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Natashin PV, Burakova LP, Kovaleva MI, Shevtsov MB, Dmitrieva DA, Eremeeva EV, Markova SV, Mishin AV, Borshchevskiy VI, Vysotski ES. The Role of Tyr-His-Trp Triad and Water Molecule Near the N1-Atom of 2-Hydroperoxycoelenterazine in Bioluminescence of Hydromedusan Photoproteins: Structural and Mutagenesis Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076869. [PMID: 37047842 PMCID: PMC10095345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydromedusan photoproteins responsible for the bioluminescence of a variety of marine jellyfish and hydroids are a unique biochemical system recognized as a stable enzyme-substrate complex consisting of apoprotein and preoxygenated coelenterazine, which is tightly bound in the protein inner cavity. The binding of calcium ions to the photoprotein molecule is only required to initiate the light emission reaction. Although numerous experimental and theoretical studies on the bioluminescence of these photoproteins were performed, many features of their functioning are yet unclear. In particular, which ionic state of dioxetanone intermediate decomposes to yield a coelenteramide in an excited state and the role of the water molecule residing in a proximity to the N1 atom of 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine in the bioluminescence reaction are still under discussion. With the aim to elucidate the function of this water molecule as well as to pinpoint the amino acid residues presumably involved in the protonation of the primarily formed dioxetanone anion, we constructed a set of single and double obelin and aequorin mutants with substitutions of His, Trp, Tyr, and Ser to residues with different properties of side chains and investigated their bioluminescence properties (specific activity, bioluminescence spectra, stopped-flow kinetics, and fluorescence spectra of Ca2+-discharged photoproteins). Moreover, we determined the spatial structure of the obelin mutant with a substitution of His64, the key residue of the presumable proton transfer, to Phe. On the ground of the bioluminescence properties of the obelin and aequorin mutants as well as the spatial structures of the obelin mutants with the replacements of His64 and Tyr138, the conclusion was made that, in fact, His residue of the Tyr-His-Trp triad and the water molecule perform the "catalytic function" by transferring the proton from solvent to the dioxetanone anion to generate its neutral ionic state in complex with water, as only the decomposition of this form of dioxetanone can provide the highest light output in the light-emitting reaction of the hydromedusan photoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Natashin
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Ludmila P Burakova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Margarita I Kovaleva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Mikhail B Shevtsov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Daria A Dmitrieva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Elena V Eremeeva
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Markova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Alexey V Mishin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Valentin I Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - Eugene S Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
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Liu YJ. Understanding the complete bioluminescence cycle from a multiscale computational perspective: A review. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2022.100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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3
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Ding BW, Eremeeva EV, Vysotski ES, Liu YJ. Luminescence Activity Decreases When v-coelenterazine Replaces Coelenterazine in Calcium-Regulated Photoprotein-A Theoretical and Experimental Study. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:1047-1060. [PMID: 32416626 DOI: 10.1111/php.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-regulated photoproteins are found in at least five phyla of organisms. The light emitted by those photoproteins can be tuned by mutating the photoprotein and/or by modifying the substrate coelenterazine (CTZ). Thirty years ago, Shimomura observed that the luminescence activity of aequorin was dramatically reduced when the substrate CTZ was replaced by its analog v-CTZ. The latter is formed by adding a phenyl ring to the π-conjugated moiety of CTZ. The decrease in luminescence activity has not been understood until now. In this paper, through combined quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics calculations as well as molecular dynamics simulations, we discovered the reason for this observation. Modification of the substrate changes the conformation of nearby aromatic residues and enhances the π-π stacking interactions between the conjugated moiety of v-CTZ and the residues, which weakens the charge transfer to form light emitter and leads to a lower luminescence activity. The microenvironments of CTZ in obelin and in aequorin are very similar, so we predicted that the luminescence activity of obelin will also dramatically decrease when CTZ is replaced by v-CTZ. This prediction has received strong evidence from currently theoretical calculations and has been verified by experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Elena V Eremeeva
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Eugene S Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Kudryasheva NS, Kovel ES. Monitoring of Low-Intensity Exposures via Luminescent Bioassays of Different Complexity: Cells, Enzyme Reactions, and Fluorescent Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4451. [PMID: 31509958 PMCID: PMC6770735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current paper reviews the applications of luminescence bioassays for monitoring the results of low-intensity exposures which produce a stimulative effect. The impacts of radioactivity of different types (alpha, beta, and gamma) and bioactive compounds (humic substances and fullerenols) are under consideration. Bioassays based on luminous marine bacteria, their enzymes, and fluorescent coelenteramide-containing proteins were used to compare the results of the low-intensity exposures at the cellular, biochemical, and physicochemical levels, respectively. High rates of luminescence response can provide (1) a proper number of experimental results under comparable conditions and, therefore, proper statistical processing, with this being highly important for "noisy" low-intensity exposures; and (2) non-genetic, i.e., biochemical and physicochemical mechanisms of cellular response for short-term exposures. The results of cellular exposures were discussed in terms of the hormesis concept, which implies low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition of physiological functions. Dependencies of the luminescence response on the exposure time or intensity (radionuclide concentration/gamma radiation dose rate, concentration of the bioactive compounds) were analyzed and compared for bioassays of different organization levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda S Kudryasheva
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina S Kovel
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
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Gao M, Ding BW, Liu YJ. Tuning the fluorescence of calcium-discharged photoprotein obelin via mutating at the His22-Phe88-Trp92 triad - a QM/MM study. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1823-1832. [PMID: 31165126 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00191c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence (FL) of calcium-discharged photoprotein (CaDP) can be altered by easily mutating CaDP without modifying coelenteramide (CLM), which is the decarboxylation product of coelenterazine in calcium-regulated photoprotein. The His22-Phe88-Trp92 triad (the ordering numbers of three amino acids are sorted by a crystal structure (PDB: 2F8P) of calcium-discharged obelin, i.e., CaDP-obelin) is closely related to CaDP-obelin FL, since it exists in close proximity to the 5-p-hydroxyphenyl of CLM. Therefore, it is important to thoroughly investigate how the mutations of this triad affect the emission color of CaDP-obelin FL. In this study, by mutating wild-type CaDP-obelin (WT) at the His22-Phe88-Trp92 triad, we theoretically constructed its nine mutants of separable FL colors. Through combined quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the influence of the mutations of this triad on the CaDP-obelin FL was analyzed considering the H-bond effect and the charge effect. This study demonstrated that the mutations at the His22-Phe88-Trp92 triad redistribute the charges on the D-π-A molecule, CLM, change the charge transfer from the D to the (π + A) moiety, and thereby alter the FL emission. Appending more negative charges on the phenolate moiety of CLM benefits the FL redshift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Bo-Wen Ding
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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Eremeeva EV, Vysotski ES. Exploring Bioluminescence Function of the Ca2+
-regulated Photoproteins with Site-directed Mutagenesis. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:8-23. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Eremeeva
- Photobiology Laboratory; Institute of Biophysics SB RAS; Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”; Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Eugene S. Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory; Institute of Biophysics SB RAS; Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”; Krasnoyarsk Russia
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7
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Vafa M, Khalifeh K, Jafarian V. Negative net charge of EF-hand loop I can affect both calcium sensitivity and substrate binding pattern in mnemiopsin 2. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:807-814. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mnemiopsin 2 from Mnemiopsis leidy has three Ca2+-binding motifs and has luminescence properties in the presence of calcium and coelenterazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Vafa
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
- Iran
| | - Khosrow Khalifeh
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
- Iran
| | - Vahab Jafarian
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
- Iran
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8
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Alieva RR, Kudryasheva NS. Variability of fluorescence spectra of coelenteramide-containing proteins as a basis for toxicity monitoring. Talanta 2017; 170:425-431. [PMID: 28501192 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, physicochemical approach to understanding toxic effects remains underdeveloped. A proper development of such mode would be concerned with simplest bioassay systems. Coelenteramide-Containing Fluorescent Proteins (CLM-CFPs) can serve as proper tools for study primary physicochemical processes in organisms under external exposures. CLM-CFPs are products of bioluminescent reactions of marine coelenterates. As opposed to Green Fluorescent Proteins, the CLM-CFPs are not widely applied in biomedical research, and their potential as colored biomarkers is undervalued now. Coelenteramide, fluorophore of CLM-CFPs, is a photochemically active molecule; it acts as a proton donor in its electron-excited states, generating several forms of different fluorescent state energy and, hence, different fluorescence color, from violet to green. Contributions of the forms to the visible fluorescence depend on the coelenteramide microenvironment in proteins. Hence, CLM-CFPs can serve as fluorescence biomarkers with color differentiation to monitor results of destructive biomolecule exposures. The paper reviews experimental and theoretical studies of spectral-luminescent and photochemical properties of CLM-CFPs, as well as their variation under different exposures - chemicals, temperature, and ionizing radiation. Application of CLM-CFPs as toxicity bioassays of a new type is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza R Alieva
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Akademgorodok 50/50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Svobodny Prospect 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Nadezhda S Kudryasheva
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Akademgorodok 50/50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Svobodny Prospect 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
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9
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Alieva RR, Tomilin FN, Kuzubov AA, Ovchinnikov SG, Kudryasheva NS. Ultraviolet fluorescence of coelenteramide and coelenteramide-containing fluorescent proteins. Experimental and theoretical study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 162:318-323. [PMID: 27400455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Coelenteramide-containing fluorescent proteins are products of bioluminescent reactions of marine coelenterates. They are called 'discharged photoproteins'. Their light-induced fluorescence spectra are variable, depending considerably on external conditions. Current work studies a dependence of light-induced fluorescence spectra of discharged photoproteins obelin, aequorin, and clytin on excitation energy. It was demonstrated that photoexcitation to the upper electron-excited states (260-300nm) of the discharged photoproteins initiates a fluorescence peak in the near UV region, in addition to the blue-green emission. To characterize the UV fluorescence, the light-induced fluorescence spectra of coelenteramide (CLM), fluorophore of the discharged photoproteins, were studied in methanol solution. Similar to photoproteins, the CLM spectra depended on photoexcitation energy; the additional peak (330nm) in the near UV region was observed in CLM fluorescence at higher excitation energy (260-300nm). Quantum chemical calculations by time depending method with B3LYP/cc-pVDZ showed that the conjugated pyrazine-phenolic fragment and benzene moiety of CLM molecule are responsible for the additional UV fluorescence peak. Quantum yields of CLM fluorescence in methanol were 0.028±0.005 at 270-340nm photoexcitation. A conclusion was made that the UV emission of CLM might contribute to the UV fluorescence of the discharged photoproteins. The study develops knowledge on internal energy transfer in biological structures - complexes of proteins with low-weight aromatic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza R Alieva
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50/50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Felix N Tomilin
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50/38, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Svobodny Prospect 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Alexander A Kuzubov
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny Prospect 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Sergey G Ovchinnikov
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50/38, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Svobodny Prospect 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Nadezhda S Kudryasheva
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50/50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Svobodny Prospect 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
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Burakova LP, Stepanyuk GA, Eremeeva EV, Vysotski ES. Role of certain amino acid residues of the coelenterazine-binding cavity in bioluminescence of light-sensitive Ca2+-regulated photoprotein berovin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:691-704. [DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We suggest that in the inner cavity of ctenophore photoproteins coelenterazine is bound as a 2-peroxy anion which is stabilized owing to Coulomb interaction with a guanidinium group of R41 paired with Y204.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila P. Burakova
- Photobiology Laboratory
- Institute of Biophysics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Siberian Branch
- Krasnoyarsk 660036
| | - Galina A. Stepanyuk
- Photobiology Laboratory
- Institute of Biophysics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Siberian Branch
- Krasnoyarsk 660036
| | - Elena V. Eremeeva
- Photobiology Laboratory
- Institute of Biophysics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Siberian Branch
- Krasnoyarsk 660036
| | - Eugene S. Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory
- Institute of Biophysics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Siberian Branch
- Krasnoyarsk 660036
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11
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Natashin PV, Ding W, Eremeeva EV, Markova SV, Lee J, Vysotski ES, Liu ZJ. Structures of the Ca2+-regulated photoprotein obelin Y138F mutant before and after bioluminescence support the catalytic function of a water molecule in the reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:720-32. [DOI: 10.1107/s1399004713032434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-regulated photoproteins, which are responsible for light emission in a variety of marine coelenterates, are a highly valuable tool for measuring Ca2+inside living cells. All of the photoproteins are a single-chain polypeptide to which a 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine molecule is tightly but noncovalently bound. Bioluminescence results from the oxidative decarboxylation of 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine, generating protein-bound coelenteramide in an excited state. Here, the crystal structures of the Y138F obelin mutant before and after bioluminescence are reported at 1.72 and 1.30 Å resolution, respectively. The comparison of the spatial structures of the conformational states of Y138F obelin with those of wild-type obelin gives clear evidence that the substitution of Tyr by Phe does not affect the overall structure of both Y138F obelin and its product following Ca2+discharge compared with the corresponding conformational states of wild-type obelin. Despite the similarity of the overall structures and internal cavities of Y138F and wild-type obelins, there is a substantial difference: in the cavity of Y138F obelin a water molecule corresponding to W2in wild-type obelin is not found. However, in Ca2+-discharged Y138F obelin this water molecule now appears in the same location. This finding, together with the observed much slower kinetics of Y138F obelin, clearly supports the hypothesis that the function of a water molecule in this location is to catalyze the 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine decarboxylation reaction by protonation of a dioxetanone anion before its decomposition into the excited-state product. Although obelin differs from other hydromedusan Ca2+-regulated photoproteins in some of its properties, they are believed to share a common mechanism.
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Natashin PV, Markova SV, Lee J, Vysotski ES, Liu ZJ. Crystal structures of the F88Y obelin mutant before and after bioluminescence provide molecular insight into spectral tuning among hydromedusan photoproteins. FEBS J 2014; 281:1432-1445. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V. Natashin
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules; Institute of Biophysics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- Photobiology Laboratory; Institute of Biophysics; Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch; Krasnoyarsk Russia
- Laboratory of Bioluminescence Biotechnology; Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology; Siberian Federal University; Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Markova
- Photobiology Laboratory; Institute of Biophysics; Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch; Krasnoyarsk Russia
- Laboratory of Bioluminescence Biotechnology; Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology; Siberian Federal University; Russia
| | - John Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - Eugene S. Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory; Institute of Biophysics; Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch; Krasnoyarsk Russia
- Laboratory of Bioluminescence Biotechnology; Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology; Siberian Federal University; Russia
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules; Institute of Biophysics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- iHuman Institute; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai China
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Stepanyuk GA, Liu ZJ, Burakova LP, Lee J, Rose J, Vysotski ES, Wang BC. Spatial structure of the novel light-sensitive photoprotein berovin from the ctenophore Beroe abyssicola in the Ca2+-loaded apoprotein conformation state. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:2139-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Li ZS, Zou LY, Min CG, Ren AM. The effect of micro-environment on luminescence of aequorin: The role of amino acids and explicit water molecules on spectroscopic properties of coelenteramide. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 127:94-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Li ZS, Zhao X, Zou LY, Ren AM. The Dynamics Simulation and Quantum Calculation Investigation About Luminescence Mechanism of Coelenteramide. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:849-55. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry; Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun; China
| | - Xi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry; Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun; China
| | - Lu-Yi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry; Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun; China
| | - Ai-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry; Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun; China
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Roura S, Gálvez-Montón C, Bayes-Genis A. Bioluminescence imaging: a shining future for cardiac regeneration. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:693-703. [PMID: 23402217 PMCID: PMC3823173 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in bioanalytical techniques have become crucial for both basic research and medical practice. One example, bioluminescence imaging (BLI), is based on the application of natural reactants with light-emitting capabilities (photoproteins and luciferases) isolated from a widespread group of organisms. The main challenges in cardiac regeneration remain unresolved, but a vast number of studies have harnessed BLI with the discovery of aequorin and green fluorescent proteins. First described in the luminous hydromedusan Aequorea victoria in the early 1960s, bioluminescent proteins have greatly contributed to the design and initiation of ongoing cell-based clinical trials on cardiovascular diseases. In conjunction with advances in reporter gene technology, BLI provides valuable information about the location and functional status of regenerative cells implanted into numerous animal models of disease. The purpose of this review was to present the great potential of BLI, among other existing imaging modalities, to refine effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of cardiac cell therapy. We recount the first discovery of natural primary compounds with light-emitting capabilities, and follow their applications to bioanalysis. We also illustrate insights and perspectives on BLI to illuminate current efforts in cardiac regeneration, where the future is bright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Roura
- ICREC Research Program, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
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Alieva RR, Belogurova NV, Petrova AS, Kudryasheva NS. Fluorescence properties of Ca2+-independent discharged obelin and its application prospects. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:3351-8. [PMID: 23392408 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Discharged obelin, a complex of coelenteramide and polypeptide, is a fluorescent protein produced from the photoprotein obelin, which is responsible for bioluminescence of the marine hydroid Obelia longissima. Discharged obelin is stable and nontoxic and its spectra are variable, and this is why it can be used as a fluorescent biomarker of variable color in vivo and in vitro. Here we examined light-induced fluorescence of Ca(2+)-independent discharged obelin (obtained without addition of Ca(2+)). Its emission and excitation spectra were analyzed under variation of the excitation wavelength (260-390 nm) and the emission wavelength (400-700 nm), as well as the 40 °C exposure time. The emission spectra obtained with excitation at 260-300 nm (tryptophan absorption region) included three peaks with maxima at 355, 498, and 660 nm, corresponding to fluorescence of tryptophan, polypeptide-bound coelenteramide, and a hypothetical indole-coelenteramide exciplex, respectively. The emission spectra obtained with excitation at 310-380 nm (coelenteramide absorption region) did not include the 660-nm maximum. The peak in the red spectral region (λ(max) = 660 nm) has not been previously reported. Exposure to 40 °C under excitation at 310-380 nm shifted the obelin fluorescence spectra to the blue, whereas excitation at 260-300 nm shifted them to the red. Hence, red emission and variation of the excitation wavelength form a basis for development of new medical techniques involving obelin as a colored biomarker. The addition of red color to the battery of known (violet to yellow) colors increases the potential of application of obelin.
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18
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Chen SF, Navizet I, Roca-Sanjuán D, Lindh R, Liu YJ, Ferré N. Chemiluminescence of Coelenterazine and Fluorescence of Coelenteramide: A Systematic Theoretical Study. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 8:2796-807. [DOI: 10.1021/ct300356j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and
Computational Photochemistry (Beijing Normal University), Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Isabelle Navizet
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire
Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, MSME UMR 8208 CNRS,
5 bd Descartes, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
- Molecular Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits Johannesburg
2050, South Africa
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström, the Theoretical Chemistry
Programme, Uppsala University, P.O. Box
518, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roland Lindh
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström, the Theoretical Chemistry
Programme, Uppsala University, P.O. Box
518, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and
Computational Photochemistry (Beijing Normal University), Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Nicolas Ferré
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut
de Chimie Radicalaire, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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Ca2+-regulated photoproteins: effective immunoassay reporters. SENSORS 2010; 10:11287-300. [PMID: 22163526 PMCID: PMC3231056 DOI: 10.3390/s101211287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-regulated photoproteins of luminous marine coelenterates are of interest and a challenge for researchers as a unique bioluminescent system and as a promising analytical instrument for both in vivo and in vitro applications. The proteins are comprehensively studied as to biochemical properties, tertiary structures, bioluminescence mechanism, etc. This knowledge, along with available recombinant proteins serves the basis for development of unique bioluminescent detection systems that are “self-contained”, triggerable, fast, highly sensitive, and non-hazardous. In the paper, we focus on the use of photoproteins as reporters in binding assays based on immunological recognition element—bioluminescent immunoassay and hybridization immunoassay, their advantages and prospects.
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20
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Discharged photoprotein obelin: fluorescence peculiarities. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 101:103-8. [PMID: 20678944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Photoprotein obelin, the enzyme-substrate complex of polypeptide with 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine, is responsible for bioluminescence of marine hydroid Obelia longissima. Addition of Ca(2+) to the photoprotein triggers the bioluminescent reaction with light emission. The product of the bioluminescent reaction--enzyme-bound coelenteramide--is a fluorescent protein called 'discharged' obelin. It is stable and highly fluorescent. The paper considers dependence of its light-induced fluorescence on Ca(2+) concentration. Increase of Ca(2+) concentration enhanced the fluorescence intensity of discharged obelin; the dependence was found as linear in double logarithmic coordinates at Ca(2+) concentration range 10(-7)-10(-6) M, both in excitation and emission spectra. The spectra were divided into components; contributions of the components to experimental excitation and emission spectra depended on Ca(2+) concentration. The data suggest enzymatic conformational transition in discharged obelin at approximately 5 x 10(-7) M of Ca(2+) concentration. Spectra variations were attributed to acidity changes of discharged obelin chromophore (coelenteramide) in its fluorescent state S(1)*.
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21
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van Oort B, Eremeeva EV, Koehorst RBM, Laptenok SP, van Amerongen H, van Berkel WJH, Malikova NP, Markova SV, Vysotski ES, Visser AJWG, Lee J. Picosecond fluorescence relaxation spectroscopy of the calcium-discharged photoproteins aequorin and obelin. Biochemistry 2009; 48:10486-91. [PMID: 19810751 DOI: 10.1021/bi901436m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Addition of calcium ions to the Ca(2+)-regulated photoproteins, such as aequorin and obelin, produces a blue bioluminescence originating from a fluorescence transition of the protein-bound product, coelenteramide. The kinetics of several transient fluorescent species of the bound coelenteramide is resolved after picosecond-laser excitation and streak camera detection. The initially formed spectral distributions at picosecond-times are broad, evidently comprised of two contributions, one at higher energy (approximately 25,000 cm(-1)) assigned as from the Ca(2+)-discharged photoprotein-bound coelenteramide in its neutral state. This component decays much more rapidly (t(1/2) approximately 2 ps) in the case of the Ca(2+)-discharged obelin than aequorin (t(1/2) approximately 30 ps). The second component at lower energy shows several intermediates in the 150-500 ps times, with a final species having spectral maxima 19 400 cm(-1), bound to Ca(2+)-discharged obelin, and 21 300 cm(-1), bound to Ca(2+)-discharged aequorin, and both have a fluorescence decay lifetime of 4 ns. It is proposed that the rapid kinetics of these fluorescence transients on the picosecond time scale, correspond to times for relaxation of the protein structural environment of the binding cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart van Oort
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
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22
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Isobe H, Yamanaka S, Okumura M, Yamaguchi K. Theoretical Investigation of Thermal Decomposition of Peroxidized Coelenterazines with and without External Perturbations. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:15171-87. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905401b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Syusuke Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Okumura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kizashi Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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23
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The intrinsic fluorescence of apo-obelin and apo-aequorin and use of its quenching to characterize coelenterazine binding. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:1939-44. [PMID: 19426732 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic fluorescence of two apo-photoproteins has been characterized and its concentration-dependent quenching by coelenterazine has been for the first time applied to determine the apparent dissociation constants for coelenterazine binding with apo-aequorin (1.2+/-0.12 microM) and apo-obelin (0.2+/-0.04 microM). Stopped-flow measurements of fluorescence quenching showed that coelenterazine binding is a millisecond-scale process, in contrast to the formation of an active photoprotein complex taking several hours. This finding evidently shows that the rate-limiting step of active photoprotein formation is the conversion of coelenterazine into its 2-hydroperoxy derivative.
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24
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Frank LA, Borisova VV, Markova SV, Malikova NP, Stepanyuk GA, Vysotski ES. Violet and greenish photoprotein obelin mutants for reporter applications in dual-color assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:2891-6. [PMID: 18604525 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two kinds of Ca(2+)-regulated photoprotein obelin with altered color of bioluminescence were obtained by active-center amino acid substitution. The mutant W92F-H22E emits violet light (lambda(max) = 390 nm) and the mutant Y139F emits greenish light (lambda(max) = 498 nm), with small spectral overlap, both display high activity and stability and thus may be used as reporters. For demonstration, the mutants were applied in dual-color simultaneous immunoassay of two gonadotropic hormones-follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Bioluminescence of the reporters was simultaneously triggered by single injection of Ca(2+) solution, divided using band-pass optical filters and measured with a two-channel photometer. The sensitivity of simultaneous bioluminescence assay was close to that of a separate radioimmunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila A Frank
- Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.
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25
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Stepanyuk GA, Xu H, Wu CK, Markova SV, Lee J, Vysotski ES, Wang BC. Expression, purification and characterization of the secreted luciferase of the copepod Metridia longa from Sf9 insect cells. Protein Expr Purif 2008; 61:142-8. [PMID: 18595733 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2008.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metridia luciferase is a secreted luciferase from a marine copepod and uses coelenterazine as a substrate to produce a blue bioluminescence (lambda(max)=480 nm). This luciferase has been successfully applied as a bioluminescent reporter in mammalian cells. The main advantage of secreted luciferase as a reporter is the capability of measuring intracellular events without destroying the cells or tissues and this property is well suited for development of high throughput screening technologies. However because Metridia luciferase is a Cys-rich protein, Escherichia coli expression systems produce an incorrectly folded protein, hindering its biochemical characterization and application for development of in vitro bioluminescent assays. Here we report the successful expression of Metridia luciferase with its signal peptide for secretion, in insect (Sf9) cells using the baculovirus expression system. Functionally active luciferase secreted by insect cells into the culture media has been efficiently purified with a yield of high purity protein of 2-3 mg/L. This Metridia luciferase expressed in the insect cell system is a monomeric protein showing 3.5-fold greater bioluminescence activity than luciferase expressed and purified from E. coli. The near coincidence of the experimental mass of Metridia luciferase purified from insect cells with that calculated from amino acid sequence, indicates that luciferase does not undergo post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation or glycosylation and also, the cleavage site of the signal peptide for secretion is at VQA-KS, as predicted from sequence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina A Stepanyuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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26
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Titushin MS, Markova SV, Frank LA, Malikova NP, Stepanyuk GA, Lee J, Vysotski ES. Coelenterazine-binding protein of Renilla muelleri: cDNA cloning, overexpression, and characterization as a substrate of luciferase. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2007; 7:189-96. [PMID: 18264586 DOI: 10.1039/b713109g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Renilla bioluminescent system in vivo is comprised of three proteins--the luciferase, green-fluorescent protein, and coelenterazine-binding protein (CBP), previously called luciferin-binding protein (LBP). This work reports the cloning of the full-size cDNA encoding CBP from soft coral Renilla muelleri, its overexpression and properties of the recombinant protein. The apo-CBP was quantitatively converted to CBP by simple incubation with coelenterazine. The physicochemical properties of this recombinant CBP are determined to be practically the same as those reported for the CBP (LBP) of R. reniformis. CBP is a member of the four-EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding superfamily of proteins with only three of the EF-hand loops having the Ca(2+)-binding consensus sequences. There is weak sequence homology with the Ca(2+)-regulated photoproteins but only as a result of the necessary Ca(2+)-binding loop structure. In combination with Renilla luciferase, addition of only one Ca(2+) is sufficient to release the coelenterazine as a substrate for the luciferase for bioluminescence. This combination of the two proteins generates bioluminescence with higher reaction efficiency than using free coelenterazine alone as the substrate for luciferase. This increased quantum yield, a difference of bioluminescence spectra, and markedly different kinetics, implicate that a CBP-luciferase complex might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim S Titushin
- Photobiology Lab, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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27
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Li H, Wang Y, Yan Z, Feng H, Hu Y. Proton transfer of magnolol in ground and excited states. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Mori K, Maki S, Niwa H, Ikeda H, Hirano T. Real light emitter in the bioluminescence of the calcium-activated photoproteins aequorin and obelin: light emission from the singlet-excited state of coelenteramide phenolate anion in a contact ion pair. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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30
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Liu ZJ, Stepanyuk GA, Vysotski ES, Lee J, Markova SV, Malikova NP, Wang BC. Crystal structure of obelin after Ca2+-triggered bioluminescence suggests neutral coelenteramide as the primary excited state. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:2570-5. [PMID: 16467137 PMCID: PMC1413834 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0511142103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure at 1.93-A resolution is determined for the Ca2+-discharged obelin containing three bound calcium ions as well as the product of the bioluminescence reaction, coelenteramide. This finding extends the series of available spatial structures of the ligand-dependent conformations of the protein to four, the obelin itself, and those after the bioluminescence reaction with or without bound Ca2+ and/or coelenteramide. Among these structures, global conformational changes are small, typical of the class of "calcium signal modulators" within the EF-hand protein superfamily. Nevertheless, in the active site there are significant repositions of two residues. The His-175 imidazole ring flips becoming almost perpendicular to the original orientation corroborating the crucial importance of this residue for triggering bioluminescence. Tyr-138 hydrogen bonded to the coelenterazine N1-atom in unreacted obelin is moved away from the binding cavity after reaction. However, this Tyr is displaced by a water molecule from within the cavity, which now forms a hydrogen bond to the same atom, the amide N of coelenteramide. From this observation, a reaction scheme is proposed that would result in the neutral coelenteramide as the primary excited state product in photoprotein bioluminescence. From such a higher energy state it is now energetically feasible to account for the shorter wavelength bioluminescence spectra obtained from some photoprotein mutants or to populate the lower energy state of the phenolate anion to yield the blue bioluminescence ordinarily observed from native photoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jie Liu
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Galina A. Stepanyuk
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Eugene S. Vysotski
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - John Lee
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Svetlana V. Markova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Natalia P. Malikova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Bi-Cheng Wang
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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31
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Stepanyuk GA, Golz S, Markova SV, Frank LA, Lee J, Vysotski ES. Interchange of aequorin and obelin bioluminescence color is determined by substitution of one active site residue of each photoprotein. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:1008-14. [PMID: 15710383 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2004] [Revised: 01/03/2005] [Accepted: 01/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The bioluminescence spectra from the Ca2+-regulated photoproteins aequorin (lambdamax=469 nm) and obelin (lambdamax=482 nm) differ because aequorin has an H-bond from its Tyr82 to the bound coelenteramide, not present in obelin at the corresponding Phe88. Substitutions of this Phe88 by Tyr, Trp, or His shifted the obelin bioluminescence to shorter wavelength with F88Y having lambdamax=453 nm. Removal of the H-bond by the substitution of Y82F in aequorin shifted its bioluminescence to lambdamax=501 nm. All mutants were stable with good activity and were expressible in mammalian cells, thereby demonstrating potential for monitoring multiple events in cells using multi-color detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina A Stepanyuk
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
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32
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Solntsev KM, Sullivan EN, Tolbert LM, Ashkenazi S, Leiderman P, Huppert D. Excited-State Proton Transfer Reactions of 10-Hydroxycamptothecin1. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:12701-8. [PMID: 15453804 DOI: 10.1021/ja047821e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved and steady-state emission characterization of 10-hydroxycamptothecin reveals a rich but less complex proton-transfer behavior than its parent hydroxyquinoline. The electronic effect of the additional electron-withdrawing ring makes the excited-state both less basic and more acidic than the parent and adds to the class of high-acidity excited-state proton donors in photochemistry and photobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyril M Solntsev
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332-0400, USA.
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33
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Deng L, Markova SV, Vysotski ES, Liu ZJ, Lee J, Rose J, Wang BC. Crystal Structure of a Ca2+-discharged Photoprotein. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:33647-52. [PMID: 15155735 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m402427200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-regulated photoproteins are members of the EF-hand calcium-binding protein family. The addition of Ca2+ produces a blue bioluminescence by triggering a decarboxylation reaction of protein-bound hydroperoxycoelenterazine to form the product, coelenteramide, in an excited state. Based on the spatial structures of aequorin and several obelins, we have postulated mechanisms for the Ca2+ trigger and for generation of the different excited states that are the origin of the different colors of bioluminescence. Here we report the crystal structure of the Ca2+-discharged photoprotein obelin at 1.96-A resolution. The results lend support to the proposed mechanisms and provide new structural insight into details of these processes. Global conformational changes caused by Ca2+ association are typical of the class of calcium signal modulators within the EF-hand protein superfamily. Accommodation of the Ca2+ ions into the loops of the EF-hands is seen to propagate into the active site of the protein now occupied by the coelenteramide where there is a significant repositioning and flipping of the His-175 imidazole ring as crucially required in the trigger hypothesis. Also the H-bonding between His-22 and the coelenterazine found in the active photoprotein is preserved at the equivalent position of coelenteramide, confirming the proposed rapid excited state proton transfer that would lead to the excited state of the phenolate ion pair, which is responsible for the blue emission of bioluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Deng
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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34
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Vysotski ES, Lee J. Ca2+-regulated photoproteins: structural insight into the bioluminescence mechanism. Acc Chem Res 2004; 37:405-15. [PMID: 15196050 DOI: 10.1021/ar0400037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bioluminescent jellyfish has contributed two famous proteins to modern science: green fluorescent protein or GFP, which finds wide use as a probe in cell biology studies, and aequorin, which has been used for intracellular calcium measurement for more than 30 years. More recently, obelin, a protein from the bioluminescent hydroid and also in the family of what are called "Ca2+-regulated photoproteins", has been shown to have very attractive properties both in general applications and for basic structural biology investigations. This review will survey the new information into their molecular mechanism of bioluminescence action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene S Vysotski
- Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
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