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Torello CO, Souza-Queiroz J, Queiroz MLS. β-1,3-Glucan given orally modulates immunomyelopoietic activity and enhances the resistance of tumour-bearing mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 39:209-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- CO Torello
- Department of Pharmacology and Hemocentre; School of Medical Sciences; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - J Souza-Queiroz
- Department of Pharmacology and Hemocentre; School of Medical Sciences; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - MLS Queiroz
- Department of Pharmacology and Hemocentre; School of Medical Sciences; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas; São Paulo; Brazil
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da Mota MF, Benfica PL, Batista AC, Martins FS, de Paula JR, Valadares MC. Investigation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cell death mechanisms induced by Synadenium umbellatum Pax. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:319-329. [PMID: 21549815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Synadenium umbellatum Pax. is widely found in South America and empirically used in Brazil for the treatment of several diseases, mainly cancer. The aim of the study was to investigate cell death mechanisms induced by Synadenium umbellatum Pax. using Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells, as well as the myelotoxicity potential of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS S. umbellatum cytotoxicity was evaluated in EAT cells by trypan blue exclusion and MTT reduction test and the mechanisms involved in EAT cell death were investigated by light and fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. Investigation of S. umbellatum myelotoxicity was performed by clonogenic assay of colony forming unit- granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that S. umbellatum decreased the viability of EAT cells using both methods. Morphological analyses revealed that S. umbellatum-treatment induced EAT cell death by apoptotic pathway. We demonstrated the occurrence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overgeneration, increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential, phosphatydylserine externalization, and activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9. However, S. umbellatum produced myelotoxicity in bone marrow cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In comparison to EAT cells, the effects of S. umbellatum in bone marrow cells were 8-fold lower. Taken together, our results showed that S. umbellatum induced apoptosis in EAT cells at several levels and seems more toxic to tumor cells than to normal bone marrow cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/toxicity
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Calcium/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/pathology
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Caspase 8/metabolism
- Caspase 9/metabolism
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Shape/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Euphorbiaceae
- Flow Cytometry
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells/drug effects
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells/pathology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mice
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Phosphatidylserines/metabolism
- Plant Components, Aerial
- Plants, Medicinal
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Flavia da Mota
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia Celular, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Y. Tshuva
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, Fax: +972‐2‐6584282
| | - James A. Ashenhurst
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, Fax: +972‐2‐6584282
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Claffey J, Deally A, Gleeson B, Hogan M, Méndez LMM, Müller-Bunz H, Patil S, Wallis D, Tacke M. Pseudo-halide derivatives of titanocene Y: synthesis and cytotoxicity studies. Metallomics 2009; 1:511-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b911753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Queiroz MLS, Valadares MC, Torello CO, Ramos AL, Oliveira AB, Rocha FD, Arruda VA, Accorci WR. Comparative studies of the effects of Tabebuia avellanedae bark extract and beta-lapachone on the hematopoietic response of tumour-bearing mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 117:228-235. [PMID: 18343063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Tabebuia avellanedae (TACE), traditionally prescribed in the treatment of cancer, and the naphtoquinone beta-lapachone (beta-lap) on the growth and differentiation of granulocyte and macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) were studied in Ehrlich ascites tumour-bearing mice. Myelosuppression concomitant with increases in spleen CFU-GM and in serum colony-stimulating activity (CSA) were observed in these animals. Treatment with TACE (30-500 mg/kg) and beta-lap (1-5mg/kg) reversed these effects in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal biologically active doses of 120 mg/kg TACE and 1mg/kg beta-lap prolonged life span of tumour-bearing mice, both producing the same rate of extension in the duration of survival. Toxic manifestations were produced by the higher doses of beta-lap in normal and tumour-bearing mice. In spite of similarities between treatments, TACE concentrations used to treat the animals presented no traces of beta-lap, as measured by TLC and HPLC analyses. Our findings suggest that the antitumour effect of TACE and beta-lap, acting synergistically with other factors, such as specific cytokines, may result from enhanced macrophage activation against tumour cells. In addition, it is clear from our results that hematopoietic disorders produced by tumours are an important pathological condition that must be considered in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L S Queiroz
- Departamento de Farmacologia and Hemocentro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade, Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, CP 6111, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Valadares MC, Ramos AL, Rehmann FJK, Sweeney NJ, Strohfeldt K, Tacke M, Queiroz MLS. Antitumour activity of [1,2-di(cyclopentadienyl)-1,2-di(p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-ethanediyl] titanium dichloride in xenografted Ehrlich's ascites tumour. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 534:264-70. [PMID: 16513106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Revised: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a new titanocene compound with an ansa ligand in the cyclopentadienyl rings, the 1,2-di(cyclopentadienyl)-1,2-di(p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-ethanediyl] titanium dichloride (TITANOCENE X), on the growth and differentiation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells [colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM)] and Natural killer (NK) cell activity in Ehrlich's ascites tumour (EAT)-bearing mice were studied. Myelosuppression concomitant with increased numbers of spleen CFU-GM was observed in tumour-bearing mice. Treatment of these animals with TITANOCENE X (2.5-50 mg/kg/day) produced an increase in myelopoiesis, in a dose-dependent manner, and reduced spleen colony formation. In addition, the treatment of EAT-bearing mice with 3 doses of 20 or 50 mg/kg TITANOCENE X restored to normal values the reduced Natural killer cell function observed during tumour growth. In parallel, TITANOCENE X prolonged, in a dose-dependent manner, the survival of mice inoculated with Ehrlich's ascites tumour. The highest dose of 50 mg/kg prolonged in 50% the survival time of EAT-bearing mice, compared to non-treated tumour-bearing controls. In comparison with previous results from our laboratory addressing the effects of titanocenes on haematopoiesis, we observed with TITANOCENE X a similar effective profile as for bis(cyclopentadienyl) dithiocyanate titanium(IV), being both less effective than di(cyclopentadienyl) dichloro titanium(IV), since the latter not only prolonged, but also increased the rate of survival. These differences in efficacy may be due to the nature of the ansa-cyclopentadienyl ligand used in TITANOCENE X, since the C2 bridge between the two cyclopentadienyl groups will increase the hydrolytic stability by an organometallic chelate effect. Also, the introduction of two dimethylamino substituents increases the water solubility of TITANOCENE X when compared to titanocene dichloride itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marize C Valadares
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Valadares MC, Carrucha SG, Accorsi W, Queiroz MLS. Euphorbia tirucalli L. modulates myelopoiesis and enhances the resistance of tumour-bearing mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 6:294-9. [PMID: 16399635 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2004] [Revised: 01/17/2005] [Accepted: 07/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Myelosuppression concomitant with increased numbers of spleen CFU-GM was observed in tumour-bearing mice. Treatment of these animals with Euphorbia tirucalli L. (ET) (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) stimulated marrow myelopoiesis and reduced spleen colony formation, with no differences observed between the effects of the three doses. The changes produced by the tumour in total and differential marrow cell counts were restored by the treatment with ET. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels, which were dramatically increased in tumour bearers, was also abrogated by the treatment with the plant extract. Euphorbia tirucalli L. significantly enhanced survival and concurrently reduced tumour growth in the peritoneal cavity. We propose that the modulatory effect of Euphorbia tirucalli L. on myelopoietic response and on the levels of PGE2 may be related to its antitumour activity as a possible mechanism for the regulation of granulocyte and macrophage production and expression of functional activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marize C Valadares
- Departamento de Farmacologia/Hemocentro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, FCM, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Silva AED, Serakides R, Ferreira E, Moraes JRC, Ocarino NDM, Cassali GD. [Effect of hypothyroidism on the solid form of Ehrlich tumor in intact or castrated adult female mice]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 48:867-74. [PMID: 15761562 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302004000600014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of hypothyroidism on the solid form of the Ehrlich tumor in intact or castrated adult female mice was studied. Hypothyroidism was induced by treatment with propylthiouracil (PTU). Forty mice were divided into four groups: castrated hypothyroid, intact hypothyroid, castrated euthyroid, and intact euthyroid. The mice were inoculated with suspension cells into the left footpad. The tumor growth curve was determined by measuring the inoculated footpad during 12 days. At the end of the experimental period the mice were sacrificed. Hypothyroidism was associated with a reduction in size of the tumor only in the castrated animals. Although the neoplastic growth was lower, mean nuclear diameter, number of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), and area of mitosis were higher. In conclusion, hypothyroidism resulted in a delayed growth of the tumor, but it did not affect the malignant features of the neoplastic cells. In addition, the isolated effect of castration caused only mild alterations, whereas hypothyroidism associated with castration resulted in a more prominent delay in the growth rate of the Ehrlich tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Estrêla da Silva
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG
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Valadares MC, Klein SI, Queiroz MLS. Titanocene modulation of cytokine imbalance induced by Ehrlich ascites tumour progression. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 503:203-8. [PMID: 15496315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2004] [Revised: 08/09/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we have studied the effects of two titanocenes, biscyclopentadienyldichlorotitanium IV (DDCT) and its derivative, biscyclopentadienylditiocianatetitanium IV (BCDT), on the production of cytokines [interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interelukin-1, interleukin (IL) 2, IL-4, and IL-10] by concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated T cells obtained from Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT)-bearing BALB/c mice. The treatment consisted of intraperitoneal (i.p) administration of 15 mg/kg/day DDCT for 2 days or 10 mg/kg/day BCDT for 3 days. We observed that the levels of IFN-gamma, but not IL-2, were dramatically increased in the early phase of EAT development. With tumour evolution, however, a sharp and progressive decrease in the levels of both IFN-gamma and IL-2 was found concomitantly to an enhancement in the levels of IL-10. Treatment of these mice with both titanocene compounds demonstrated that DDCT is more effective in modulating the cytokine imbalance induced by the tumour since it could prevent the early enhancement of IFN-gamma, the late decline of IFN-gamma and IL-2, and the increase in the IL-10. The administration of BCDT, in spite of preventing early IFN-gamma enhancement and increase in IL-10, did not produce any change in the IL-2 levels and did not prevent the decline of IFN-gamma levels during tumour evolution. Collectively, these results reveal that the ability of titanocenes to reverse tumour-induced immunosuppression and delay tumour growth is more evident in the DDCT compound, thus indicating that the substitution of the halides halogens by pseudohalogens, present in the molecular structure of BCDT, leads to a less effective antitumoral compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marize C Valadares
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Hemocentro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, FCM, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6111, Campinas, SP CEP 13083-970, Brazil
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Queiroz MLS, Valadares MC, Bincoletto C, Dieamant GC. Ehrlich Ascites Tumor as a Tool in the Development of Compounds with Immunomodulatory Properties. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2004; 26:511-25. [PMID: 15658602 DOI: 10.1081/iph-200042289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In previous works, we have demonstrated that the myeloprotective properties of several natural and synthetic compounds are partly responsible for their antitumor activity in the Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) model. In this work, we present information that may be useful to the study of pharmacological and toxicological properties of compounds that affect the hematological compartment. Clonogenic studies in EAT-inoculated mice demonstrated a rapid decrease in bone marrow CFU-GM, whereas a progressive increase in splenic CFU-GM and cellularity was observed, followed by splenomegaly. Bone marrow cellularity declined on the third day after tumor challenge, returning to normal values thereafter. Serum from EAT-bearing mice produced detectable colony-stimulating activity in vitro. Similar results were observed with the conditioned medium from Ehrlich tumor cell cultures, but not with the cell-free Ehrlich tumor ascitic fluid. Tumor inoculation also resulted in a more striking depletion in the number of non-adherent cells in long-term bone marrow cell cultures (LTBMCs) with no bone marrow stroma formation. We speculate that the physiological alterations induced by the EAT growth can be used to assess the ability of compounds to modulate the hematopoietic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L S Queiroz
- Departamento de Farmacologia/Hemocentro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Valadares MC, Klein SI, Guaraldo AMA, Queiroz MLS. Enhancement of natural killer cell function by titanocenes in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumour. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 473:191-6. [PMID: 12892838 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we studied the effects of two titanocenes, biscyclopentadienyldichlorotitanium IV, (DDCT) and its derivative, biscyclopentadienylditiocianatetitanium IV (BCDT), on the activity of natural killer (NK) cells in Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT)-bearing BALB/c mice. In order to investigate a more direct effect of these compounds on NK cell function, we performed experiments with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, which exhibit a normal NK cell response in the absence of T and B cells. The treatment consisted of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 15 mg/kg/day of DDCT for 2 days or 10 mg/kg/day of BCDT for 3 days. In addition, to verify whether the effects produced by the titanocenes were compound specific or related to a direct antitumour effect, we also investigated the effects of a 3-day treatment with 100 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide cyclophosphamide on NK cell activity. Our results demonstrated that, in BALB/c and SCID mice, NK cell function declined to subnormal levels after inoculation of the tumour. In these animals, although treatment with DDCT and BCDT significantly enhanced NK cell function, only DDCT restored NK cell activity to normal values in all stages studied. Conversely, treatment with cyclophosphamide reduced NK cell function in nontumour bearing SCID mice and was also unable to restore the decreased NK activity of tumour-bearing SCID mice, thus demonstrating that the enhancement of NK cell function by titanocenes is compound specific. The same effect of cyclophosphamide was observed with BALB/c mice. In the present study, the up-modulatory effects of these two compounds on NK cell function reveal a new aspect of the mechanism of antitumoural action of titanocenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marize C Valadares
- Departamento de Farmacologia/Hemocentro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, FCM, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6111, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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