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Yu C, Li L, Xia Q, Tang Y. Expression and localization of histamine H 1, H 2, and H 3 receptors in rat olfactory epithelium. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 101:102-106. [PMID: 28964277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Histamine is an important chemical mediator in the development of allergic rhinitis and plays a key role in eliciting the nasal symptoms of the disorder. Histamine may also affect smell as a neurotransmitter. However, whether histamine receptors are present in the mammalian olfactory epithelium has not yet been examined. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and distribution of histamine H1, H2, and H3 receptors in rat olfactory epithelium. METHODS Real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining were performed to examine the mRNA level and protein expression and localization of histamine receptors (H1, H2, and H3) in rat olfactory epithelium. RESULTS We demonstrated that mRNAs encoding histamine H1, H2, and H3 receptors were detected in rat olfactory epithelium. Immunohistochemistry also showed strong positive staining for these receptors. Co-localization of histamine H1, H2, and H3 receptors with olfactory mature protein revealed that these three histamine receptors were mainly localized in olfactory receptor neurons. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that histamine H1, H2, and H3 receptors are present in rat olfactory epithelium and may play a physiological role in olfactory transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Li
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingjie Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuedi Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Rosa AC, Fantozzi R. The role of histamine in neurogenic inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:38-45. [PMID: 23734637 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The term 'neurogenic inflammation' has been adopted to describe the local release of inflammatory mediators, such as substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide, from neurons. Once released, these neuropeptides induce the release of histamine from adjacent mast cells. In turn, histamine evokes the release of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide; thus, a bidirectional link between histamine and neuropeptides in neurogenic inflammation is established. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent findings on the role of histamine in neurogenic inflammation, with particular regard to nociceptive pain, as well as neurogenic inflammation in the skin, airways and bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Italy.
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Neumann D, Schneider EH, Seifert R. Analysis of Histamine Receptor Knockout Mice in Models of Inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 348:2-11. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.204214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Suzuki Y, Inoue T, Yamamoto A, Sugimoto Y. Prophylactic effects of the histamine H1 receptor antagonist epinastine and the dual thromboxane A2 receptor and chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells antagonist ramatroban on allergic rhinitis model in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:507-10. [PMID: 21467637 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prophylactic use of anti-allergic drugs has been proposed to be effective in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in humans. However, there is little information regarding the prophylactic effect of thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) receptor antagonist on allergic rhinitis. Recent studies revealed that a TXA(2) receptor antagonist ramatroban could block the prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)) receptor and chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2). In the present study, we investigated the prophylactic effects of the histamine H(1) receptor antagonist epinastine and the TXA(2) receptor antagonist ramatroban and seratrodast on mouse models of allergic rhinitis. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized by an intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin and alum on days 0, 5, 14 and 21. Seven days later, mice were sensitized by intranasal application of ovalbumin thrice a week. Drugs were administered once a day from day 22. The severity of allergic rhinitis was assessed by determining the extent of 2 nasal allergic symptoms (sneezing and nasal rubbing). Histamine sensitivity and eosinophil infiltration into the nasal mucosa were also determined. Epinastine and ramatroban significantly reduced nasal symptoms and the number of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa. Seratrodast showed no effect on nasal symptoms and eosinophil infiltration into the nasal mucosa. In addition, histamine sensitivity was reduced by epinastine and ramatroban. These results indicate that epinastine and ramatroban induce the prophylactic effect on allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh Suzuki
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Japan
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Ogita-Nakanishi H, Nabe T, Mizutani N, Fujii M, Kohno S. Absence of nasal blockage in a Japanese cedar pollen-induced allergic rhinitis model mouse. Allergol Int 2009; 58:171-8. [PMID: 19240378 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.08-oa-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese cedar pollen-induced allergic rhinitis in a guinea pig model clearly induced not only sneezing but also biphasic nasal blockage. To date, there have only been a few reports on models of murine allergic rhinitis which clearly show nasal blockage. Therefore, in order to try and develop such a model, we administered multiple dosages of intranasal pollen or purified antigen protein Cry j 1. METHODS B10.S mice were sensitized by intranasal instillations of either pollen extract or Cry j 1 twice a day for 7 days, which was adsorbed on Al(OH)(3). Subsequently, once a week, the mice were given multiple intranasal instillation challenges of either the pollen suspension or Cry j 1 and the frequency of sneezing was observed after respective challenges were made. Specific airway resistance (sRaw) was measured as an indicator for nasal blockage. Cry j 1-specific IgE levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The serum Cry j 1-specific IgE level showed clear elevation only in the group sensitized by Cry j 1 + Al(OH)(3) and then challenged by Cry j 1. No elevations were seen in the groups sensitized by pollen extract + Al(OH)(3) followed by a pollen suspension challenge. There was an immediate increase in sneezing after challenges in all of the sensitized-challenged groups. Nevertheless, no increases in sRaw in any of the groups were detected at any of the time points during the 8 hours following the challenges. CONCLUSIONS Cry j 1 may be more effective than crude antigens for efficient sensitization/challenge in mice. No increase in sRaw occurred, even in mice that possessed high amounts of Cry j 1-specific IgE and that exhibited sneezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Ogita-Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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6
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Effect of histamine H4 receptor antagonist on allergic rhinitis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:734-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yokota E, Kuyama S, Sugimoto Y, Ogawa M, Kamei C. Participation of histamine H3 receptors in experimental allergic rhinitis of mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2008; 108:206-11. [PMID: 18845911 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.08164fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to study the participation of histamine H(3) receptors in nasal symptoms using Sch 50971, a potent and selective agonist of the H(3) receptor. Repeated topical application of antigen caused an increase in sneezing and nasal rubbing in sensitized mice. Oral administration of Sch 50971 and imetit, specific H(3)-receptor agonists, resulted in an inhibition of nasal symptoms induced by an antigen similar to an H(1)-receptor antagonist, cetirizine. Furthermore, simultaneous use of H(3)-receptor agonists, Sch 50971 or imetit, and an H(1)-receptor antagonist, cetirizine, caused a significant inhibitory effect on nasal symptoms at doses that showed no effect when used separately. The number of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa of mice sensitized with antigen was significantly decreased by cetirizine; however, Sch 50971 and imetit had no effect on eosinophil infiltration. These results clearly indicate that H(3) receptors are involved in the etiology of nasal allergy, and the stimulation of H(3) receptors may be useful as a novel therapeutic approach in nasal allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Yokota
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Okayama, Japan
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Nomiya R, Okano M, Fujiwara T, Maeda M, Kimura Y, Kino K, Yokoyama M, Hirai H, Nagata K, Hara T, Nishizaki K, Nakamura M. CRTH2 plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of Cry j 1-induced pollinosis in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:5680-8. [PMID: 18390753 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.8.5680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PGD(2) is the major prostanoid produced during the acute phase of allergic reactions. Two PGD(2) receptors have been isolated, DP and CRTH2 (chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells), but whether they participate in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases remains unclear. We investigated the role of CRTH2 in the initiation of allergic rhinitis in mice. First, we developed a novel murine model of pollinosis, a type of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Additionally, pathophysiological differences in the pollinosis were compared between wild-type and CRTH2 gene-deficient mice. An effect of treatment with ramatroban, a CRTH2/T-prostanoid receptor dual antagonist, was also determined. Repeated intranasal sensitization with Cry j 1, the major allergen of Cryptomeria japonica pollen, in the absence of adjuvants significantly exacerbated nasal hyperresponsive symptoms, Cry j 1-specific IgE and IgG1 production, nasal eosinophilia, and Cry j 1-induced in vitro production of IL-4 and IL-5 by submandibular lymph node cells. Additionally, CRTH2 mRNA in nasal mucosa was significantly elevated in Cry j 1-sensitized mice. Following repeated intranasal sensitization with Cry j 1, CRTH2 gene-deficient mice had significantly weaker Cry j 1-specific IgE/IgG1 production, nasal eosinophilia, and IL-4 production by submandibular lymph node cells than did wild-type mice. Similar results were found in mice treated with ramatroban. These results suggest that the PGD(2)-CRTH2 interaction is elevated following sensitization and plays a proinflammatory role in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis, especially pollinosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Nomiya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Effect of olopatadine hydrochloride, an anti-histamine drug, on rhinitis induced by intranasal instillation of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:916-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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YAO M, YAMAMOTO K, KIMURA T, DOMBO M. Effects of Hanabiratake (Sparassis crispa) on Allergic Rhinitis in OVA-Sensitized Mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2008. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.14.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kishi Y, Nakano Y, Jiang S, Yatsuzuka R, Kamei C. Participation in cysteinyl leukotrienes and thromboxane A2 in nasal congestion model in Brown Norway rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:1483-7. [PMID: 17761352 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of chemical mediators in a nasal congestion model in Brown Norway (BN) rats. For the above purpose, we studied the effects of pranlukast and zafirlukast (cysteinyl leukotriene (cys-LT) receptor antagonists), seratrodast and ramatroban (thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) receptor antagonists) on nasal congestion and sneezing induced by toluene 2, 4-diisocyanate (TDI). All of these drugs suppressed the increase of enhanced pause (Penh), the index of nasal congestion, in both early and late phase responses; however, pranlukast, zafirlukast and seratrodast failed to suppress immediate sneezing caused by TDI challenge. These results indicate that cys-LTs and TXA(2) are responsible for the development of both early and late phase nasal congestion. Moreover, these chemical mediators contribute very little to immediate sneezing in a BN rat model of allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kishi
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Yatsuzuka R, Inoue T, Jiang S, Nakano Y, Kamei C. Development of new atopic dermatitis models characterized by not only itching but also inflammatory skin in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 565:225-31. [PMID: 17459367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Revised: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to develop a new atopic dermatitis model characterized by not only itching but also inflammatory skin using BALB/c mice. From 18 days after the first systemic immunization, daily epicutaneous application of ovalbumin was performed for 2 weeks. Antigen challenge (ovalbumin) resulted in a significant increase of scratching behavior from day 23 to day 32. Moreover, skin symptoms such as erythema/hemorrhage, edema, excoriation/erosion and dryness/desquamation were also observed from day 19 to day 32. The frequency of scratching in the first stage (from day 24 to day 26 after the systemic first immunization) was decreased by chlorpheniramine and epinastine; however, in the last stage (from day 27 to day 30 after the systemic first immunization), both drugs showed no inhibition of scratching behavior. Therefore, an endogenous mediator other than histamine may be responsible for provoking the itching sensation in the last stage. Naloxone dose-dependently reduced the frequency of scratching in the last stage. Moreover, repeated local application of dexametasone significantly inhibited both scratching behavior and skin symptoms from day 24 to day 30. From these findings, it may be concluded that this model is essentially similar to atopic dermatitis in humans and could be used to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of atopic dermatitis and to develop appropriate new drugs for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Yatsuzuka
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Rahman MA, Inoue T, Ishikawa T, Yatsuzuka R, Ohtsu H, Kamei C. Involvement of chemical mediators in nasal allergic responses of HDC-KO mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 567:245-51. [PMID: 17543300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Revised: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the involvement of chemical mediators in nasal allergic responses using histidine decarboxylase knockout (HDC-KO) mice. An allergic rhinitis model was developed in HDC-KO and wild-type mice by the intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin, aluminum hydroxide gel and pertussis toxin. Five days later, they were boosted by a subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin into the back. From day 18 after the first immunization to day 39, intranasal sensitization with ovalbumin was performed every day and the severity of allergic rhinitis was observed by measuring nasal allergic responses and total IgE levels. It was found that the intranasal administration of antigen caused a significant increase of nasal sneezing and rubbing from day 25 to day 39 both in sensitized HDC-KO and wild-type mice. In addition, a significant elevation of total IgE levels in serum was also found both in sensitized HDC-KO and wild-type mice from day 18 to day 39 after the first immunization. L-733,060, a tachykinin NK(1) receptor antagonist at a dose of 10 mg/kg (s.c.), resulted in the dose-dependent inhibition of nasal allergic responses induced by antigen in both HDC-KO and wild-type mice. In addition, both chlorpheniramine at doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg (p.o.) and BW A868C at doses of 0.3 and 1 mg/kg (i.v.) also showed a dose-related reduction of the nasal allergic responses induced by antigen in sensitized wild-type mice. On the other hand, they had no effects on the nasal signs induced by antigen in HDC-KO mice. From these results, it was revealed that substance P induces nasal allergic responses in the mouse model of chronic allergic rhinitis through the activation of tachykinin NK(1) receptors. Therefore, it can be concluded that not only histamine, but also substance P and prostaglandin D(2), participated in the nasal allergic responses induced by antigen in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashequr Rahman
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Suzuki M, Ohta N, Min WP, Matsumoto T, Min R, Zhang X, Toida K, Murakami S. Immunotherapy with CpG DNA conjugated with T-cell epitope peptide of an allergenic Cry j 2 protein is useful for control of allergic conditions in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:46-54. [PMID: 17161816 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2006] [Revised: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy using T-cell epitope peptides or CpG DNA conjugated with allergenic protein is useful, although the mechanisms of these therapies differ. However, the combination of CpG DNA and peptide, but not protein, had not been documented. Therefore, we investigated CpG DNA conjugated with peptide to obtain positive synergistic effects. In the first experiment, mice were vaccinated with a conjugate of CpG DNA and Cry j 2 T-cell epitope peptide p246-259 (CpG-peptide); a mixture of CpG DNA and peptide (CpG+peptide); peptide alone, or PBS alone, and immunized with Cry j 2. In the second experiment, mice were immunized with Cry j 2 and injected with CpG-peptide, CpG+peptide, peptide only, or PBS only. In both experiments, Cry j 2-specific IgE, IL-4, and IL-5 were significantly lower in mice given CpG-peptide, versus those given CpG+peptide, peptide alone, or PBS alone. However, IgG2a, IgG2b and IFN-gamma did not increase in mice injected with CpG-peptide. In the third experiment, CpG-peptide significantly attenuated nasal symptoms (sneezing and nasal rubbing) compared to CpG+peptide, peptide alone, or PBS alone. Mice were also injected with a conjugate of CpG DNA and Cry j 2 protein (CpG-Cry j 2) or CpG-peptide to compare prime responses. Mice vaccinated with CpG-Cry j 2 generated Cry j 2-specific IgG1, whereas those vaccinated with CpG-peptide did not produce IgG1. This study demonstrated, for the first time, that immunotherapy with CpG DNA conjugated with a T-cell peptide is useful in preventing and treating allergic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiko Suzuki
- Department of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario 339 Windermere Road, London, Canada N6A5A5.
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Yatsuzuka R, Nakano Y, Jiang S, Ueda Y, Kishi Y, Suzuki Y, Yokota E, Rahman A, Ono R, Kohno I, Kamei C. Effect of Usuhiratake (Pleurotus pulmonarius) on Sneezing and Nasal Rubbing in BALB/c Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1557-60. [PMID: 17666820 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The anti-rhinitis properties of Pleurotus pulmonarius were investigated in BALB/c mice. A single administration of Pleurotus Pulmonarius caused no significant effect on antigen-induced nasal rubbing and sneezing at a dose of 500 mg/kg, but a significant inhibition was observed after 2 weeks of repeated treatment at this dose, and at a dose of 200 mg/kg, it also caused a significant inhibition after repeated administration for 4 weeks. Pleurotus pulmonarius showed no significant inhibitory effect on the production of IgE. In addition, Pleurotus pulmonarius caused no inhibition of histamine-induced nasal rubbing and sneezing at a dose of 500 mg/kg, but in vitro study, it inhibited histamine release from rat mast cells induced by compound 48/80 at the soluble supernatant solution of 30 and 100 microg/ml of Pleurotus pulmonarius suspended in PBS. These results demonstrated that Pleurotus pulmonarius may be effective in the relief of symptoms of allergic rhinitis through inhibition of histamine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Yatsuzuka
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Rahman A, Inoue T, Ago J, Ishikawa T, Kamei C. Interactive effect of histamine and prostaglandin D2 on nasal allergic symptoms in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 554:229-34. [PMID: 17112500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2006] [Revised: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the interactive effect of histamine and prostaglandin D(2) in nasal allergic symptoms in rats. The intranasal application of histamine at doses lower than 10 mumol/site caused no sneezing or nasal rubbing. In addition, prostaglandin D(2) also showed no significant increase in these responses, even at a dose of 10 nmol/site. On the other hand, the simultaneous instillation of histamine and prostaglandin D(2) resulted in a 1000 times more potent effect in inducing nasal symptoms than the administration of histamine alone. Thus, prostaglandin D(2) enhanced the actions of histamine in inducing sneezing and nasal rubbing in a dose-dependent manner, and significant effects were observed at doses higher than 1 nmol/site. The responses induced by the simultaneous application of histamine and prostaglandin D(2) were inhibited by chlorpheniramine, cyproheptadine, BW A868C and ramatroban. Chlorpheniramine and cyproheptadine showed the dose-related inhibition of nasal symptoms induced by the combined administration of histamine (10 nmol) and prostaglandin D(2) (10 nmol), but the effect of cyproheptadine was relatively weak compared with chlorpheniramine. Moreover, BW A868C and ramatroban also showed the inhibition of nasal symptoms induced by the simultaneous administration of histamine and prostaglandin D(2) in a dose-dependent manner. BW A868C was more potent in inhibiting the nasal symptoms than ramatroban. These results clearly indicate that prostaglandin D(2) showed a synergistic effect on sneezing and nasal rubbing induced by histamine in rats, and its effect occurred through both prostaglandin D(2) and CRTH2 (chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashequr Rahman
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To evaluate the pharmacology of current drug development directed towards ocular allergy. Increased worldwide prevalence of ocular allergy has stimulated expansion of management strategies towards physiologic and immunologic drug targets. RECENT FINDINGS Present drug targets are located in the conjunctival mucosal surface at the initial site of allergen exposure. Pharmacologic intervention attends to early and late phase reactions. Targets generating a response include mast cells, IgE, released preformed mediator histamine, and newly formed mediators, such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes and cytokines. Methods to simulate allergy and measure efficacy of drugs are the conjunctival allergen challenge and the conjunctival provocation test. Pharmacologic outcome is measured via cytologic biomarkers and clinical signs/symptoms of redness, itching, lid swelling and chemosis. Endpoint instruments such as the Ocular Allergy Index and Eye Allergy Patient Impact Questionnaire have emerged from the field of pharmacoeconomics. SUMMARY Important pharmacologic properties of targets have been revealed. First, histamine is more specifically antagonized by second generation antihistamines. Second, newly formed mediators and downstream responders (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, interleukins, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, tumor necrosis factor, vascular cell adhesion molecule, eosinophils and neutrophils) are more selectively antagonized by dual/multiple-action agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Lillian Schultz
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Suzuki M, Itoh M, Ohta N, Nakamura Y, Moriyama A, Matsumoto T, Ohashi T, Murakami S. Blocking of protease allergens with inhibitors reduces allergic responses in allergic rhinitis and other allergic diseases. Acta Otolaryngol 2006; 126:746-51. [PMID: 16803715 DOI: 10.1080/00016480500475625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS Allergic responses specific to the corresponding proteases were reduced by protease inhibitors, suggesting promise as potent treatments for allergic rhinitis and other allergic conditions. OBJECTIVE Allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, are caused by the overproduction of IgE antibodies to various allergens. Many reported allergens are proteases that are cysteine, serine, aspartic (acid) proteases and metalloproteases. Conjugation of E64 inhibitor with cysteine protease allergens inhibits the IgE response to the same allergens. However, whether inhibitors of the other protease families reduce IgE levels and whether protease inhibitors reduce allergic symptoms remain controversial. Therefore, we compared the abilities of active and inhibitor-blocked inactive forms of proteases to generate IgE and allergic symptoms in this study to evaluate associations between the allergic response and protease inhibitors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured levels of IgE, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b enzyme-specific antibodies, and counted frequency of sneezing and nasal rubbing behavior in mice immunized with active or inactive forms of bromelain, chymotrypsin, chymosin and collagenase (a cysteine protease, a serine protease, an aspartic protease and a metalloprotease, respectively). RESULTS All the inhibitors reduced IgE and IgG1 production in response to corresponding enzymes, and a cysteine protease inhibitor, E64, decreased nasal symptoms, such as sneezing and nasal rubbing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiko Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Ashequr RM, Kamei C. Electroencephalogram and behavioral changes induced by histamine application into the nasal cavity and the effects of some H(1)-receptor antagonists. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 5:1741-8. [PMID: 16102524 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2005] [Revised: 04/14/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to measure the olfactory bulb with an electroencephalogram (EEG) to investigate the relationship between the EEG and behavioral changes of rats induced by the topical application of histamine into the nasal cavity. The effects of some H(1)-receptor antagonists on the EEG and behavioral changes induced by histamine were also studied. The topical application of histamine into the nasal cavity resulted in a significant and dose-dependent increase in the incidence of sneezing and nasal rubbing. The EEG spike at the olfactory bulb was also observed to be in parallel with the sneezing. In addition, there was an intimate relationship between the EEG spike and sneezing; however, no correlation was observed between the EEG spike and nasal rubbing. All the H(1)-receptor antagonists used in the present study caused an inhibition not only of sneezing but also of the EEG spike at the same dose level. These results suggested that the EEG spike observed in the olfactory bulb is an objective and reliable indication of sneezing induced by allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Md Ashequr
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Minami K, Kamei C. A chronic model for evaluating the itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2004; 4:101-8. [PMID: 14975364 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2003.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2003] [Revised: 08/11/2003] [Accepted: 10/27/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to develop a new model for evaluating itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis in rats. Repeated topical application of antigen caused an increase in eye scratching behavior in sensitized animals, and a significant difference was observed from days 21 to 42. Almost the same findings were observed in allergic symptoms, hyperemia and edema. Instillation of histamine also resulted in an increase in eye scratching behavior. The sensitivity to histamine in eye scratching behavior was increased by topical antigen application for 42 days after sensitization. In addition, the number of conjunctival eosinophils was significantly increased by repeated topical antigen application from days 21 to 42 in sensitized rats. Some anti-allergic drugs such as olopatadine (H1 antagonist), cetiridine (H1 antagonist) and ramatroban (thromboxane A2 (TXA2) antagonist) caused an inhibition of eye scratching behavior induced by topical sensitization in a dose-related manner. However, zafirlukast (cys-LT antagonist) caused no significant inhibition even at a dose of 30 mg/kg. The findings in present model of itching in allergic conjunctivitis were mainly through histamine H1-activity, and thromboxane A2 receptors were also involved in the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Minami
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Kayasuga R, Iba Y, Hossen MA, Watanabe T, Kamei C. The role of chemical mediators in eosinophil infiltration in allergic rhinitis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2003; 3:469-73. [PMID: 12689652 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(02)00254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of chemical mediators other than histamine in eosinophil infiltration in the nasal mucosa was studied using histamine H(1) receptor-deficient mice. Histamine H(1) receptor-deficient mice and wild-type controls were immunized with ovalbumin and consecutive topical antigen instillation was performed. Histological alterations and eosinophil infiltration into the nasal mucosa of mice were examined. Diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells and edema after sensitization with antigen were observed in the nasal mucosa in both wild-type and histamine H(1) receptor-deficient mice. The number of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa in mice sensitized with antigen was significantly increased as compared with controls. The number of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa was significantly decreased by cetirizine and epinastine, ramatroban and zafirlukast in wild-type mice. Not only histamine but also thromboxane A(2) and leukotrienes play important roles in allergic rhinitis, especially in the late phase participating in nasal eosinophilia.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Eosinophilia/etiology
- Eosinophilia/immunology
- Eosinophilia/pathology
- Eosinophils/cytology
- Eosinophils/drug effects
- Eosinophils/immunology
- Histamine H1 Antagonists/pharmacology
- Leukocyte Count
- Leukotriene Antagonists/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nasal Mucosa/drug effects
- Nasal Mucosa/immunology
- Nasal Mucosa/pathology
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Receptors, Histamine H1/genetics
- Receptors, Thromboxane/antagonists & inhibitors
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/complications
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/genetics
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Kayasuga
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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