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Quiroz-Arturo H, Reinoso C, Scherf U, Palma-Cando A. Microporous Polymer-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Metronidazole: Experimental and Theoretical Insights. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:180. [PMID: 38251144 PMCID: PMC10819510 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The persistence and potential toxicity of emergent pollutants pose significant threats to biodiversity and human health, emphasizing the need for sensors capable of detecting these pollutants at extremely low concentrations before treatment. This study focuses on the development of glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) modified by films of poly-tris(4-(4-(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)silanol (PTPTCzSiOH), poly-4,4'-Di(carbazol-9-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl (PCBP), and poly-1,3,5-tri(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (PTCB) for the detection of metronidazole (MNZ) in aqueous media. The films were characterized using electrochemical, microscopy, and spectroscopy techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Monomers were electropolymerized through cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. Computational methods at the B3LYP/def2-TZVP level were employed to investigate the structural and electrochemical properties of the monomers. The electrochemical detection of MNZ utilized the linear sweep voltammetry technique. Surface characterization through SEM and XPS confirmed the proper electrodeposition of polymer films. Notably, MPN-GCEs exhibited higher detection signals compared to bare GCEs up to 3.6 times in the case of PTPTCzSiOH-GCEs. This theoretical study provides insights into the structural, chemical, and electronic properties of the polymers. The findings suggest that polymer-modified GCEs hold promise as candidates for the development of electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Quiroz-Arturo
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100115, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Reinoso
- School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100115, Ecuador
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry and Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials @ Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Alex Palma-Cando
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100115, Ecuador
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2
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Sariga, Varghese A. The Renaissance of Ferrocene-Based Electrocatalysts: Properties, Synthesis Strategies, and Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:32. [PMID: 37910233 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The fascinating electrochemical properties of the redox-active compound ferrocene have inspired researchers across the globe to develop ferrocene-based electrocatalysts for a wide variety of applications. Advantages including excellent chemical and thermal stability, solubility in organic solvents, a pair of stable redox states, rapid electron transfer, and nontoxic nature improve its utility in various electrochemical applications. The use of ferrocene-based electrocatalysts enables control over the intrinsic properties and electroactive sites at the surface of the electrode to achieve specific electrochemical activities. Ferrocene and its derivatives can function as a potential redox medium that promotes electron transfer rates, thereby enhancing the reaction kinetics and electrochemical responses of the device. The outstanding electrocatalytic activity of ferrocene-based compounds at lower operating potentials enhances the specificity and sensitivity of reactions and also amplifies the response signals. Owing to their versatile redox chemistry and catalytic activities, ferrocene-based electrocatalysts are widely employed in various energy-related systems, molecular machines, and agricultural, biological, medicinal, and sensing applications. This review highlights the importance of ferrocene-based electrocatalysts, with emphasis on their properties, synthesis strategies for obtaining different ferrocene-based compounds, and their electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sariga
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Anitha Varghese
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India.
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3
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Kaltenberg AA, Somov NV, Malysheva YB, Vorozhtsov DL, Grishin ID. Synthesis of Novel
Pseudocloso
Ruthenacarboranes based on an Unsubstituted
nido
‐C
2
B
9
H
11
2−
Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Kaltenberg
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod 603950 Gagarin prospect 23 Nizhny Novgorod Russia
| | - Nikolay V. Somov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod 603950 Gagarin prospect 23 Nizhny Novgorod Russia
| | - Yulia B. Malysheva
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod 603950 Gagarin prospect 23 Nizhny Novgorod Russia
| | - Dmitry L. Vorozhtsov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod 603950 Gagarin prospect 23 Nizhny Novgorod Russia
| | - Ivan D. Grishin
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod 603950 Gagarin prospect 23 Nizhny Novgorod Russia
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4
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Extension of the potential intervals of high redox activity and electronic conductivity of polypyrrole films on electrode surface via their electrochemical multi-cycle treatment in monomer-free solution. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Revising the chemistry of κ2-dppe-closo-RuC2B9H11 fragment: Synthesis of novel diamagnetic complexes and its transformations. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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The synthesis of 3,3,3-(Ph2P)3CH-closo-3,1,2-RuC2B9H11, a novel ruthenacarborane complex with a chelate tridentate ligand. Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Penkal' AM, D'yachihin DI, Somov NV, Shchegravina ES, Grishin ID. Synthesis of novel closo-carborane complexes of ruthenium (II) with triphenylphosphine or acetonitrile ligands via reduction of paramagnetic Ru(III) derivatives. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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8
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Del Hierro I, Gómez-Ruiz S, Pérez Y, Cruz P, Prashar S, Fajardo M. Mesoporous SBA-15 modified with titanocene complexes and ionic liquids: interactions with DNA and other molecules of biological interest studied by solid state electrochemical techniques. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12914-12932. [PMID: 30131980 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02011f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The immobilization of two titanocene complexes on SBA-15 has been accomplished following post-synthetic procedures. The ionic liquid, 1-methyl-3-[(triethoxysilyl)propyl]imidazolium chloride, has also been incorporated into the titanium containing materials to determine its influence on the interaction with molecules of biological interest. Cyclic voltammetry has been used to study the influence of the ionic liquid on the mechanism of reduction of titanocene derivatives. The interaction of titanocene and titanocene/ionic liquid-containing mesoporous silica SBA-15 materials, with molecules of biological interest associated with important processes of metallodrug action against cancer cells, has been studied. Thus, we have carried out hydrolysis experiments on the materials functionalized with titanocene derivatives in physiological media to determine their stability and the interaction with serum/transport proteins such as transferrin and BSA and with target molecules such as guanosine, single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA by means of solid state voltammetry techniques. A qualitative analysis of the data based on peak current and reduction potential value changes of the couple Ti(iv)/Ti(iii) in the presence of biomolecules at physiological pH, has revealed that grafted titanocene complexes show higher affinity for serum/transport proteins than for nucleic acids, indicating that the transport steps to the cells may be easier than the subsequent attack on DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Del Hierro
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán S/N, E-28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain.
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9
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Kolyakina EV, Grishin ID, Gruzdeva LN, Grishin DF. Polymerization of methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile in the presence of copper BIAN complex. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-018-0636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Kuhn A, Conradie J. Orbital control over the metal vs. ligand reduction in a series of neutral and cationic bis(cyclopentadienyl) Ti( iv) complexes. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03746e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
LUMO of a complex reveals the extent of the electronic influence of ligand substituents on the reduction centre of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry
- University of the Free State
- Bloemfontein
- South Africa
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry
- University of the Free State
- Bloemfontein
- South Africa
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11
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Ilichev VA, Rozhkov AV, Rumyantcev RV, Fukin GK, Grishin ID, Dmitriev AV, Lypenko DA, Maltsev EI, Yablonskiy AN, Andreev BA, Bochkarev MN. LMCT facilitated room temperature phosphorescence and energy transfer in substituted thiophenolates of Gd and Yb. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:3041-3050. [PMID: 28207021 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04519g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To obtain luminescent lanthanide complexes with a low energy LMCT state the 2-(2'-mercaptophenyl)benzothiazolates, Ln(SSN)3, and 2-(2'-mercaptophenyl)benzoxazolates, Ln2(OSN)6 (Ln = Gd, Yb), were synthesized by the reaction of amides Ln[N(SiMe3)2]3 with respective thiophenols. Ytterbium complexes were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the deprotonated mercaptophenyl ligands have significantly lower oxidation potentials than their phenoxy analogues and some β-diketones. The photophysical properties of Gd and Yb compounds were studied both in solution and in the solid state. The fluorescence spectra of the compounds in solution display the bands of the keto and enol forms of the ligands. No energy transfer from the organic part to Yb3+ has been detected in solutions of both Yb complexes, whereas in solids an intense metal-centered emission in the near infrared region was observed. The solid Gd compounds exhibited room temperature phosphorescence caused by unusually efficient intersystem crossing facilitated by the essentially reducing properties of OSN and SSN ligands. To explain the sensitization process occurring in solids Yb2(OSN)6 and Yb(SSN)3 a specific non-resonant energy transfer mechanism via a ligand to metal charge transfer state has been proposed. Based on the Yb derivatives, NIR-emitting OLEDs with 860 μW cm-2 maximal irradiance were obtained. Their Gd counterparts showed bright electrophosphorescence (up to 1350 cd m-2) in the devices containing doped emission layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A Ilichev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropininast. 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | - Anton V Rozhkov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropininast. 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | - Roman V Rumyantcev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropininast. 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | - Georgy K Fukin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropininast. 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | - Ivan D Grishin
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina avenue 23/2, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Artem V Dmitriev
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 31, 199071 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry A Lypenko
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 31, 199071 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Eugeny I Maltsev
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 31, 199071 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Artem N Yablonskiy
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures of Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 ul. Akademicheskaya, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Boris A Andreev
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina avenue 23/2, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation and Institute for Physics of Microstructures of Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 ul. Akademicheskaya, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail N Bochkarev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropininast. 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation. and Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina avenue 23/2, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
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12
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Synthesis of metallacarborane ruthenium(ii) and ruthenium(iii) complexes with chelate 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane ligand and their mutual transformation in one-electron redox reactions. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-016-1484-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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14
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Cherkasov VK, Druzhkov NO, Zolotukhin AA, Shavyrin AS, Egorova EN. 3, 6-Di(tert-butyl)-o-benzoquinone fluoroalkylated derivatives. Russ Chem Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Beverina L, Pagani GA, Sassi M. Multichromophoric electrochromic polymers: colour tuning of conjugated polymers through the side chain functionalization approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:5413-30. [PMID: 24647618 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00163j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochromic materials have gained constantly increasing interest over the years with respect to their inorganic counterpart due to essentially two distinctive characteristics: their processability through solution based low cost processes and their wide colour palette. Such characteristic features enabled their application in displays, smart windows, electronic paper and ophthalmic lenses. Alongside the established concept of donor-acceptor polymers, side chain functionalized multichromophoric polymers are gaining attention as a highly performing and synthetically feasible alternative, particularly relevant to applications requiring a complete colourlessness in one of the accessible redox states of the material. The primary aim of the present article is to review all the results involving the tuning of the native electrochromic properties of simple conjugated polymers through the introduction of a discrete electrochromic molecule as a side chain substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Beverina
- University of Milano-Bicocca
- Department of Material Science
- Milano, Italy I-20125
| | - G. A. Pagani
- University of Milano-Bicocca
- Department of Material Science
- Milano, Italy I-20125
| | - M. Sassi
- University of Milano-Bicocca
- Department of Material Science
- Milano, Italy I-20125
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16
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Grishin ID, Agafonova KS, Tyurin AP, D’yachihin DI, Chizhevsky IT, Grishin DF. Study of paramagnetic iron and ruthenium metallacarboranes using cyclic voltammetry and matrix-activated laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight spectrometry. Russ Chem Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-014-0532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Grishin ID, Agafonova KS. Study of ferrocene derivatives Fe(C5H4X)(C5H5−n Y n ) by cyclic voltammetry and matrix-activated laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Russ Chem Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-014-0536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Zhao Y, Ding Y, Li Y, Peng L, Byon HR, Goodenough JB, Yu G. A chemistry and material perspective on lithium redox flow batteries towards high-density electrical energy storage. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:7968-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00289c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the latest advances and challenges from a chemistry and material perspective on Li-redox flow batteries that combine the synergistic features of Li-ion batteries and redox flow batteries towards large-scale high-density energy storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
| | - Yu Ding
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Yutao Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Lele Peng
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | | | - John B. Goodenough
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
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19
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Konev DV, Devillers CH, Lizgina KV, Baulin VE, Vorotyntsev MA. Electropolymerization of non-substituted Mg(II) porphine: Effects of proton acceptor addition. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Solution and solid state properties of Fe(III) complexes bearing N-ethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)salicylaldiminate ligands. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Synthesis and characterization of mixed-ligand ferracarboranes. Direct metalation of the nido-carborane [nido-7,8-C2B9H12]− mono-anion with 14-e [Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2]FeCl2 (n = 2, 3). J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Turac E, Sahmetlioglu E, Demircan A, Toppare L. Synthesis and characterization of conducting copolymer of Trans-1-(4-methyl-3′-thienyl)-2-(ferrocenyl)ethene with EDOT. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Arias-Pardilla J, Giménez-Gómez PA, de la Peña A, Segura JL, Otero TF. Synthesis, electropolymerization and characterization of a cross-linked PEDOT derivative. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm14909e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Arias-Pardilla J, Otero T, Yu HH. Electropolymerization and characterization of COOH-functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): Ionic exchanges. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Vorotyntsev MA, Skompska M, Rajchowska A, Borysiuk J, Donten M. A new strategy towards electroactive polymer–inorganic nanostructure composites. Silver nanoparticles inside polypyrrole matrix with pendant titanocene dichloride complexes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Manivel A, Sivakumar R, Anandan S, Ashokkumar M. Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of Hybrid Phosphomolybdate–Polybenzidine Containing Silver Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Detection of Chlorate, Bromate and Iodate Ions in Aqueous Solutions. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-011-0072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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27
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Skompska M, Tarajko-Wazny A. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies of polymerization and redox process of poly(1,8-diaminocarbazole) in protic and aprotic solutions. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Vorotyntsev MA, Konev DV, Devillers CH, Bezverkhyy I, Heintz O. Electroactive polymeric material with condensed structure on the basis of magnesium(II) polyporphine. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotube electrodes functionalized by electropolymerized tris(pyrrole-ether bipyridine) ruthenium (II). Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Otero TF, Arias-Pardilla J, Herrera H, Segura JL, Seoane C. Electropolymerization of naphthaleneamidinemonoimide-modified poly(thiophene). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:16513-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Heinze J, Frontana-Uribe BA, Ludwigs S. Electrochemistry of conducting polymers--persistent models and new concepts. Chem Rev 2010; 110:4724-71. [PMID: 20557047 DOI: 10.1021/cr900226k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 632] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Heinze
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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32
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Arias-Pardilla J, Walker W, Wudl F, Otero TF. Reduction and Oxidation Doping Kinetics of an Electropolymerized Donor−Acceptor Low-Bandgap Conjugated Copolymer. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:12777-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1038865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Arias-Pardilla
- Group of Electrochemistry, Intelligent Materials and Devices (GEMDI), Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, ETSII, E- 30203, Cartagena, Spain, and Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - W. Walker
- Group of Electrochemistry, Intelligent Materials and Devices (GEMDI), Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, ETSII, E- 30203, Cartagena, Spain, and Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - F. Wudl
- Group of Electrochemistry, Intelligent Materials and Devices (GEMDI), Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, ETSII, E- 30203, Cartagena, Spain, and Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - T. F. Otero
- Group of Electrochemistry, Intelligent Materials and Devices (GEMDI), Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, ETSII, E- 30203, Cartagena, Spain, and Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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Magnesium(II) polyporphine: The first electron-conducting polymer with directly linked unsubstituted porphyrin units obtained by electrooxidation at a very low potential. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Oliveira Costa SD, Fernández Romero AJ, López Cascales JJ. Physicochemical study of the acetonitrile insertion into polypyrrole films. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:144702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3378267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Arias-Pardilla J, Otero T, Blanco R, Segura J. Synthesis, electropolymerization and oxidation kinetics of an anthraquinone-functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Electropolymerization of pyrrole in acetonitrile as affected by the nature of substitute and deposition potential. J Solid State Electrochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-009-0985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Electrochemical copolymerization of 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene and 3-methylthiophene and characterization of their copolymer with tunable fluorescence properties. J Solid State Electrochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-009-0945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
The paper gives a review of publications on polymers with conjugated matrices (PPy, PTh, PAni, hydrocarbon or mixed chains...) which incorporate metallocene complexes (Fe, Ru, Co; Ni, Ti, Zr, Ta) with two cyclopentadienyl ligands (Cp) and their derivatives, in particular with methylated cyclopentadienyl rings (Cp*), as well as hemi-metallocene complexes (Fe, Ru, Co, Mn), as pendant groups or inside the principal chain (part B). The information on related short-chain systems, monomers and oligomers, is also included. In part A, a brief overview of various conjugated polymer materials is presented, with their classification in accordance with the conductivity mechanism (ionic, electronic or mixed conductors) or with the structural type (linear-chain organic or mixed polymers, derivatization, metallopolymers, multi-dimensional structures, alternating and block copolymers with organic or mixed units, hybrid materials with a mixture of conjugated and inert polymers, polymers inside a solid matrix, conjugated polymers with incorporated nanoelements of transition metals, carbon, semiconductors etc.
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Electrochemical properties of metallocene hydroxo and oxo complexes of Ta(V): [Cp*(CpR)TaOHCl]+Cl−, R=H, SiMe3 or (CH2)3NC4H4, Cp*(Cp(CH2)3NC4H4)TaOCl. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Zhou WQ, Peng HP, Xu JK, Xia HY, Pu SZ. Electrochemical polymerization of phenanthrene in mixed electrolytes of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and concentrated sulfuric acid. POLYM INT 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Correia J, Graczyk M, Abrantes L, Vorotyntsev M. Polypyrrole films functionalized with pendant titanocene dichloride complexes: Ellipsometric study of the electropolymerization process. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Vorotyntsev MA, Skompska M, Graczyk M, Heinze J, Goux J, Le Gendre P, Moise C. Electrochemical and spectral properties of some tantalocene derivatives with one pentamethylated cyclopentadienyl ligand: Cp*(Cp-R)TaCl2 , R = H, SiMe3 or (CH2)3NC4H4. J Solid State Electrochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-007-0402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Cortina-Puig M, Muñoz-Berbel X, del Valle M, Muñoz FJ, Alonso-Lomillo MA. Characterization of an ion-selective polypyrrole coating and application to the joint determination of potassium, sodium and ammonium by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and partial least squares method. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 597:231-7. [PMID: 17683734 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A stable immobilization of ionophores (INPHs) was achieved by selectively electropolymerizing overoxidized pyrrol on the working electrode surface. The optimal conditions found allowed the immobilization of a huge amount of INPH which remained its recognition properties. A single sensing chip, containing a generic INPH or an INPH mixture, was employed to the joint quantification of potassium, ammonium and sodium in fertilizer samples. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and partial least square (PLS) regression were used to obtain and process the data, respectively. The sensing element (INPH) and the exposure time were optimized. The best results were obtained by using the dibenzo-18-crown-6 INPH after waiting for 60s, the time required to stabilize the impedimetric measurement. Taking into account that a single chip was employed, acceptable relative errors were obtained in the determination of potassium and ammonium (17% and 9%, respectively) in real fertilizer samples, also containing sodium. Although sodium concentration could not be estimated with precision, it had to be introduced into the calibration set data in order to model its interference with the other two ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Cortina-Puig
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Edifici Cn, Barcelona E-08193, Spain
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Skompska M, Chmielewski MJ, Tarajko A. Poly(1,8-diaminocarbazole) – A novel conducting polymer for sensor applications. Electrochem commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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45
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Electrochemically reduced titanocene dichloride as a catalyst of reductive dehalogenation of organic halides. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Debiemme-Chouvy C, Cachet H, Deslouis C. Investigation by EQCM of the electrosynthesis and the properties of polypyrrole films doped with sulphate ions and/or a Keggin-type heteropolyanion, SiMo12O404−. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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47
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Skompska M, Vorotyntsev MA, Refczynska M, Goux J, Lesniewska E, Boni G, Moise C. Electrosynthesis and properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films functionalized with titanocene dichloride complex. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Skompska M, Vorotyntsev MA, Goux J, Moise C, Heinz O, Cohen YS, Levi MD, Gofer Y, Salitra G, Aurbach D. Mechanism of redox transformation of titanocene dichloride centers immobilized inside a polypyrrole matrix—EQCM and XPS evidences. Electrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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50
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Fraga R, Correia J, Keese R, Abrantes L. Immobilization of Vitamin B12 onto solid electrodes by electropolymerization of a catalyst-modified monomer. Electrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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