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Fully organic electroactive monomers for electrochromic behaviors having high coloration efficiency and long cycle stability towards flexible Solid-State electrochromic device. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2
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Pande GK, Sun F, Kim DY, Eom JH, Park JS. Influence of ITO electrode on the electrochromic performance outcomes of viologen-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12746-12752. [PMID: 35480344 PMCID: PMC9040155 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) exhibit reversible optical changes under applied electrical stimuli. Transparent conducting electrodes (TCOs), generally constructed with indium tin oxide (ITO), are a vital component determining transparency and switching behaviors. ITO specifications for TCO materials have not drawn much attention despite the critical role of these materials. Herein we investigate the influence of ITO electrodes in achieving high-performance ECDs containing viologen-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS-viologen). Indeed, ITO electrodes exert significant effects on the electrochromic characteristics. A high ITO thickness shows superior color-switching with high optical density and coloration efficiency levels. Enhanced electrical conductivity facilitates diffusion behaviors, an outcome beneficial for electrochromic switching. The surface-charge capacity ratio values are measured and found to be close to one, indicating that no residual current remains, and the prepared devices provide good reversibility during the coloring and bleaching process. Furthermore, with an increase in the ITO thickness, the current required for the coloring and bleaching processes decreases, and the power consumption needed for the operation of the device becomes low. The superiority of POSS-viologen should also be noted, especially when compared to normal viologens, in terms of the electrochromic properties and long-term operational stability. These results demonstrate the critical role of electrical conductivity in ITO electrodes, providing a valuable guideline for TCO specifications for ECD fabrication using viologen derivatives. The influence of ITO electrodes is investigated in achieving high-performance ECDs containing viologen derivatives.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav K Pande
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Fayong Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hee Eom
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong S Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
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3
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Shchegolkov AV, Jang SH, Shchegolkov AV, Rodionov YV, Sukhova AO, Lipkin MS. A Brief Overview of Electrochromic Materials and Related Devices: A Nanostructured Materials Perspective. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092376. [PMID: 34578692 PMCID: PMC8472674 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exactly 50 years ago, the first article on electrochromism was published. Today electrochromic materials are highly popular in various devices. Interest in nanostructured electrochromic and nanocomposite organic/inorganic nanostructured electrochromic materials has increased in the last decade. These materials can enhance the electrochemical and electrochromic properties of devices related to them. This article describes electrochromic materials, proposes their classification and systematization for organic inorganic and nanostructured electrochromic materials, identifies their advantages and shortcomings, analyzes current tendencies in the development of nanomaterials used in electrochromic coatings (films) and their practical use in various optical devices for protection from light radiation, in particular, their use as light filters and light modulators for optoelectronic devices, as well as methods for their preparation. The modern technologies of “Smart Windows”, which are based on chromogenic materials and liquid crystals, are analyzed, and their advantages and disadvantages are also given. Various types of chromogenic materials are presented, examples of which include photochromic, thermochromic and gasochromic materials, as well as the main physical effects affecting changes in their optical properties. Additionally, this study describes electrochromic technologies based on WO3 films prepared by different methods, such as electrochemical deposition, magnetron sputtering, spray pyrolysis, sol–gel, etc. An example of an electrochromic “Smart Window” based on WO3 is shown in the article. A modern analysis of electrochromic devices based on nanostructured materials used in various applications is presented. The paper discusses the causes of internal and external size effects in the process of modifying WO3 electrochromic films using nanomaterials, in particular, GO/rGO nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Viktorovich Shchegolkov
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia;
- Correspondence: (A.V.S.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Sung-Hwan Jang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 15588, Korea
- Correspondence: (A.V.S.); (S.-H.J.)
| | | | - Yuri Viktorovich Rodionov
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Graphics, Tambov State Technical University, 392000 Tambov, Russia;
| | - Anna Olegovna Sukhova
- Department of Nature Management and Environment Protection, Tambov State Technical University, 392000 Tambov, Russia;
| | - Mikhail Semenovich Lipkin
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia;
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Macher S, Rumpel M, Schott M, Posset U, Giffin GA, Löbmann P. Avoiding Voltage-Induced Degradation in PET-ITO-Based Flexible Electrochromic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:36695-36705. [PMID: 32664716 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The cycling stability of flexible electrochromic devices (ECDs) under humid atmospheres is limited by irreversible indium tin oxide (ITO) reduction. A strategy to limit this degradation was developed and tested for model ECDs based on a sidechain-modified poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) derivative and Prussian blue (PB). This work reveals that the cycling stability is reduced by dissolution of the ITO thin films and formation of metallic indium particles on the surface of the ITO layers. The ITO degradation strongly depends on the applied electrode potentials in combination with moisture ingress into the ECDs. To avoid ITO reduction in ECDs, efforts were made to adjust the electrode potentials. ECDs equipped with an auxiliary reference electrode were set up to gather knowledge on the actual electrode potentials. By adjusting the electrode charge density ratio, it was possible to narrow the overall cell voltage window to an extent in which irreversible ITO reduction no longer occurs. Detailed investigation of ECDs with the optimized cell configuration (charge density ratio) showed that the overall device performance with regard to visible light transmittance change and response time is not impaired and that the cycling stability under humid atmosphere (90% rH) is dramatically improved. Thus, the proposed strategy offers an excellent perspective for the commercialization of flexible ECDs upon their enhanced durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Macher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Fraunhofer R&D Center Electromobility, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rumpel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Fraunhofer R&D Center Electromobility, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Schott
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Fraunhofer R&D Center Electromobility, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Posset
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Fraunhofer R&D Center Electromobility, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Guinevere A Giffin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Fraunhofer R&D Center Electromobility, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peer Löbmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Fraunhofer R&D Center Electromobility, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
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5
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Kanao M, Seino Y, Higuchi M. Thermally Tough Electrochromic Devices with Metallo-Supramolecular Polymer: Investigation of Gel Electrolyte Component and Fabrication Process. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2020. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.33.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Kanao
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
| | - Yuki Seino
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
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6
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Enhanced Electrochromic Properties by Improvement of Crystallinity for Sputtered WO3 Film. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10060577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten oxide (WO3) is widely used as a functional material for “smart windows” due to its excellent electrochromic properties, however it is difficult to overcome the conflict between its optical modulation and cyclic stability. In this work, WO3 thin films with different crystal structures were prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering method. The effects of substrate temperature on the structure, composition, and electrochromic properties of WO3 films were investigated. The results show that the crystallinity of the WO3 film increases with increasing deposition temperature, indicating that temperature plays an important role in controlling the structure of the WO3 film. For WO3 thin films formed at a substrate temperature of 573 K, the film is in an amorphous state to a crystalline transition state. From X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the thin film showed a weak WO3 crystallization peak, which was in the composite structure of amorphous and nanocrystalline. Which has the best electrochromic properties, with modulation amplitude of 73.1% and bleached state with a coloration efficiency of 42.9 cm2/C at a wavelength of 550 nm. Even after 1500 cycles, the optical modulation still contains 65.4%, delivering the best cyclic stability.
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Shi Y, Chen Q, Zheng J, Xu C. Electrochromism of substituted phthalate derivatives and outstanding performance of corresponding multicolor electrochromic devices. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Allen SL, Zamborini FP. Size-Selective Electrophoretic Deposition of Gold Nanoparticles Mediated by Hydroquinone Oxidation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2137-2145. [PMID: 30649886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the size-selective, hydroquinone (HQ)-mediated electrophoretic deposition of 4 and 15 nm diameter citrate-stabilized Au nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glass/indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrode. Protons liberated from HQ during electrochemical oxidation at the Au NP surface during collisions with the glass/ITO electrode lead to Au NP deposition through neutralization of the citrate stabilizer surrounding the Au NPs, protonation of the glass/ITO electrode, or some combination of the two. Interestingly, the 4 nm Au NPs deposit at about 300-400 mV more negative potential than that of 15 nm diameter Au NPs because of faster HQ oxidation kinetics at the 4 nm NPs, leading to lower overpotentials. This allows for selective deposition of the 4 nm Au NPs over 15 nm Au NPs in a solution containing a mixture of the two by controlling the electrode potential. Controlled pH experiments indicate that significant NP deposition occurs on glass/ITO at a pH of ∼3, giving insight into the local pH needed from HQ oxidation in order to deposit the Au NPs. Experiments performed at different ionic strengths confirm that migration is a major mode of mass transport of the NPs to the glass/ITO. Long deposition times lead to films of densely packed Au NPs that are mostly free from NP-NP contact, indicating that some electrostatic repulsion between the NPs remains during the deposition. This simple method of Au NP deposition may find use for separation of Au NPs and electrode device preparation for a variety of sensor and electrocatalysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L Allen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky 40292 , United States
| | - Francis P Zamborini
- Department of Chemistry , University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky 40292 , United States
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9
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Levasseur D, Mjejri I, Rolland T, Rougier A. Color Tuning by Oxide Addition in PEDOT:PSS-Based Electrochromic Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E179. [PMID: 30960163 PMCID: PMC6401723 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedi-oxythiophene) (PEDOT) derivatives conducting polymers are known for their great electrochromic (EC) properties offering a reversible blue switch under an applied voltage. Characterizations of symmetrical EC devices, built on combinations of PEDOT thin films, deposited with a bar coater from commercial inks, and separated by a lithium-based ionic membrane, show highest performance for 800 nm thickness. Tuning of the color is further achieved by mixing the PEDOT film with oxides. Taking, in particular, the example of optically inactive iron oxide Fe₂O₃, a dark blue to reddish switch, of which intensity depends on the oxide content, is reported. Careful evaluation of the chromaticity parameters L*, a*, and b*, with oxidizing/reducing potentials, evidences a possible monitoring of the bluish tint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphin Levasseur
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux., ICMCB, UMR 5026, Bx INP, F-33600 Pessac, France.
- Aquitaine Sciences Transfert, 33405 Talence, France.
| | - Issam Mjejri
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux., ICMCB, UMR 5026, Bx INP, F-33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Thomas Rolland
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux., ICMCB, UMR 5026, Bx INP, F-33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Aline Rougier
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux., ICMCB, UMR 5026, Bx INP, F-33600 Pessac, France.
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10
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Abstract
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) have aroused great interest because of their potential applicability in displays and smart systems, including windows, rearview mirrors, and helmet visors. In the last decades, different device structures and materials have been proposed to meet the requirements of commercial applications to boost market entry. To this end, employing simple device architectures and achieving a competitive electrolyte are crucial to accomplish easily implementable, high-performance ECDs. The present review outlines devices comprising gel electrolytes as a single electroactive layer ("all-in-one") ECD architecture, highlighting some advantages and opportunities they offer over other electrochromic systems. In this context, gel electrolytes not only overcome the drawbacks of liquid and solid electrolytes, such as liquid's low chemical stability and risk of leaking and soil's slow switching and lack of transparency, but also exhibit further strengths. These include easier processability, suitability for flexible substrates, and improved stabilization of the chemical species involved in redox processes, leading to better cyclability and opening wide possibilities to extend the electrochromic color palette, as discussed herein. Finally, conclusions and outlook are provided.
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11
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Jamdegni M, Kaur-Ghumaan S, Kaur A. Study of polyaniline and functionalized ZnO composite film linked through a binding agent for efficient and stable electrochromic applications. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.08.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Conducting polymers revisited: applications in energy, electrochromism and molecular recognition. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Kanao M, Higuchi M. Synthesis of Ni-Based Metallo-Supramolecular Polymer with Bis-NNO-Tridentate Ligand for Electrochromic Devices. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2016. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.29.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Kanao
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
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Jain V, Yochum HM, Montazami R, Heflin JR. Green colouring electrochromic devices of water-soluble polythiophene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1680/nme.14.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Kuo CP, Chang CL, Hu CW, Chuang CN, Ho KC, Leung MK. Tunable electrofluorochromic device from electrochemically controlled complementary fluorescent conjugated polymer films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:17402-17409. [PMID: 25277120 DOI: 10.1021/am505539g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescent behavior of the electrofluorochromic devices (Type I) of greenish-yellow emitting P1 and blue emitting P2 can be reversibly switched between the nonfluorescent (oxidized) state and the fluorescent (neutral) state with a superb on/off ratio of 23.8 and 21.9, respectively. Moreover, a tunable electrofluorochromic device (Type II) based on two P1 and P2 polymeric layers that are coated individually on two independent ITO electrodes shows switchable blue-white-(greenish-yellow) multifluorescence states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Po Kuo
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute , Hsinchu 300, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan, R.O.C
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16
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Alesanco Y, Palenzuela J, Viñuales A, Cabañero G, Grande HJ, Odriozola I. Polyvinyl Alcohol-Borax Slime as Promising Polyelectrolyte for High-Performance, Easy-to-Make Electrochromic Devices. ChemElectroChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Shaplov AS, Ponkratov DO, Aubert PH, Lozinskaya EI, Plesse C, Maziz A, Vlasov PS, Vidal F, Vygodskii YS. Truly solid state electrochromic devices constructed from polymeric ionic liquids as solid electrolytes and electrodes formulated by vapor phase polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Bulloch RH, Kerszulis JA, Dyer AL, Reynolds JR. Mapping the broad CMY subtractive primary color gamut using a dual-active electrochromic device. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:6623-6630. [PMID: 24746185 DOI: 10.1021/am500290d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although synthetic efforts have been fruitful in coarse color control, variations to an electrochromic polymer (ECP) backbone are less likely to allow for the fine control necessary to access the variations and shades of color needed in display applications. Through the use of thin films of cyan, magenta, and yellow ECPs, non-emissive subtractive color mixing allows the color of an electrochromic device (ECD) to be selected and tailored, increasing access to various subtle shades and allowing for a non-emissive display to exhibit a wide range of colors. Using a dual-active ECD, subtractive color mixing utilizing the cyan-magenta-yellow (CMY) primary system was examined. The bounds of the gamut, or the subset of accessible colors, using these three 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (PProDOT)-derived materials in combination with the recently recognized 3,4-propylenedioxypyrrole-based minimally color changing polymer (MCCP) were mapped, highlighting the benefit of applying subtractive color mixing toward the development of full-color non-emissive displays. Here, we demonstrate that ECPs are suitable for the generation of a wide gamut of colors through secondary mixing when layered as two distinct films, exhibiting both vibrantly colored and highly transmissive states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayford H Bulloch
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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SIJU CR, SARAVANAN TR, RAO KNARASIMHA, SINDHU S. Optical, Electrochemical, and Structural Properties of Spray Coated Dihexyl Substituted Poly (3,4 Propylene Dioxythiophene) Film for Optoelectronics Devices. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2013.853666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Shaplov AS, Ponkratov DO, Aubert PH, Lozinskaya EI, Plesse C, Vidal F, Vygodskii YS. A first truly all-solid state organic electrochromic device based on polymeric ionic liquids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:3191-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49876j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of polymeric ionic liquids in solvent-free electrochromic devices offers simple application of the latter in wide glazing and display production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Shaplov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS)
- 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis O. Ponkratov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS)
- 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pierre-Henri Aubert
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI)
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Elena I. Lozinskaya
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS)
- 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Cédric Plesse
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI)
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Vidal
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI)
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Yakov S. Vygodskii
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS)
- 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Chiang TY, Huang MC, Tsai CH. The effects of solvent on the electrochromic properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01618a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Paradee N, Sirivat A. Synthesis of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanoparticles via chemical oxidation polymerization. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nophawan Paradee
- Conductive and Electroactive Polymer Research Unit; Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Anuvat Sirivat
- Conductive and Electroactive Polymer Research Unit; Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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23
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Triphenylamine-based multielectrochromic material and its neutral green electrochromic devices. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Star-shaped conjugated systems derived from thienyl-derivatized poly(triphenylamine)s as active materials for electrochromic devices. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Baycan Koyuncu F, Sefer E, Koyuncu S, Ozdemir E. The New Branched Multielectrochromic Materials: Enhancing the Electrochromic Performance via Longer Side Alkyl Chain. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2013833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Baycan Koyuncu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Emre Sefer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Sermet Koyuncu
- Çan Vocational School, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17400 Çanakkale, Turkey
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Eyup Ozdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey
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Watanabe Y, Nakamura K, Kobayashi N. Electrochromic properties of the polyethylene terephthalate derivative film-modified electrode. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Watanabe
- Department of Image and Materials Science, Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakamura
- Department of Image and Materials Science, Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Norihisa Kobayashi
- Department of Image and Materials Science, Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
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Koyuncu S, Usluer O, Can M, Demic S, Icli S, Serdar Sariciftci N. Electrochromic and electroluminescent devices based on a novel branched quasi-dendric fluorene-carbazole-2,5-bis(2-thienyl)-1H-pyrrole system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02366c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Usluer O, Koyuncu S, Demic S, Janssen RAJ. A novel high-contrast ratio electrochromic material from spiro[cyclododecane-1,9′-fluorene]bicarbazole. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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A novel multichromic copolymer via electrochemical copolymerization of (S)-1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diyl bis(N-(6-hexanoic acid-1-yl) pyrrole) and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Beaujuge PM, Reynolds JR. Color Control in π-Conjugated Organic Polymers for Use in Electrochromic Devices. Chem Rev 2010; 110:268-320. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1408] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre M. Beaujuge
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - John R. Reynolds
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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Forgie JC, Kanibolotsky AL, Skabara PJ, Coles SJ, Hursthouse MB, Harrington RW, Clegg W. Electrochemical, Spectroelectrochemical, and Comparative Studies of Novel Organic Conjugated Monomers and Polymers Featuring the Redox-Active Unit Tetrathianaphthalene. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900010n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John C. Forgie
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Alexander L. Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Peter J. Skabara
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Simon J. Coles
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Michael B. Hursthouse
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ross W. Harrington
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - William Clegg
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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Deepa M, Awadhia A, Bhandari S. Electrochemistry of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polyaniline/Prussian blue electrochromic devices containing an ionic liquid based gel electrolyte film. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:5674-85. [DOI: 10.1039/b900091g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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WATANABE Y, NAGASHIMA T, KOBAYASHI N. Spectro-electrochemical Properties of Phthalate Derivative-based Electrochromic Cell with Gel Electrolyte Containing DMSO Solvent. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.77.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Electrochromic performance of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Prussian blue device encompassing a free standing proton electrolyte film. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Padilla J, Otero TF. Electrochromic conducting polymers: optical contrast characterization of chameleonic materials. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2008; 3:035006. [PMID: 18667759 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3182/3/3/035006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The optical characterization in the visible wavelength range was obtained for an electrochromic material, poly-3, 4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene (PEDOT), as a function of its redox charge density (charge consumed for the color change between its maximum and minimum absorbance states). The experimental procedure was kept very simple and all the information can be obtained from only one film, including the identification of the maximum achievable contrast for the material. Different films of the electrochromic material were tested in order to check the validity of the predicted values, showing excellent agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Padilla
- Center for Electrochemistry and Intelligent Materials, C/Carlos III s/n., Campus Alfonso XIII, Technical University of Cartagena, 30203, Spain.
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Self-supported semi-interpenetrating polymer networks for new design of electrochromic devices. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Cihaner A, Algı F. A processable rainbow mimic fluorescent polymer and its unprecedented coloration efficiency in electrochromic device. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Hou J, Zhang S, Chen TL, Yang Y. A new n-type low bandgap conjugated polymer P-co-CDT: synthesis and excellent reversible electrochemical and electrochromic properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:6034-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b812489b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cebeci FÇ, Geyik H, Sezer E, Sezai Sarac A. Synthesis, electrochemical characterization and impedance studies on novel thiophene-nonylbithiazole-thiophene comonomer. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kraft A, Rottmann M, Gilsing HD, Faltz H. Electrodeposition and electrochromic properties of N-ethyl substituted poly(3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole). Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Manisankar P, Vedhi C, Selvanathan G, Gurumallesh Prabu H. Influence of surfactants on the electrochromic behavior of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Cebeci FÇ, Sezer E, Sarac AS. Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of bis(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)-(4,4′-dinonyl-2,2′-bithiazole) comonomer. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Huang LM, Chen CH, Wen TC, Gopalan A. Effect of secondary dopants on electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of polyaniline. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Erenburg MR, Popov AA, Semenikhin OA. Spectroelectrochemical Properties of Some Polymers of Polythiophene Series. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11175-005-0122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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MortimerPermanent address: Departme RJ, Reynolds JR. In situ colorimetric and composite coloration efficiency measurements for electrochromic Prussian blue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b418771g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Conducting polymers are excellent candidates for applications in displays, mirrors, windows, light-emitting diodes, photovoltaics, near-infrared devices and electrochromic devices. From these potential applications, in this article, we will focus on the electrochromic polymers and devices. Although several objective studies have been conducted in the last decade, bringing to light many advantages over other types of electrochromics, polymeric electrochromics have not yet received the industrial attention that they deserve. One of the most important and dazzling advantages of polymers over the other types of electrochromics is the ease of modification of a polymer's backbone, that changes almost the entire properties of the material and switches many disadvantages into advantages. Our recent completion of the deficient third leg of additive primary colour space was a very good example of tailoring the polymer backbone. This discovery could be considered as one of the milestones of commercialization of polymeric electrochromics. In this article, we will also discuss the completion of the additive primary colours, red, green and blue (RGB), in polymeric electrochromics and their ways of commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursel Sonmez
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Orhanli, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Reeves BD, Grenier CRG, Argun AA, Cirpan A, McCarley TD, Reynolds JR. Spray Coatable Electrochromic Dioxythiophene Polymers with High Coloration Efficiencies. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma049222y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Reeves
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, and Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804
| | - Christophe R. G. Grenier
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, and Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804
| | - Avni A. Argun
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, and Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804
| | - Ali Cirpan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, and Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804
| | - Tracy D. McCarley
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, and Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804
| | - John R. Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, and Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804
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