Abnormal breathing patterns

Small-Scale Perception in Medical Body Area Networks

Objective: Non-invasive respiration detection methods are of great value to healthcare applications and disease diagnosis with their advantages of minimizing the patient’s physical burden and lessen the requirement of active cooperation of the subject. This method avoids extra preparations, reduces environmental constraints, and strengthens the possibility of real-time respiratory detection. Furthermore, identifying abnormal breathing patterns in real-time is necessary for the diagnosis and monitoring of possible respiratory disorders. Method: A non-invasive method for detecting multiple breathing patterns using C-band sensing technique is presented, which is used for identifying different breathing patterns in addition to extract respiratory rate. We first evaluate the feasibility of this non-contact method in measuring different breathing patterns. Then, we detect several abnormal breathing patterns associated with certain respiratory disorders at real time using C-band sensing technique in indoor environment. Results: Mean square error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (CC) are used to evaluate the correlation between C-band sensing technique and contact respiratory sensor. The results show that all the MSE are less than 0.6 and all CC are more than 0.8, yielding a significant correlation between the two used for detecting each breathing pattern. Clinical Impact: C-band sensing technique is not only used to determine respiratory rates but also to identify breathing patterns, regarding as a preferred noncontact alternative approach to the traditional contact sensing methods. C-band sensing technique also provides a basis for the non-invasive detection of certain respiratory disorders.

Oxygen sensing: applications in humans

Our concepts of oxygen sensing have been transformed over the years. We now appreciate that oxygen sensing is not a unique property limited to “chemoreceptors” but is a common property of tissues and that responses to changes in oxygen levels are not static but can change over time. Respiratory responses initiated at the carotid body are modified by the excitatory and depressant effects of hypoxia at the brain and on the pathways connecting the carotid body to the brain. Equally important is that we are beginning to use our understanding of the cellular and molecular pathways triggered by hypoxia and hyperoxia to identify therapeutic targets to treat diseases such as cancer. We also have a better understanding of the complexities of the human respiratory responses to hypoxia; however, major deficiencies remain in our ability to alter or even measure human ventilatory responses to oxygen deficiency.