from visual hemiagnosia. Cortex 2018; 98:149-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
5
|
Meichtry JR, Cazzoli D, Chaves S, von Arx S, Pflugshaupt T, Kalla R, Bassetti CL, Gutbrod K, Müri RM. Pure optic ataxia and visual hemiagnosia - extending the dual visual hypothesis. J Neuropsychol 2017; 12:271-290. [PMID: 28258660 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Goodale and Milner's two visual system hypothesis is an influential model for the understanding of the primate visual system. Lesions of either the ventral (occipito-temporal) or the dorsal (occipito-parietal) stream produce distinct and dissociated syndromes in humans: visual agnosia is typical for ventral damage, whereas optic ataxia (OA) for dorsal damage. We studied the case of a 59-year-old left-handed woman with a circumscribed lesion around the left posterior occipital sulcus, extending to the underlying white matter. Initially, she presented with a central visual field OA, which regressed to an OA to the right visual hemifield during the 3 months observation period. In addition, tachistoscopic experiments showed visual hemiagnosia to the right visual hemifield. In line with the findings of the neuropsychological experiments, the analysis of the structural MR data by means of a trackwise hodologic probabilistic approach revealed damage to the left superior longitudinal fasciculus and to the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, indicating an impairment of both the dorsal and the ventral stream. The combination of OA and visual hemiagnosia in the same patient has never been previously described. The present case study thus provides further insights for the understanding of visual processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jurka R Meichtry
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland.,Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dario Cazzoli
- Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Chaves
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian von Arx
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Pflugshaupt
- Center of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, State Hospital Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Roger Kalla
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio L Bassetti
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland
| | - Klemens Gutbrod
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland.,Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - René M Müri
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland.,Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pflugshaupt T, Nösberger M, Gutbrod K, Weber KP, Linnebank M, Brugger P. Bottom-up Visual Integration in the Medial Parietal Lobe. Cereb Cortex 2014; 26:943-949. [PMID: 25331599 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Largely based on findings from functional neuroimaging studies, the medial parietal lobe is known to contribute to internally directed cognitive processes such as visual imagery or episodic memory. Here, we present 2 patients with behavioral impairments that extend this view. Both had chronic unilateral lesions of nearly the entire medial parietal lobe, but in opposite hemispheres. Routine neuropsychological examination conducted >4 years after the onset of brain damage showed little deficits of minor severity. In contrast, both patients reported persistent unusual visual impairment. A comprehensive series of tachistoscopic experiments with lateralized stimulus presentation and comparison with healthy participants revealed partial visual hemiagnosia for stimuli presented to their contralesional hemifield, applying inferential single-case statistics to evaluate deficits and dissociations. Double dissociations were found in 4 experiments during which participants had to integrate more than one visual element, either through comparison or formation of a global gestalt. Against the background of recent neuroimaging findings, we conclude that of all medial parietal structures, the precuneus is the most likely candidate for a crucial involvement in such bottom-up visual integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Pflugshaupt
- Department of Neurology.,Center of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, State Hospital Luzern, Luzern, Switzerland
| | | | - Klemens Gutbrod
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Konrad P Weber
- Department of Neurology.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barban F, Zannino GD, Santangelo V, Macaluso E, Serra L, Caltagirone C, Carlesimo GA. Amblyopic dyslexia: a little investigated reading disorder. Neurocase 2010; 16:397-407. [PMID: 20401806 DOI: 10.1080/13554791003620298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of a little investigated reading disorder we call 'amblyopic dyslexia'. The reading impairment in this patient resulted from a left extrastriate and white matter lesion causing a scotomatic area of partial deficit within the right visual field. The visual deficit was consistent with cerebral amblyopia, that is, reduced form, colour, and light sensitivity without a complete loss of vision. The patient's reading deficit was characterized by accurate single letter naming and almost accurate but effortful single word reading, with no letter-by-letter strategy. The criteria for distinguishing amblyopic dyslexia from other reading disorders and the most appropriate treatment are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Barban
- Clinical and Behavioural Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arduino LS, Daini R, Caterina Silveri M. A stimulus-centered reading disorder for words and numbers: Is it neglect dyslexia? Neurocase 2005; 11:405-15. [PMID: 16393754 DOI: 10.1080/13554790500263503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A single case, RCG, showing a unilateral reading disorder without unilateral spatial neglect was studied. The disorder was characterized by substitutions of the initial (left) letters of words, nonwords and Arabic numbers, independently of egocentered spatial coordinates. MRI showed a bilateral lesion with the involvement of the splenium. Although, within the framework of the visual word recognition model proposed by Caramazza and Hillis (1990), RCG disorder could be defined as a stimulus-centered neglect dyslexia, we discuss the hypothesis of a dissociation in neural correlates and mechanisms between the syndrome of unilateral spatial neglect and such a unilateral reading disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Arduino
- Istituto di Psicologia, Universita' degli Studi di Urbino - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione ISTC-CNR, Roma.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
A 73-year old man showed visual and tactile agnosia following bilateral haemorrhagic stroke. Tactile agnosia was present in both hands, as shown by his impaired recognition of objects, geometrical shapes, letters and nonsense shapes. Basic somatosensory functions and the appreciation of substance qualities (hylognosis) were preserved. The patient's inability to identify the stimulus shape (morphagnosia) was associated with a striking impairment in detecting the orientation of a line or a rod in two- and three-dimensional space. This spatial deficit was thought to underlie morphagnosia, since in the tactile modality form recognition is built upon the integration of the successive changes of orientation in space made by the hand as it explores the stimulus. Indirect support for this hypothesis was provided by the location of the lesions, which could not account for the severe impairment of both hands. Only those located in the right hemisphere encroached upon the posterior parietal cortex, which is the region assumed to be specialised in shape recognition. The left hemisphere damage spared the corresponding area and could not, therefore, be held responsible for the right hand tactile agnosia. We submit that tactile agnosia can result from the disruption of two discrete mechanisms and has different features. It may arise from a parietal lesion damaging the high level processing of somatosensory information that culminates in the structured description of the object. In this case, tactile recognition is impaired in the hand contralateral to the side of the lesion. Alternatively, it may be caused by a profound derangement of spatial skills, particularly those involved in detecting the orientation in space of lines, segments and complex patterns. This deficit results in morphagnosia, which affects both hands to the same degree.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Saetti
- Neurology Department, University of Modena, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|