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Padilla-Martínez II, Cruz A, García-Báez EV, Rosales-Hernández MC, Mendieta Wejebe JE. N-substitution Reactions of 2-Aminobenzimidazoles to Access Pharmacophores. Curr Org Synth 2023; 20:177-219. [PMID: 35272598 DOI: 10.2174/1570179419666220310124223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazole (BI) and its derivatives are interesting molecules in medicinal chemistry because several of these compounds have a diversity of biological activities and some of them are even used in clinical applications. In view of the importance of these compounds, synthetic chemists are still interested in finding new procedures for the synthesis of these classes of compounds. Astemizole (antihistaminic), Omeprazole (antiulcerative), and Rabendazole (fungicide) are important examples of compounds used in medicinal chemistry containing BI nuclei. It is interesting to observe that several of these compounds contain 2-aminobenzimidazole (2ABI) as the base nucleus. The structures of 2ABI derivatives are interesting because they have a planar delocalized structure with a cyclic guanidine group, which have three nitrogen atoms with free lone pairs and labile hydrogen atoms. The 10-π electron system of the aromatic BI ring conjugated with the nitrogen lone pair of the hexocyclic amino group, making these heterocycles to have an amphoteric character. Synthetic chemists have used 2ABI as a building block to produce BI derivatives as medicinally important molecules. In view of the importance of the BIs, and because no review was found in the literature about this topic, we reviewed and summarized the procedures related to the recent methodologies used in the N-substitution reactions of 2ABIs by using aliphatic and aromatic halogenides, dihalogenides, acid chlorides, alkylsulfonic chlorides, carboxylic acids, esters, ethyl chloroformates, anhydrides, SMe-isothioureas, alcohols, alkyl cyanates, thiocyanates, carbon disulfide and aldehydes or ketones to form Schiff bases. The use of diazotized 2ABI as intermediate to obtain 2-diazoBIs was included to produce Nsubstituted 2ABIs of pharmacological interest. Some commentaries about their biological activity were included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzia I Padilla-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Instituto Politécnico Nacional UPIBI, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México, 07340, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Cruz
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Instituto Politécnico Nacional UPIBI, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México, 07340, Mexico
| | - Efrén V García-Báez
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Instituto Politécnico Nacional UPIBI, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México, 07340, Mexico
| | - Martha C Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Distrito Federal 11340, México
| | - Jessica E Mendieta Wejebe
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Distrito Federal 11340, México
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Baba Y, Ishiguro T, Gochi M, Shimizu Y, Takayanagi N. A 72-Year-Old Woman With Respiratory Failure and Bilateral Ground-Glass Opacities. Chest 2020; 158:e41-e45. [PMID: 32654738 PMCID: PMC7330554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A 72-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea on exertion. Sputum cytologic evaluation revealed intranuclear inclusion bodies in the cells; we therefore considered viral pneumonia and performed a bronchoscopy. The bronchial washing fluid was positive for immunoperoxidase staining of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) and HSV1 polymerase chain reaction. The patient was diagnosed as having pneumonia due to HSV1 and was successfully treated with acyclovir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Baba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Saitama, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa City, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishiguro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Mina Gochi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Saitama, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa City, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Shimizu
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Noboru Takayanagi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Saitama, Japan
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Abstract
Infectious diseases are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. With new pathogens continuously emerging, known infectious diseases reemerging, increasing microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents, global environmental change, ease of world travel, and an increasing immunosuppressed population, recognition of infectious diseases plays an ever-important role in surgical pathology. This becomes particularly significant in cases where infectious disease is not suspected clinically and the initial diagnostic workup fails to include samples for culture. As such, it is not uncommon that a lung biopsy becomes the only material available in the diagnostic process of an infectious disease. Once the infectious nature of the pathological process is established, careful search for the causative agent is advised. This can often be achieved by examination of the hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections alone as many organisms or their cytopathic effects are visible on routine staining. However, ancillary studies such as histochemical stains, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, or molecular techniques may be needed to identify the organism in tissue sections or for further characterization, such as speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annikka Weissferdt
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicinec, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
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Zhurilo NI, Chudinov MV, Matveev AV, Smirnova OS, Konstantinova ID, Miroshnikov AI, Prutkov AN, Grebenkina LE, Pulkova NV, Shvets VI. Isosteric ribavirin analogues: Synthesis and antiviral activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 28:11-14. [PMID: 29173944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The novel isosteric ribavirin analogues were synthesized by two different ways. Some of them showed significant antiviral action against hepatitis C virus (HCV), herpes simplex (HCV-1) and influenza A virus comparable to that of ribavirin itself. The data obtained confirm the proposed theory of the ribavirin possible antiviral activity mechanism related with bioisosterism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay I Zhurilo
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Tehnologies, Moscow Technological University, Vernadskogo Pr. 78, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Chudinov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Tehnologies, Moscow Technological University, Vernadskogo Pr. 78, 119454 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey V Matveev
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Tehnologies, Moscow Technological University, Vernadskogo Pr. 78, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga S Smirnova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 16/10, 117997 GSP, Moscow B-437, Russia
| | - Irina D Konstantinova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 16/10, 117997 GSP, Moscow B-437, Russia
| | - Anatoly I Miroshnikov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 16/10, 117997 GSP, Moscow B-437, Russia
| | - Alexander N Prutkov
- Moscow Politechnical University, Bolshaya Semenovskaya Str., 38, 107023 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyubov E Grebenkina
- Moscow Politechnical University, Bolshaya Semenovskaya Str., 38, 107023 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya V Pulkova
- Moscow Politechnical University, Bolshaya Semenovskaya Str., 38, 107023 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly I Shvets
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Tehnologies, Moscow Technological University, Vernadskogo Pr. 78, 119454 Moscow, Russia
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Kharitonova MI, Denisova AO, Andronova VL, Kayushin AL, Konstantinova ID, Kotovskaya SK, Galegov GA, Charushin VN, Miroshnikov AI. New modified 2-aminobenzimidazole nucleosides: Synthesis and evaluation of their activity against herpes simplex virus type 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2484-2487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Bonacchi M, Di Lascio G, Harmelin G, Pasquini A, Peris A, Sani G. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory, life-threatening, and herpes simplex virus 1-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our experience and literature review. Am J Emerg Med 2011; 30:1014.e3-1014.e10. [PMID: 21665410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report our first experience of treating an immunocompetent adult patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to type 1 herpes simplex (HSV1) pneumonitis, using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Similar cases reported in literature are reviewed as well. The therapeutic options for this particular complication are discussed. Pneumonia caused by HSV1 is a rare finding in immunocompetent individuals; it occurs more often in immunosuppressed and ventilated patients. It is a severe illness; therefore, early diagnosis and initiation of treatment are imperative. Diagnosis is based on cytologic and histologic findings, viral cultures, or serologic methods. This condition can be reversible; however, often, it can progress into refractory ARDS with limited therapeutic options available. We demonstrate the causative role of HSV1 in refractory ARDS of a previously healthy 18-year-old man who presented to the intensive care unit with acute respiratory distress after a week of flulike syndrome. Due to severe hypoxemia and hypercarbia, the patient required mechanical ventilation and later emergent blood oxygenation with extracorporeal support. For the first time in this condition, we used venovenous ECMO management, to rest the lung, sustain blood oxygenation and end-organ oxygen delivery, and promote potential lung recovery. During ECMO and after our etiologic diagnosis, specific therapy was introduced. After viral negativization, corticosteroid therapy (Meduri protocol) was initiated. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation allowed us to initiate therapy while maintaining end-organ oxygenation and support the patient until lung recovery. After 18 days of ECMO, our patient recovered completely. Near-normal lung structures and functions were documented on a chest x-ray/computed tomography, thoracic ultrasonography, and pulmonary functional tests at hospital discharge and at a 1-year follow-up. Data suggest that severe pulmonary involvement in HVS1 infection associated with septicemia/shock is a rare but often fatal in immunocompetent adult as well. We suggest that ECMO might be the selected treatment for severe refractory ARDS in this clinical scenario. It seems to be an effective and useful ultimate therapeutic strategy for preventing death and furthermore permitting near-full pulmonary function recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bonacchi
- Cardiac Surgery, Medical and Surgical Critical Care Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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