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Inui TA, Yasuda M, Hirano S, Ikeuchi Y, Kogiso H, Inui T, Marunaka Y, Nakahari T. Enhancement of ciliary beat amplitude by carbocisteine in ciliated human nasal epithelial cells. Laryngoscope 2019; 130:E289-E297. [PMID: 31294840 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carbocisteine (CCis), a mucoactive agent, is used to improve the symptoms of sinonasal diseases. However, the effect of CCis on nasal ciliary beating remains uncertain. We examined the effects of CCis on ciliary beat distance (CBD, an index of amplitude), and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in ciliated human nasal epithelial cells (cHNECs) in primary culture. METHODS The cHNECs were prepared from the nasal tissue resected from patients required surgery for chronic sinusitis (CS) or allergic rhinitis (AR). CBD and CBF were measured using videomicroscopy equipped with a high-speed camera. RESULTS CCis increased CBD by 30%, but not CBF, and decreased intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl- ]i ) in cHNECs. The CCis' actions were mimicked by the Cl- -free NO3 - solution. In contrast, prior treatment of NPPB (20 μM) or CFTR(inh)-172 (1 μM), which increased [Cl- ]i by 20%, decreased CBF by 10% and CBD by 25% and inhibited the CCis' actions. However, prior treatment of T16Ainh-A01 (10 μM) did not inhibit the CCis' actions, although it decreased [Cl- ]i by 10% and CBD by 15%. Thus, CCis stimulates Cl- channels including cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Moreover, CCis enhanced the transport of microbeads driven by the beating cilia in cHNECs. The CCis actions were similar in cHNECs from both types of pateints. CONCLUSION CCis increased CBD by 30% in cHNECs via an [Cl- ]i decrease stimulated by activation of Cl- channels, including CFTR. CCis may stimulate nasal mucociliary clearance by increasing CBD in patients contracting CS or AR. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. Laryngoscope, 130:E289-E297, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taka-Aki Inui
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hirano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruka Kogiso
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshio Inui
- Research Laboratory for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Saisei Mirai Clinics, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Laboratory for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Research Institute for Clinical Physiology, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahari
- Research Laboratory for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
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Ikeuchi Y, Kogiso H, Hosogi S, Tanaka S, Shimamoto C, Matsumura H, Inui T, Marunaka Y, Nakahari T. Carbocisteine stimulated an increase in ciliary bend angle via a decrease in [Cl -] i in mouse airway cilia. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:365-380. [PMID: 30291431 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbocisteine (CCis), a mucoactive agent, is widely used to improve respiratory diseases. This study demonstrated that CCis increases ciliary bend angle (CBA) by 30% and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) by 10% in mouse airway ciliary cells. These increases were induced by an elevation in intracellular pH (pHi; the pHi pathway) and a decrease in the intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i; the Cl- pathway) stimulated by CCis. The Cl- pathway, which is independent of CO2/HCO3-, increased CBA by 20%. This pathway activated Cl- release via activation of Cl- channels, leading to a decrease in [Cl-]i, and was inhibited by Cl- channel blockers (5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid and CFTR(inh)-172). Under the CO2/HCO3--free condition, the CBA increase stimulated by CCis was mimicked by the Cl--free NO3- solution. The pHi pathway, which depends on CO2/HCO3-, increased CBF and CBA by 10%. This pathway activated HCO3- entry via Na+/HCO3- cotransport (NBC), leading to a pHi elevation, and was inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid. The effects of CCis were not affected by a protein kinase A inhibitor (1 μM PKI-A) or Ca2+-free solution. Thus, CCis decreased [Cl-]i via activation of Cl- channels including CFTR, increasing CBA by 20%, and elevated pHi via NBC activation, increasing CBF and CBA by 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Haruka Kogiso
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shigekuni Hosogi
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Saori Tanaka
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Chikao Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Matsumura
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Toshio Inui
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.,Saisei Mirai Clinics, Moriguchi, 570-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.,Research Institute for Clinical Physiology, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahari
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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Pavlovic D, Frieling H, Usichenko T, Nedeljkov V, Nafissi T, Lehmann C, Aubier M, Wendt M. s-CARBOXYMETHYLCYSTEINE INHIBITS CARBACHOL-INDUCED CONSTRICTION OF EPITHELIUM-DENUDED RAT AND HUMAN AIRWAY PREPARATIONS. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 35:663-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Guizzardi F, Rodighiero S, Binelli A, Saino S, Bononi E, Dossena S, Garavaglia ML, Bazzini C, Bottà G, Conese M, Daffonchio L, Novellini R, Paulmichl M, Meyer G. S-CMC-Lys-dependent stimulation of electrogenic glutathione secretion by human respiratory epithelium. J Mol Med (Berl) 2005; 84:97-107. [PMID: 16283140 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-005-0720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2005] [Accepted: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is one of the most important defense mechanisms against oxidative stress in the respiratory epithelial lining fluid. Considering that GSH secretion in respiratory cells has been postulated to be at least partially electrogenic, and that the mucoregulator S-carbocysteine lysine salt monohydrate (S-CMC-Lys) can cause an activation of epithelial Cl(-) conductance, the purpose of this study was to verify whether S-CMC-Lys is able to stimulate GSH secretion. Experiments have been performed by patch-clamp technique, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay, and by Western blot analysis on cultured lines of human respiratory cells (WI-26VA4 and CFT1-C2). In whole-cell configuration, after cell exposure to 100 microM S-CMC-Lys, a current due to an outward GSH flux was observed, which was inhibitable by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate and glibenclamide. This current was not observed in CFT1-C2 cells, where a functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is lacking. Inside-out patch-clamp experiments (GSH on the cytoplasm side, Cl(-) on the extracellular side) showed the activity of a channel, which was able to conduct current in both directions: the single channel conductance was 2-4 pS, and the open probability (P(o)) was low and voltage-independent. After preincubation with 100 microM S-CMC-Lys, there was an increase in P(o), in the number of active channels present in each patch, and in the relative permeability to GSH vs Cl(-). Outwardly directed efflux of GSH could also be increased by protein kinase A, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) added to the cytoplasmic side (whole-cell configuration). The increased secretion of GSH observed in the presence of S-CMC-Lys or 8-bromoadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate was also confirmed by HPLC assay of GSH on a confluent monolayer of respiratory cells. Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of CFTR in WI-26VA4 cells. This study suggests that S-CMC-Lys is able to stimulate a channel-mediated GSH secretion by human respiratory cells: electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics of this channel are similar to those of the CFTR channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Guizzardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Boonyapiwat B, Panagopoulos P, Jones H, Mitchell SC, Forbes B, Steventon GB. PHENYLALANINE 4-MONOOXYGENASE AND THE S-OXIDATION OF S-CARBOXYMETHYL-L-CYSTEINE IN HepG2 CELLS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 21:1-18. [PMID: 16086552 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi.2005.21.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase (PAH) in the S-oxidation of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine (SCMC) in the rat has now been well established in rat cytosolic fractions in vitro. However, the role of PAH in the S-oxidation of SCMC in human cytosolic fractions or hepatocytes has yet to be investigated. The aim of this investigation was to analyse the kinetic parameters of PAH oxidation of both L-phenylalanine (Phe) and SCMC in the human HepG2 cell line in order to investigate the use of these cells as a model for the cellular regulation of SCMC S-oxidation. The experimentally determined Km and V(max) were 7.14 +/- 0.32 mM and 0.85 +/- 0.32 nmole Tyr formed min(-1) x mg protein(-1) using Phe as substrate. For SCMC the values were 25.24 +/- 5.91 mM and 0.79 +/- 0.09 nmole SCMC (RIS) S-oxides formed min(-1) x mg protein(-1). The experimentally determined Km and V(max) for the cofactor BH4 were 6.81 +/- 0.21 microM and 0.41 +/- 0.004 nmole Tyr formed min(-1) x mg protein(-1) for Phe and 7.24 +/- 0.19 microM and 0.42 +/- 0.002 nmole SCMC (R/S) S-oxides formed min(-1) x mg protein(-1) for SCMC. The use of various PAH inhibitors confirmed that HepG2 cells contained PAH and that the enzyme was capable of converting SCMC to its (R) and (S) S-oxide metabolites in an in vitro PAH assay. Thus HepG2 cells have become a useful additional tool for the investigation of the cellular regulation of PAH in the S-oxidation of SCMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boontarika Boonyapiwat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, School of Health and Life Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Abstract
1. More than 1300 different mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cause cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease characterized by deficient epithelial Cl- secretion and enhanced Na+ absorption. The clinical course of the disease is determined by the progressive lung disease. Thus, novel approaches in pharmacotherapy are based primarily on correction of the ion transport defect in the airways. 2. The current therapeutic strategies try to counteract the deficiency in Cl- secretion and the enhanced Na+ absorption. A number of compounds have been identified, such as genistein and xanthine derivatives, which directly activate mutant CFTR. Other compounds may activate alternative Ca2+-activated Cl- channels or basolateral K+ channels, which supply the driving force for Cl- secretion. Apart from that, Na+ channel blockers, such as phenamil and benzamil, are being explored, which counteract the hyperabsorption of NaCl in CF airways. 3. Clinical trials are under way using purinergic compounds such as the P2Y(2) receptor agonist INS365. Activation of P2Y(2) receptors has been found to both activate Cl- secretion and inhibit Na+ absorption. 4. The ultimate goal is to recover Cl- channel activity of mutant CFTR by either enhancing synthesis and expression of the protein or by activating silent CFTR Cl- channels. Strategies combining these drugs with compounds facilitating Cl- secretion and inhibiting Na+ absorption in vivo may have the best chance to counteract the ion transport defect in cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kunzelmann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
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Kunzelmann K. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and its function in epithelial transport. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1999; 137:1-70. [PMID: 10207304 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-65362-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CF is a well characterized disease affecting a variety of epithelial tissues. Impaired function of the cAMP activated CFTR Cl- channel appears to be the basic defect detectable in epithelial and non-epithelial cells derived from CF patients. Apart from cAMP-dependent Cl- channels also Ca2+ and volume activated Cl- currents may be changed in the presence of CFTR mutations. This is supported by recent additional findings showing that different intracellular messengers converge on the CFTR Cl- channel. Analysis of the ion transport in CF airways and intestinal epithelium identified additional defects in Na+ transport. It became clear recently that mutations of CFTR may also affect the activity of other membrane conductances including epithelial Na+ channels, KvLQT-1 K+ channels and aquaporins (Fig. 7). Several additional, initially unexpected effects of CFTR on cellular functions, such as exocytosis, mucin secretion and regulation of the intracellular pH were reported during the past. Taken together, these results clearly indicate that CFTR not only acts as a cAMP regulated Cl- channel, but may fulfill several other cellular functions, particularly by regulating other membrane conductances. Failure in CFTR dependent regulation of these membrane conductances is likely to contribute to the defects observed in CF. Currently, no general concept is available that can explain how CFTR controls this variety of cellular functions. Further studies will have to verify whether direct protein interaction, specific effects on membrane turnover, changes of the intracellular ion concentration or additional proteins are involved in these regulatory loops. At the end of this review one cannot share the provocative and reassuring title "CFTR!" of a review written a few years ago [114]. Today one might rather finish with the statement "CFTR?".
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kunzelmann
- Physiologisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany
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