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Abstract
The 2XXX Al alloys are characterized by their superior mechanical properties resulting from alloying elements and precipitation hardening treatments. The AA2524-T3 alloy was developed to replace the AA2024-T3 alloy in the aerospace industry. However, both alloys present many intermetallic particles (IMCs) in their microstructure, and this is the main reason for their high susceptibility to localized corrosion (such as pitting and stress corrosion cracking). Despite the similarities between these alloys (e.g., chemical composition and type of intermetallics) the literature comparing their properties is scarce and focuses mainly on their mechanical properties, not their corrosion resistances. In this investigation, the corrosion resistance of the AA2524-T3 alloy was compared to the AA2024-T3 alloy. The microstructure of both alloys was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy before and after immersion in the test electrolyte, and the number and area fraction of intermetallics of each alloy was determined. The corrosion resistance of both alloys was monitored as a function of exposure time by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the results were fitted using electrical equivalent circuits. The AA2524-T3 alloy presented not only higher impedance values but also less corroded areas than the AA2024-T3 alloy.
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Recktenwald D, Mardare CC, Mardare AI, Jinga LI, Socol G, Hassel AW. Combinatorial screening of dysprosium-magnesium-zinc alloys for bioresorptive implants. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Shetty PP, Daryadel S, Haire BT, Tucker ZR, Wu T, Subramani V, Morrison JJ, Quayle P, Yeates S, Braun PV, Krogstad JA. Low-Temperature Pack Aluminization Process on Pipeline Steel To Inhibit Asphaltene Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:47596-47605. [PMID: 31738853 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Asphaltene deposition in petroleum refineries is known to be problematic as it reduces efficiency and may lead to structural failure or production downtime. Though several successful approaches have been utilized to limit deposition through the addition of dispersants and inhibitors to petroleum, these methods require constant intervention and are often expensive. In this study, we demonstrate an innovative technique to engineer the surface chemistry of pipeline steels to inhibit asphaltene deposition. Pack aluminization, a standard industrial-scale chemical vapor deposition process, is employed at a low temperature of 600 °C to aluminize API 5L X65 high strength pipe steel substrates. The results showed deposit-free steel surfaces after high-pressure and high-temperature fouling experiments. The improvement is attributed to the formation of an aluminide intermetallic phase of Fe2Al5, which changes the native oxide chemistry to favor alumina over hematite. The continuous passivating oxide scale, acting as a protective barrier, mitigates asphaltene deposition and sulfidic corrosion. Because this process is based on alloying the surface of the steel and is not a coating with a weakly adhered interface, it is not prone to delamination, and it can be re-formed when damaged within the aluminized region. The combination of low-cost processing and improved antifouling characteristics makes surface chemistry modification of steel a promising preventative approach against asphaltene deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barnaby T Haire
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | | | | | - Velu Subramani
- Refining and Logistics Technology , BP Products North America, Inc. , Naperville , Illinois 60563 , United States
| | - John J Morrison
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Peter Quayle
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Stephen Yeates
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
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Travassos S, Tomachuk C, de Melo H. EIS investigation and patina characterization of weathering steel exposed to each of the four seasons in the São Paulo metropolitan area. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhang H, Chen Y. Experimental and theoretical studies of benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acid media. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cho S, Cubides Y, Castaneda H. Probing the degradation mechanism of a Cr(VI) coating/aluminum alloy 2024-T3 system based on dynamic mechanisms and a 2D deterministic-probabilistic approach. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Golru SS, Attar M, Ramezanzadeh B. Morphological analysis and corrosion performance of zirconium based conversion coating on the aluminum alloy 1050. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang X, Xiao GY, Liu B, Jiang CC, Lu YP. Influence of processing time on the phase, microstructure and electrochemical properties of hopeite coating on stainless steel by chemical conversion method. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00721f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Distinct nanoscale structures of hopeite coating on stainless steel are found which may have potential significance for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Ji'nan
- China
| | - Gui-yong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Ji'nan
- China
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Ji'nan
- China
| | - Cong-cong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Ji'nan
- China
| | - Yu-peng Lu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Ji'nan
- China
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Chen Y, Jiang YY, Chen H, Zhang Z, Zhang JQ, Cao CN. Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Acidic Medium by Linseed Oil-Based Imidazoline. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Effect of cerium (IV) ions on the anticorrosion properties of siloxane-poly(methyl methacrylate) based film applied on tin coated steel. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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The effects to the structure and electrochemical behavior of zinc phosphate conversion coatings with ethanolamine on magnesium alloy AZ91D. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Domínguez-Crespo MA, Torres-Huerta AM, Rodil SE, Brachetti-Sibaja SB, de la Cruz W, Flores-Vela A. XPS and EIS studies of sputtered Al–Ce films formed on AA6061 aluminum alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-009-0039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yu HC, Chen BZ, Shi XC, Wu HY, Li B. EIS investigation of the deposition of trivalent chromium coatings on Al 6063 alloy. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-008-9673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Microstructure of Trivalent Chromium Conversion Coating on Electrogalvanized Steel Plate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2932053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Roeper DF, Chidambaram D, Clayton CR, Halada GP. Development of an environmentally friendly protective coating for the depleted uranium–0.75wt.% titanium alloy. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Andreatta F, Aldighieri P, Paussa L, Di Maggio R, Rossi S, Fedrizzi L. Electrochemical behaviour of ZrO2 sol–gel pre-treatments on AA6060 aluminium alloy. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Palomino LE, Suegama PH, Aoki IV, Pászti Z, de Melo HG. Investigation of the corrosion behaviour of a bilayer cerium-silane pre-treatment on Al 2024-T3 in 0.1M NaCl. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cho K, Shankar Rao V, Kwon H. Microstructure and electrochemical characterization of trivalent chromium based conversion coating on zinc. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Palomino LE, Aoki IV, de Melo HG. Microstructural and electrochemical characterization of Ce conversion layers formed on Al alloy 2024-T3 covered with Cu-rich smut. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Reis F, de Melo H, Costa I. EIS investigation on Al 5052 alloy surface preparation for self-assembling monolayer. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Investigation of the chromate conversion coating on Alclad 2024 aluminium alloy: effect of the pH of the chromate bath. Electrochim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(01)00818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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