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Godar SC, Cadeddu R, Floris G, Mosher LJ, Mi Z, Jarmolowicz DP, Scheggi S, Walf AA, Koonce CJ, Frye CA, Muma NA, Bortolato M. The Steroidogenesis Inhibitor Finasteride Reduces the Response to Both Stressful and Rewarding Stimuli. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110749. [PMID: 31752360 PMCID: PMC6920809 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Finasteride (FIN) is the prototypical inhibitor of steroid 5α-reductase (5αR), the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the conversion of progesterone and testosterone into their main neuroactive metabolites. FIN is clinically approved for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and male baldness; while often well-tolerated, FIN has also been shown to cause or exacerbate psychological problems in vulnerable subjects. Evidence on the psychological effects of FIN, however, remains controversial, in view of inconsistent clinical reports. Here, we tested the effects of FIN in a battery of tests aimed at capturing complementary aspects of mood regulation and stress reactivity in rats. FIN reduced exploratory, incentive, prosocial, and risk-taking behavior; furthermore, it decreased stress coping, as revealed by increased immobility in the forced-swim test (FST). This last effect was also observed in female and orchiectomized male rats, suggesting that the mechanism of action of FIN does not primarily reflect changes in gonadal steroids. The effects of FIN on FST responses were associated with a dramatic decrease in corticotropin release hormone (CRH) mRNA and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels. These results suggest that FIN impairs stress reactivity and reduces behavioral activation and impulsive behavior by altering the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C. Godar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT 84112, USA; (S.C.G.); (R.C.); (G.F.); (L.J.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Roberto Cadeddu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT 84112, USA; (S.C.G.); (R.C.); (G.F.); (L.J.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Gabriele Floris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT 84112, USA; (S.C.G.); (R.C.); (G.F.); (L.J.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Laura J. Mosher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT 84112, USA; (S.C.G.); (R.C.); (G.F.); (L.J.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (Z.M.); (N.A.M.)
| | - Zhen Mi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (Z.M.); (N.A.M.)
| | - David P. Jarmolowicz
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Simona Scheggi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT 84112, USA; (S.C.G.); (R.C.); (G.F.); (L.J.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Alicia A. Walf
- Department of Cognitive Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA;
- Department of Psychology; The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; (C.J.K.); (C.A.F.)
| | - Carolyn J. Koonce
- Department of Psychology; The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; (C.J.K.); (C.A.F.)
| | - Cheryl A. Frye
- Department of Psychology; The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; (C.J.K.); (C.A.F.)
- Department of Biological Sciences; The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Comprehensive Neuropsychological Services, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Nancy A. Muma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (Z.M.); (N.A.M.)
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT 84112, USA; (S.C.G.); (R.C.); (G.F.); (L.J.M.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Kim J, Lee S, Fang YY, Shin A, Park S, Hashikawa K, Bhat S, Kim D, Sohn JW, Lin D, Suh GSB. Rapid, biphasic CRF neuronal responses encode positive and negative valence. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:576-585. [PMID: 30833699 PMCID: PMC6668342 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) that is released from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is essential for mediating stress response by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. CRF-releasing PVN neurons receive inputs from multiple brain regions that convey stressful events, but their neuronal dynamics on the timescale of behavior remain unknown. Here, our recordings of PVN CRF neuronal activity in freely behaving mice revealed that CRF neurons are activated immediately by a range of aversive stimuli. By contrast, CRF neuronal activity starts to drop within a second of exposure to appetitive stimuli. Optogenetic activation or inhibition of PVN CRF neurons was sufficient to induce a conditioned place aversion (CPA) or preference (CPP), respectively. Furthermore, CPA or CPP induced by natural stimuli was significantly decreased by manipulating PVN CRF neuronal activity. Together, these findings suggest that the rapid, biphasic responses of PVN CRF neurons encode the positive and negative valences of stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jineun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Ya Fang
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seahyung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Koichi Hashikawa
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shreelatha Bhat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayu Lin
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Greg S B Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Al-Tubuly R, Aburawi S, Alghzewi E, Gorash Z, Errwami S. The effect of sympathetic antagonists on the antidepressant action of alprazolam. Libyan J Med 2008; 3:78-83. [PMID: 21499463 PMCID: PMC3074285 DOI: 10.4176/080101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alprazolam is an anti-anxiety drug shown to be effective in the treatment of depression. In this study, the effect of sympathetic receptor antagonists on alprazolam-induced antidepressant action was studied using a mouse model of forced swimming behavioral despair. The interaction of three sympathetic receptor antagonists with benzodiazepines, which may impact the clinical use of alprazolam, was also studied. Behavioral despair was examined in six groups of albino mice. Drugs were administered intraperitoneally. The control group received only a single dose of 1% Tween 80. The second group received a single dose of alprazolam, and the third group received an antagonist followed by alprazolam. The fourth group was treated with imipramine, and the fifth group received an antagonist followed by imipramine. The sixth group was treated with a single dose of an antagonist alone (atenolol, a β1-selective adrenoceptor antagonist; propranolol, a non selective β-adrenoceptor antagonist; and prazocin, an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist). Results confirmed the antidepressant action of alprazolam and imipramine. Prazocin treatment alone produced depression, but it significantly potentiated the antidepressant actions of imipramine and alprazolam. Atenolol alone produced an antidepressant effect and potentiated the antidepressant action of alprazolam. Propranolol treatment alone produced depression, and antagonized the effects of alprazolam and imipramine, even producing depression in combined treatments.In conclusion, our results reveal that alprazolam may produce antidepressant effects through the release of noradrenaline, which stimulates β2 receptors to produce an antidepressant action. Imipramine may act by activating β2 receptors by blocking or down-regulating β1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra Al-Tubuly
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlFateh University, Tripoli, Libya
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Nakatomi Y, Yokoyama C, Kinoshita S, Masaki D, Tsuchida H, Onoe H, Yoshimoto K, Fukui K. Serotonergic mediation of the antidepressant-like effect of the green leaves odor in mice. Neurosci Lett 2008; 436:167-70. [PMID: 18378079 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The green odor (GO) that emanates from green leaves has been observed to have many physiological actions in mammals and may be associated with a healing effect in humans. This study examined the effect of GO (we used a mixture of cis-3-hexenol and trans-2-hexenal) on behavior in the forced swim test (FST) of depression in mice. Exposure of GO showed the antidepressant-like effect in the FST, i.e., a significant decrease in immobility time and increase in swimming time, but no change in climbing time. The behavioral responses of GO-exposed animals to FST were similar to those observed for animals given citalopram, which is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. In contrast, desipramine, which is a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, decreased immobility time and increased climbing time without affecting swimming time. To examine the involvement of the serotonergic system in mediating the antidepressant-like action of GO, we performed further FST examinations in which GO-exposed mice were treated with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA). Prior PCPA administration induced depletion of central 5-HT in the brain and completely diminished the GO effect on the behavioral responses seen during the FST. No changes in locomotor activity after GO inhalation were observed. These results indicate that acute exposure to GO has an antidepressant-like effect that may involve the serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Nakatomi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Effects of electro-acupuncture on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal index and corticotropin releasing hormone mRNA expression of rats with chronic fatigue syndrome. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE AND TUINA SCIENCE 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-007-0200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Coste SC, Heard AD, Phillips TJ, Stenzel-Poore MP. Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 2-deficient mice display impaired coping behaviors during stress. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2006; 5:131-8. [PMID: 16507004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2005.00142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two cognate receptors (CRF(1) and CRF(2)) mediate the actions of the stress-regulatory corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides. Defining the respective roles of these receptors in the central nervous system is critical in understanding stress neural circuitry and the development of psychiatric disorders. Here, we examined the role of CRF(2) in several paradigms that assess coping responses to stress. We report that CRF(2) knockout mice responded to a novel setting with increased aggressive behavior toward a bulbectomized conspecific male and show increased immobility during acute swim stress compared with wild-type mice. In addition, CRF(2)-deficient mice exhibited impaired adaptation to isolation stress as evinced by prolonged hypophagia and associated weight loss. Collectively, these results point toward a role for CRF(2) pathways in neural circuits that subserve stress-coping behaviors.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/physiology
- Adaptation, Psychological/physiology
- Aggression/physiology
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Body Weight/physiology
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/physiopathology
- Brain Chemistry/genetics
- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Depressive Disorder/etiology
- Depressive Disorder/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Feeding Behavior/psychology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neuropsychological Tests
- Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics
- Social Isolation/psychology
- Stress, Psychological/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Coste
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University and Research Service, Portland, 97239, USA
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Oshima A, Flachskamm C, Reul JMHM, Holsboer F, Linthorst ACE. Altered serotonergic neurotransmission but normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity in mice chronically treated with the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 antagonist NBI 30775. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003; 28:2148-59. [PMID: 12915860 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Antagonists of the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 (CRH-R1) are regarded as promising tools for the treatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders. Owing to the intricate relationship between CRH and serotonin (5-HT), we studied the effects of chronic oral treatment of C57Bl6/N mice with the CRH-R1 antagonist NBI 30775 (formerly known as R121919) on hippocampal serotonergic neurotransmission during basal (on 15th day of treatment) and stress (forced swimming; on 16th day of treatment) conditions by in vivo microdialysis. Given the important role of CRH in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity and behavior, the effects of NBI 30775 on dialysate-free corticosterone levels, and on home cage and forced swimming-related behavior were also assessed. Chronic administration of NBI 30775 (18.4+/-0.9 mg/kg/day) did not result in alterations in food consumption and body weight. NBI 30775 caused complex changes in hippocampal serotonergic neurotransmission. Whereas no effects on the diurnal rhythms of 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were found, the responses of the neurotransmitter and its metabolite to 10 min of forced swim stress were reduced and prolonged, respectively. NBI 30775 did not change free corticosterone levels over the diurnal rhythm. Moreover, NBI 30775-treated mice showed a similar forced swim stress-induced increase in corticosterone as observed in the control group. No effects of NBI 30775 on home cage, and swim stress-related active behaviors (climbing, swimming) and immobility were found. Thus, whereas chronic antagonism of CRH-R1 did not compromise HPA axis performance and behavior, distinct changes in serotonergic neurotransmission developed. Owing to the important role of 5-HT in the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders, the latter observation may contribute to the therapeutical efficacy of CRH-R1 antagonists in these illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Oshima
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Sections of Neurochemistry and Neuropsychopharmacology, Munich, Germany
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García-Lecumberri C, Ambrosio E. Differential effect of low doses of intracerebroventricular corticotropin-releasing factor in forced swimming test. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2000; 67:519-25. [PMID: 11164082 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we studied the effect of low doses of intracerebroventricular corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in six sessions of forced swimming test (FST). When CRF (0.01 and 0.1 microg) was administered pre-test, results showed that the 0.1-microg dose significantly increased swimming in SESSION2, SESSION3 and SESSION4, while the 0.01-microg dose proved ineffective. When CRF (0.1 and 0.03 microg) was administered post-test to evaluate retention of swimming response, the dose of 0.1 microg impaired retention, while the dose of 0.03 microg improved it, although these effects only reached significance in SESSION2. In an additional session (SESSION6), testing long-term retention of this swimming response, the 0.1-microg dose significantly impaired retention, whereas the 0.03-microg dose proved ineffective. A high dose of CRF (1 microg) was also included as a control of previous results [García-Lecumberri C, Ambrosio E. Role of corticotropin-releasing factor in forced swimming test. Eur J Pharmacol 1998;343:17-26]. In all the FST sessions, this high dose increased swimming when administered pre-test, while impairing retention when administered post-test. Preliminary data obtained with low doses of CRF suggest that a differential effect on retention of swimming response seems to exist depending on the dose, whereas a high dose of CRF clearly impairs retention. The role of CRF in learning and memory processes in FST is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C García-Lecumberri
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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