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Sander CL, Luu J, Kim K, Furkert D, Jang K, Reichenwallner J, Kang M, Lee HJ, Eger BT, Choe HW, Fiedler D, Ernst OP, Kim YJ, Palczewski K, Kiser PD. Structural evidence for visual arrestin priming via complexation of phosphoinositols. Structure 2022; 30:263-277.e5. [PMID: 34678158 PMCID: PMC8818024 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Visual arrestin (Arr1) terminates rhodopsin signaling by blocking its interaction with transducin. To do this, Arr1 translocates from the inner to the outer segment of photoreceptors upon light stimulation. Mounting evidence indicates that inositol phosphates (InsPs) affect Arr1 activity, but the Arr1-InsP molecular interaction remains poorly defined. We report the structure of bovine Arr1 in a ligand-free state featuring a near-complete model of the previously unresolved C-tail, which plays a crucial role in regulating Arr1 activity. InsPs bind to the N-domain basic patch thus displacing the C-tail, suggesting that they prime Arr1 for interaction with rhodopsin and help direct Arr1 translocation. These structures exhibit intact polar cores, suggesting that C-tail removal by InsP binding is insufficient to activate Arr1. These results show how Arr1 activity can be controlled by endogenous InsPs in molecular detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Sander
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA,Department of Ophthalmology and the Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jennings Luu
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA,Department of Ophthalmology and the Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kyumhyuk Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David Furkert
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kiyoung Jang
- Department of Lifestyle Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | | | - MinSoung Kang
- Department of Lifestyle Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea,Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA,Research Service, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
| | - Bryan T. Eger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hui-Woog Choe
- Department of Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dorothea Fiedler
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver P. Ernst
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yong Ju Kim
- Department of Lifestyle Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea,Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA,Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Philip D. Kiser
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA,Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA,Research Service, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA,Lead contact
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Visual Arrestin 1 acts as a modulator for N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor in the photoreceptor synapse. J Neurosci 2010; 30:9381-91. [PMID: 20631167 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1207-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the G-protein-coupled receptor phototransduction cascade, visual Arrestin 1 (Arr1) binds to and deactivates phosphorylated light-activated opsins, a process that is critical for effective recovery and normal vision. In this report, we discovered a novel synaptic interaction between Arr1 and N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) that is enhanced in a dark environment when mouse photoreceptors are depolarized and the rate of exocytosis is elevated. In the photoreceptor synapse, NSF functions to sustain a higher rate of exocytosis, in addition to the compensatory endocytosis to retrieve and to recycle vesicle membrane and synaptic proteins. Not only does Arr1 bind to the junction of NSF N-terminal and its first ATPase domains in an ATP-dependent manner in vitro, but Arr1 also enhances both NSF ATPase and NSF disassembly activities. In in vivo experiments in mouse retinas with the Arr1 gene knocked out, the expression levels of NSF and other synapse-enriched components, including vGLUT1 (vesicular glutamate transporter 1), EAAT5 (excitatory amino acid transporter 5), and VAMP2 (vesicle-associated membrane protein 2), are markedly reduced, which leads to a substantial decrease in the exocytosis rate with FM1-43. Thus, we propose that the Arr1 and NSF interaction is important for modulating normal synaptic function in mouse photoreceptors. This study demonstrates a vital alternative function for Arr1 in the photoreceptor synapse and provides key insights into the potential molecular mechanisms of inherited retinal diseases, such as Oguchi disease and Arr1-associated retinitis pigmentosa.
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LeVine H. Structural features of heterotrimeric G-protein-coupled receptors and their modulatory proteins. Mol Neurobiol 1999; 19:111-49. [PMID: 10371466 DOI: 10.1007/bf02743657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, the general mechanism for signaling through 7-transmembrane helix receptors coupled to GTP hydrolysis has been worked out. Although similar in overall organization, subtype variability and subcellular localization of components have built in considerable signaling specificity. Atomic resolution structures for many of the components have delineated the domain organization of these complex proteins and have given physical form to the idea of subtype specificity. This review describes what is known about the physical structures of the 7-transmembrane helix receptors, the heterotrimeric GTP binding coupling proteins, the adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C effector proteins, and signaling modulatory proteins, such as arrestin, phosducin, recoverin-type myristoyl switch proteins, and the pleckstrin homology domain of G-protein receptor kinase-2. These images allow experimenters to contemplate the details of the supramolecular organization of the multiprotein complexes involved in the transmission of signals across the cellular lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H LeVine
- Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division of Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Granzin J, Wilden U, Choe HW, Labahn J, Krafft B, Büldt G. X-ray crystal structure of arrestin from bovine rod outer segments. Nature 1998; 391:918-21. [PMID: 9495348 DOI: 10.1038/36147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Retinal arrestin is the essential protein for the termination of the light response in vertebrate rod outer segments. It plays an important role in quenching the light-induced enzyme cascade by its ability to bind to phosphorylated light-activated rhodopsin (P-Rh*). Arrestins are found in various G-protein-coupled amplification cascades. Here we report on the three-dimensional structure of bovine arrestin (relative molecular mass, 45,300) at 3.3 A resolution. The crystal structure comprises two domains of antiparallel beta-sheets connected through a hinge region and one short alpha-helix on the back of the amino-terminal fold. The binding region for phosphorylated light-activated rhodopsin is located at the N-terminal domain, as indicated by the docking of the photoreceptor to the three-dimensional structure of arrestin. This agrees with the interpretation of binding studies on partially digested and mutated arrestin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Granzin
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Biologische Informationsverarbeitung, Germany.
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