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Kalinovskii AP, Sintsova OV, Gladkikh IN, Leychenko EV. Natural Inhibitors of Mammalian α-Amylases as Promising Drugs for the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16514. [PMID: 38003703 PMCID: PMC10671682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Amylase is a generally acknowledged molecular target of a distinct class of antidiabetic drugs named α-glucosidase inhibitors. This class of medications is scarce and rather underutilized, and treatment with current commercial drugs is accompanied by unpleasant adverse effects. However, mammalian α-amylase inhibitors are abundant in nature and form an extensive pool of high-affinity ligands that are available for drug discovery. Individual compounds and natural extracts and preparations are promising therapeutic agents for conditions associated with impaired starch metabolism, e.g., diabetes mellitus, obesity, and other metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the structural diversity and action mechanisms of active natural products with inhibitory activity toward mammalian α-amylases, and emphasizes proteinaceous inhibitors as more effective compounds with significant potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr P. Kalinovskii
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Oksana V. Sintsova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (O.V.S.); (I.N.G.)
| | - Irina N. Gladkikh
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (O.V.S.); (I.N.G.)
| | - Elena V. Leychenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (O.V.S.); (I.N.G.)
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A Proteinaceous Alpha-Amylase Inhibitor from Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract: Purification, Characterization, and Insecticide Effects against C. maculates Insect Larvae. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134222. [PMID: 35807466 PMCID: PMC9268253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the current study was the extraction, purification, and enzymatic characterization of a potent proteinaceous amylase inhibitor from Moringa oleifera. The antimicrobial potential and insecticide effects against C. maculates insect larvae were also studied. The α-amylase inhibitor was extracted in methanol (with an inhibitory activity of 65.6% ± 4.93). Afterwards, the inhibitor αAI.Mol was purified after a heat treatment at 70 °C for 15 min followed by one chromatographic step of Sephadex G-50. An apparent molecular weight of 25 kDa was analyzed, and the N-terminal sequence showed the highest identity level (89%) with the monomeric α-amylase inhibitor from Triticum dicoccoides. αAI.Mol was found to tolerate pH values ranging from 5.0 to 11.0 and showed maximal activity at pH 9.0. Thermal stability was remarkably important, since the inhibitory activity was maintained at 55% after 1 h of incubation at 70 °C and at 53% after an incubation of 45 min at 80 °C. The potency of the current purified inhibitor against amylases from different origins indicates that αAI.Mol seems to possess the highest affinity toward human salivary α-amylase (90% inhibitory activity), followed by the α-amylase of insects Callosobruchus maculatus and Tribolium confusum (71% and 61%, respectively). The kinetic parameters were also calculated, and the Kmax and Vmax of the digestive amylase were estimated at 185 (mmol/min/mg) and 0.13 mM, respectively. The inhibitor possesses a strong bactericidal effect against Gram+ and Gram- strains, and the MIC values were >1 against B. cereus but >6 against E. coli. Interestingly, the rates of survival and pupation of C. maculates insect larvae were remarkably affected by the purified αAI.Mol from Moringa oleifera.
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Prado GS, Bamogo PKA, de Abreu JAC, Gillet FX, dos Santos VO, Silva MCM, Brizard JP, Bemquerer MP, Bangratz M, Brugidou C, Sérémé D, Grossi-de-Sa MF, Lacombe S. Nicotiana benthamiana is a suitable transient system for high-level expression of an active inhibitor of cotton boll weevil α-amylase. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:15. [PMID: 30849970 PMCID: PMC6408794 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insect resistance in crops represents a main challenge for agriculture. Transgenic approaches based on proteins displaying insect resistance properties are widely used as efficient breeding strategies. To extend the spectrum of targeted pathogens and overtake the development of resistance, molecular evolution strategies have been used on genes encoding these proteins to generate thousands of variants with new or improved functions. The cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) is one of the major pests of cotton in the Americas. An α-amylase inhibitor (α-AIC3) variant previously developed via molecular evolution strategy showed inhibitory activity against A. grandis α-amylase (AGA). RESULTS We produced in a few days considerable amounts of α-AIC3 using an optimised transient heterologous expression system in Nicotiana benthamiana. This high α-AIC3 accumulation allowed its structural and functional characterizations. We demonstrated via MALDI-TOF MS/MS technique that the protein was processed as expected. It could inhibit up to 100% of AGA biological activity whereas it did not act on α-amylase of two non-pathogenic insects. These data confirmed that N. benthamiana is a suitable and simple system for high-level production of biologically active α-AIC3. Based on other benefits such as economic, health and environmental that need to be considerate, our data suggested that α-AIC3 could be a very promising candidate for the production of transgenic crops resistant to cotton boll weevil without lethal effect on at least two non-pathogenic insects. CONCLUSIONS We propose this expression system can be complementary to molecular evolution strategies to identify the most promising variants before starting long-lasting stable transgenic programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Souza Prado
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF Brazil
- Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Pingdwende Kader Aziz Bamogo
- IRD, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Environnement (IPME), Montpellier, France
- INERA/LMI Patho-Bios, Institut de L’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Paul Brizard
- IRD, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Environnement (IPME), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Martine Bangratz
- IRD, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Environnement (IPME), Montpellier, France
- INERA/LMI Patho-Bios, Institut de L’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Christophe Brugidou
- IRD, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Environnement (IPME), Montpellier, France
- INERA/LMI Patho-Bios, Institut de L’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Drissa Sérémé
- INERA/LMI Patho-Bios, Institut de L’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF Brazil
- Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Séverine Lacombe
- IRD, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Environnement (IPME), Montpellier, France
- INERA/LMI Patho-Bios, Institut de L’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Naseri B, Borzoui E, Majd S, Mozaffar Mansouri S. Influence of Different Food Commodities on Life History, Feeding Efficiency, and Digestive Enzymatic Activity of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:2263-2268. [PMID: 28962016 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The life history, feeding indices, and digestive enzymatic activity of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) were studied on flours of 10 commodities (artificial diet, barley, cowpea, maize, millet, rice, sorghum, soybean, triticale, and wheat) at 30 ± 1°C, relative humidity 75 ± 5% (12 h photophase). The maximum survival rate of immature stages was on artificial diet (75%), and the minimum rate was on soybean flour (30%). The duration of immature stages was significantly longer on soybean flour (33.3 ± 0.6 days) than on other tested flours of commodities. Record for the highest fecundity of this insect was on artificial diet (418.9 ± 9.1 eggs/female) and the lowest was on soybean flour (121.5 ± 7.0 eggs/female). The results showed that fourth instar of T. castaneum reared on soybean flour had the lowest relative growth rate (RGR; 0.141 ± 0.011 mg/mg/d) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (34.59 ± 0.009%). The amylolytic activity of fourth instar was the highest when larvae were fed on barley flour (8.97 ± 0.25 mU/min/larva) and the lowest when they were fed on wheat flour (1.64 ± 0.23 mU/min/larva). Larvae exhibited a single strong band of amylolytic activity among different flours of commodities; the lowest and highest intensity was for larvae fed on wheat and barley flours, respectively. The zymogram of the general protease activity showed four main bands, which the first band was unique for triticale- and artificial diet-fed larvae. The results of this study indicated that soybean flour was the most unsuitable food for feeding and development of T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Naseri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ehsan Borzoui
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Shadi Majd
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Seyed Mozaffar Mansouri
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
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Ramalingam A, Kudapa H, Pazhamala LT, Weckwerth W, Varshney RK. Proteomics and Metabolomics: Two Emerging Areas for Legume Improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1116. [PMID: 26734026 PMCID: PMC4689856 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The crop legumes such as chickpea, common bean, cowpea, peanut, pigeonpea, soybean, etc. are important sources of nutrition and contribute to a significant amount of biological nitrogen fixation (>20 million tons of fixed nitrogen) in agriculture. However, the production of legumes is constrained due to abiotic and biotic stresses. It is therefore imperative to understand the molecular mechanisms of plant response to different stresses and identify key candidate genes regulating tolerance which can be deployed in breeding programs. The information obtained from transcriptomics has facilitated the identification of candidate genes for the given trait of interest and utilizing them in crop breeding programs to improve stress tolerance. However, the mechanisms of stress tolerance are complex due to the influence of multi-genes and post-transcriptional regulations. Furthermore, stress conditions greatly affect gene expression which in turn causes modifications in the composition of plant proteomes and metabolomes. Therefore, functional genomics involving various proteomics and metabolomics approaches have been obligatory for understanding plant stress tolerance. These approaches have also been found useful to unravel different pathways related to plant and seed development as well as symbiosis. Proteome and metabolome profiling using high-throughput based systems have been extensively applied in the model legume species, Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus, as well as in the model crop legume, soybean, to examine stress signaling pathways, cellular and developmental processes and nodule symbiosis. Moreover, the availability of protein reference maps as well as proteomics and metabolomics databases greatly support research and understanding of various biological processes in legumes. Protein-protein interaction techniques, particularly the yeast two-hybrid system have been advantageous for studying symbiosis and stress signaling in legumes. In this review, several studies on proteomics and metabolomics in model and crop legumes have been discussed. Additionally, applications of advanced proteomics and metabolomics approaches have also been included in this review for future applications in legume research. The integration of these "omics" approaches will greatly support the identification of accurate biomarkers in legume smart breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Ramalingam
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Hyderabad, India
| | - Himabindu Kudapa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Hyderabad, India
| | - Lekha T Pazhamala
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Hyderabad, India
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Hyderabad, India; School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
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Oseguera-Toledo ME, Gonzalez de Mejia E, Amaya-Llano SL. Hard-to-cook bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) proteins hydrolyzed by alcalase and bromelain produced bioactive peptide fractions that inhibit targets of type-2 diabetes and oxidative stress. Food Res Int 2015; 76:839-851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Bushey DF, Bannon GA, Delaney BF, Graser G, Hefford M, Jiang X, Lee TC, Madduri KM, Pariza M, Privalle LS, Ranjan R, Saab-Rincon G, Schafer BW, Thelen JJ, Zhang JX, Harper MS. Characteristics and safety assessment of intractable proteins in genetically modified crops. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 69:154-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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da Silva MCM, Del Sarto RP, Lucena WA, Rigden DJ, Teixeira FR, Bezerra CDA, Albuquerque EVS, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Employing in vitro directed molecular evolution for the selection of α-amylase variant inhibitors with activity toward cotton boll weevil enzyme. J Biotechnol 2013; 167:377-85. [PMID: 23892157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Numerous species of insect pests attack cotton plants, out of which the cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) is the main insect in Brazil and must be controlled to avert large economic losses. Like other insect pests, A. grandis secretes a high level of α-amylases in the midgut lumen, which are required for digestion of carbohydrates. Thus, α-amylase inhibitors (α-AIs) represent a powerful tool to apply in the control of insect pests. Here, we applied DNA shuffling and phage display techniques and obtained a combinatorial library containing 10⁸ α-AI variant forms. From this library, variants were selected exhibiting in vitro affinity for cotton boll weevil α-amylases. Twenty-six variant sequences were cloned into plant expression vectors and expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transformed plant extracts were assayed in vitro to select specific and potent α-amylase inhibitors against boll weevil amylases. While the wild type inhibitors, used to create the shuffled library, did not inhibit the A. grandis α-amylases, three α-AI mutants, named α-AIC3, α-AIA11 and α-AIG4 revealed high inhibitory activities against A. grandis α-amylases in an in vitro assay. In summary, data reported here shown the potential biotechnology of new α-AI variant genes for cotton boll weevil control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Mattar da Silva
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Laboratório Interação Molecular Planta Praga, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil.
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9
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Zaugg I, Magni C, Panzeri D, Daminati MG, Bollini R, Benrey B, Bacher S, Sparvoli F. QUES, a new Phaseolus vulgaris genotype resistant to common bean weevils, contains the Arcelin-8 allele coding for new lectin-related variants. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:647-661. [PMID: 23117719 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-2008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the most abundant seed proteins are the storage protein phaseolin and the family of closely related APA proteins (arcelin, phytohemagglutinin and α-amylase inhibitor). High variation in APA protein composition has been described and the presence of arcelin (Arc) has been associated with bean resistance against two bruchid beetles, the bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say) and the Mexican bean weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatus Bohemian). So far, seven Arc variants have been identified, all in wild accessions, however, only those containing Arc-4 were reported to be resistant to both species. Although many efforts have been made, a successful breeding of this genetic trait into cultivated genotypes has not yet been achieved. Here, we describe a newly collected wild accession (named QUES) and demonstrate its resistance to both A. obtectus and Z. subfasciatus. Immunological and proteomic analyses of QUES seed protein composition indicated the presence of new Arc and arcelin-like (ARL) polypeptides of about 30 and 27 kDa, respectively. Sequencing of cDNAs coding for QUES APA proteins confirmed that this accession contains new APA variants, here referred to as Arc-8 and ARL-8. Moreover, bioinformatic analysis showed the two proteins are closely related to APA components present in the G12949 wild bean accession, which contains the Arc-4 variant. The presence of these new APA components, combined with the observations that they are poorly digested and remain very abundant in A. obtectus feces, so-called frass, suggest that the QUES APA locus is involved in the bruchid resistance. Moreover, molecular analysis indicated a lower complexity of the locus compared to that of G12949, suggesting that QUES should be considered a valuable source of resistance for further breeding purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Zaugg
- Unit of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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10
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Marsh JT, Tryfona T, Powers SJ, Stephens E, Dupree P, Shewry PR, Lovegrove A. Determination of the N-glycosylation patterns of seed proteins: applications to determine the authenticity and substantial equivalence of genetically modified (GM) crops. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:8779-88. [PMID: 21780837 DOI: 10.1021/jf2010854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Methods have been developed to determine the N-glycosylation pattern of proteins at the single-seed level in two different biological systems. These were the well-characterized and widely consumed storage protein phaseolin from several species of Phaseolus (bean) and the α-amylase inhibitor from the same Phaseolus species expressed transgenically in pea. The N-glycosylation pattern of the α-amylase inhibitor expressed transgenically in pea was different from that of the inhibitor present in common bean (P. vulgaris), the species of origin of the gene. However, multivariate analysis showed that the differences in N-glycan patterns between the α-amylase inhibitors from common bean and pea were less than those between the inhibitors from common bean and two related bean species, lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius).
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Marsh
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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11
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Campbell PM, Reiner D, Moore AE, Lee RY, Epstein MM, Higgins TJV. Comparison of the α-amylase inhibitor-1 from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties and transgenic expression in other legumes--post-translational modifications and immunogenicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:6047-54. [PMID: 21542649 DOI: 10.1021/jf200456j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The seeds of peas (Pisum sativum) and chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) expressing a gene for α-amylase inhibitor-1 (αAI) from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) are protected from damage by old world bruchids (pea and cowpea weevils). Here, we used electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to compare the post-translational modifications of αAI from transgenic sources with the processed forms of the protein from several bean varieties. All sources showed microheterogeneity with differences in the relative abundance of particular variants due to differences in the frequency of addition of glycans, variable processing of glycans, and differences of C-terminal exopeptidase activity. The structural variation among the transgenics was generally within the range of the bean varieties. Previously, mice showed allergic reactions following ingestion of transgenic pea αAI but not bean αAI. Here, only minor differences were observed following intraperitoneal sensitization. Both of the transgenic pea and bean forms of αAI elicited Th1 and Th2 antibody isotype responses, suggesting that both proteins are immunogenic and could potentially be allergenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Campbell
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, P.O. Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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12
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Ulbricht C, Bryan JK, Conquer J, Costa D, Stock T, Tanguay-Colucci S, Weissner W. An evidence-based systematic review of amylase inhibitors by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. J Diet Suppl 2010; 7:78-95. [PMID: 22435576 DOI: 10.3109/19390210903535043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An evidence-based systematic review including written and statistical analysis of scientific literature, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
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13
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Chen H, Bodulovic G, Hall PJ, Moore A, Higgins TJV, Djordjevic MA, Rolfe BG. Unintended changes in protein expression revealed by proteomic analysis of seeds from transgenic pea expressing a bean alpha-amylase inhibitor gene. Proteomics 2009; 9:4406-15. [PMID: 19725077 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Seeds of genetically modified (GM) peas (Pisum sativum L.) expressing the gene for alpha-amylase inhibitor-1 (alphaAI1) from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Tendergreen) exhibit resistance to the pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum). A proteomic analysis was carried out to compare seeds from GM pea lines expressing the bean alphaAI1 protein and the corresponding alphaAI1-free segregating lines and non-GM parental line to identify unintended alterations to the proteome of GM peas due to the introduction of the gene for alphaAI1. Proteomic analysis showed that in addition to the presence of alphaAI1, 33 other proteins were differentially accumulated in the alphaAI1-expressing GM lines compared with their non-GM parental line and these were grouped into five expression classes. Among these 33 proteins, only three were found to be associated with the expression of alphaAI1 in the GM pea lines. The accumulation of the remaining 30 proteins appears to be associated with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation events. Sixteen proteins were identified after MALDI-TOF-TOF analysis. About 56% of the identified proteins with altered accumulation in the GM pea were storage proteins including legumin, vicilin or convicilin, phaseolin, cupin and valosin-containing protein. Two proteins were uniquely expressed in the alphaAI1-expressing GM lines and one new protein was present in both the alphaAI1-expressing GM lines and their alphaAI1-free segregating lines, suggesting that both transgenesis and transformation events led to demonstrable changes in the proteomes of the GM lines tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancai Chen
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, Genomic Interactions Group, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia.
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Zajoncova L, Kosina P, Vicar J, Ulrichová J, Pec P. Study of the inhibition of α-amylase by the benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids sanguinarine and chelerythrine. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 20:261-7. [PMID: 16119197 DOI: 10.1080/14756360500067504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of porcine pancreas and human saliva alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) by sanguinarine and chelerythrine was studied. The inhibition of alpha-amylase was assayed using a biosensor method which utilises a flow system equipped with a peroxide electrode. 250 microM sanguinarine and 250 microM chelerythrine cause complete inhibition of 1.9 nkat alpha-amylase from porcine pancreas. The same concentration of sanguinarine and chelerythrine caused 23.9% and 7.5% inhibition, respectively, of 1.9 nkat alpha-amylase from human saliva. Mixed type and partially reversible inhibition was found for both alpha-amylases treated with either alkaloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Zajoncova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Slechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Goodman RE. Performing IgE serum testing due to bioinformatics matches in the allergenicity assessment of GM crops. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46 Suppl 10:S24-34. [PMID: 18715545 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Proteins introduced into genetically modified (GM) organisms through genetic engineering must be evaluated for their potential to cause allergic disease under various national laws and regulations. The Codex Alimentarius Commission guidance document (2003) calls for testing of serum IgE binding to the introduced protein if the gene was from an allergenic source, or the sequence of the transferred protein has >35% identity in any segment of 80 or more amino acids to a known allergen or shares significant short amino acid identities. The Codex guidance recognized that the assessment will evolve based on new scientific knowledge. Arguably, the current criteria are too conservative as discussed in this paper and they do not provide practical guidance on serum testing. The goals of this paper are: (1) to summarize evidence supporting the level of identity that indicates potential risk of cross-reactivity for those with existing allergies; (2) to provide example bioinformatics results and discuss their interpretation using published examples of proteins expressed in transgenic crops; and (3) to discuss key factors of experimental design and methodology for serum IgE tests to minimize the rate of false negative and false positive identification of potential allergens and cross-reactive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Goodman
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, 143 Food Industry Complex, Lincoln, USA.
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16
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Abstract
The present review assesses the potential of thePhaseolus vulgarisα-amylase inhibitor isoform 1 (α-AI1) starch blockers as a widely used remedy against obesity and diabetes. Consumption of the α-amylase inhibitor causes marginal intraluminal α-amylase activity facilitated by the inhibitor's appropriate structural, physico-chemical and functional properties. As a result there is decreased postprandial plasma hyperglycaemia and insulin levels, increased resistance of starch to digestion and increased activity of colorectal bacteria. The efficacy and safety of the amylase inhibitor extracts, however, depend on the processing and extraction techniques used. The extracts are potential ingredients in foods for increased carbohydrate tolerance in diabetics, decreased energy intake for reducing obesity and for increased resistant starch. Research developments in the distribution and biosynthesis of the α-amylase inhibitor, relevant physico-chemical properties, the molecular starch-blocking mechanism, anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effects, safety of extracts and the need for research into their potential anti-colorectal cancer effect are discussed.
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17
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Guzman-Partida AM, Jatomea-Fino O, Robles-Burgueño MR, Ortega-Nieblas M, Vazquez-Moreno L. Characterization of alpha-amylase inhibitor from Palo Fierro seeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2007; 45:711-5. [PMID: 17764969 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Alpha amylase inhibitor from Palo Fierro seeds (alphaAI-PF) was purified using affinity chromatography on a fetuin-fractogel column followed by anionic exchange chromatography. AlphaAI-PF has a molecular mass of 77kDa with two subunits (15.8 and 17.4 kDa), it is nonglycosylated and has pI of 4.7. AlphaAI-PF inhibited porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPA) (1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.1), but was almost devoid of inhibitory activity on alpha-amylase extracts from Zabrotes subfasciatus (ZSA). Analysis of alphaAI-PF peptides showed a high homology to alphaAI-1 from Phaseolus vulgaris that also inhibits PPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Guzman-Partida
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Ciencia de los Alimentos, Apartado Postal 1735, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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18
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Nishizawa K, Teraishi M, Utsumi S, Ishimoto M. Assessment of the importance of alpha-amylase inhibitor-2 in bruchid resistance of wild common bean. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2007; 114:755-64. [PMID: 17186215 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Both alpha-amylase inhibitor-2 (alphaAI-2) and arcelin have been implicated in resistance of wild common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to the Mexican bean weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman). Near isogenic lines (NILs) for arcelin 1-5 were generated by backcrossing wild common bean accessions with a cultivated variety. Whereas seeds of a wild accession (G12953) containing both alphaAI-2 and arcelin 4 were completely resistant to Z. subfasciatus, those of the corresponding NIL were susceptible to infestation, suggesting that the principal determinant of resistance was lost during backcrossing. Three independent lines of transgenic azuki bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi and Ohashi] expressing alphaAI-2 accumulated high levels of this protein in seeds. The expression of alphaAI-2 in these lines conferred protection against the azuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis L.), likely through inhibition of larval digestive alpha-amylase. However, although the seed content of alphaAI-2 in these transgenic lines was similar to that in a wild accession of common bean (G12953), it did not confer a level of resistance to Z. subfasciatus similar to that of the wild accession. These results suggest that alphaAI-2 alone does not provide a high level of resistance to Z. subfasciatus. However, alphaAI-2 is an effective insecticidal protein with a spectrum of activity distinct from that of alphaAI-1, and it may prove beneficial in genetic engineering of insect resistance in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keito Nishizawa
- National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, 1-Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8555, Japan
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19
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update covering the period 1999-2000. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2006; 25:595-662. [PMID: 16642463 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and continues coverage of the field from the previous review published in 1999 (D. J. Harvey, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of carbohydrates, 1999, Mass Spectrom Rev, 18:349-451) for the period 1999-2000. As MALDI mass spectrometry is acquiring the status of a mature technique in this field, there has been a greater emphasis on applications rather than to method development as opposed to the previous review. The present review covers applications to plant-derived carbohydrates, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, mucins, glycosaminoglycans, bacterial glycolipids, glycosphingolipids, glycoglycerolipids and related compounds, and glycosides. Applications of MALDI mass spectrometry to the study of enzymes acting on carbohydrates (glycosyltransferases and glycosidases) and to the synthesis of carbohydrates, are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
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20
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Prescott VE, Hogan SP. Genetically modified plants and food hypersensitivity diseases: usage and implications of experimental models for risk assessment. Pharmacol Ther 2005; 111:374-83. [PMID: 16364445 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2005] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in biotechnology in the plant industry have led to increasing crop production and yield that in turn has increased the usage of genetically modified (GM) food in the human food chain. The usage of GM foods for human consumption has raised a number of fundamental questions including the ability of GM foods to elicit potentially harmful immunological responses, including allergic hypersensitivity. To assess the safety of foods derived from GM plants including allergenic potential, the US FDA, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO), and the EU have developed approaches for evaluation assessment. One assessment approach that has been a very active area of research and debate is the development and usage of animal models to assess the potential allergenicity of GM foods. A number of specific animal models employing rodents, pigs, and dogs have been developed for allergenicity assessment. However, validation of these models is needed and consideration of the criteria for an appropriate animal model for the assessment of allergenicity in GM plants is required. We have recently employed a BALB/c mouse model to assess the potential allergenicity of GM plants. We have been able to demonstrate that this model is able to detect differences in antigenicity and identify aspects of protein post-translational modifications that can alter antigenicity. Furthermore, this model has also enabled us to examine the usage of GM plants as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of allergic diseases. This review discusses the current approaches to assess the allergenic potential of GM food and particularly focusing on the usage of animal models to determine the potential allergenicity of GM foods and gives an overview of our recent findings and implications of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa E Prescott
- Division of Molecular Bioscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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21
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Dayler CSA, Mendes PAM, Prates MV, Bloch C, Franco OL, Grossi-de-Sá MF. Identification of a novel bean α-amylase inhibitor with chitinolytic activity. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:5616-20. [PMID: 16213488 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Revised: 09/13/2005] [Accepted: 09/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zabrotes subfasciatus is a devastating starch-dependent storage bean pest. In this study, we attempted to identify novel alpha-amylase inhibitors from wild bean seeds, with efficiency toward pest alpha-amylases. An inhibitor named Phaseolus vulgaris chitinolytic alpha-amylase inhibitor (PvCAI) was purified and mass spectrometry analyses showed a protein with 33330 Da with the ability to form dimers. Purified PvCAI showed significant inhibitory activity against larval Z. subfasciatus alpha-amylases with no activity against mammalian enzymes. N-terminal sequence analyses showed an unexpected high identity to plant chitinases from the glycoside hydrolase family 18. Furthermore, their chitinolytic activity was also detected. Our data provides compelling evidence that PvCAI also possessed chitinolytic activity, indicating the emergence of a novel alpha-amylase inhibitor class.
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22
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Svensson B, Fukuda K, Nielsen PK, Bønsager BC. Proteinaceous α-amylase inhibitors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2004; 1696:145-56. [PMID: 14871655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2003.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2003] [Accepted: 07/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteins that inhibit alpha-amylases have been isolated from plants and microorganisms. These inhibitors can have natural roles in the control of endogenous alpha-amylase activity or in defence against pathogens and pests; certain inhibitors are reported to be antinutritional factors. The alpha-amylase inhibitors belong to seven different protein structural families, most of which also contain evolutionary related proteins without inhibitory activity. Two families include bifunctional inhibitors acting both on alpha-amylases and proteases. High-resolution structures are available of target alpha-amylases in complex with inhibitors from five families. These structures indicate major diversity but also some similarity in the structural basis of alpha-amylase inhibition. Mutational analysis of the mechanism of inhibition was performed in a few cases and various protein engineering and biotechnological approaches have been outlined for exploitation of the inhibitory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Svensson
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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23
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Lioi L, Sparvoli F, Galasso I, Lanave C, Bollini R. Lectin-related resistance factors against bruchids evolved through a number of duplication events. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2003; 107:814-22. [PMID: 12819911 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2003] [Accepted: 05/07/2003] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Abundant lectin-related proteins found in common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have been shown to confer resistance against the larvae of a number of bruchid species. Genes encoding for these proteins are members of the lectin multigene family, the most representative components being arcelins, phytohemagglutinins and alpha-amylase inhibitors. Arcelins have been described in seven variants, some of which are resistance factors against the Mexican bean weevil ( Zabrotes subfasciatus), a major bean predator. In this study the isolation and sequencing of arcelin genes from wild P. vulgaris genotypes, containing Arc3 and Arc7 variants, is reported, and similarities and evolutionary relationships among the seven known arcelins are described. The evolutionary analysis shows that arcelins 3 and 4 cluster together and are the most-ancient variants. A duplication event gave rise to two additional clusters, one comprising arcelins 1, 2 and 6 and separated from the cluster of arcelins 5 and 7. A multiple number of arcelin genes were found in arcelin 3 and 4 genotypes indicating that more than one type of arcelin gene may be present in the same locus. Some of these sequences are reminiscent of ancient duplication events in arcelin evolution demonstrating that arcelins have evolved through multiple duplications. A further aim of this paper was to better understand and describe the evolution of the entire lectin multigene family. Beside arcelins, a number of other types of sequences, such as putative lectins and sequences not easily classifiable, were found in genotypes containing Arc3 and Arc4. These results, together with the evolutionary analysis, indicate that lectin loci are quite complex and confirm their origin by multiple duplication events.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lioi
- Istituto di Genetica Vegetale, CNR, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Franco OL, Rigden DJ, Melo FR, Grossi-De-Sá MF. Plant alpha-amylase inhibitors and their interaction with insect alpha-amylases. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 269:397-412. [PMID: 11856298 DOI: 10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Insect pests and pathogens (fungi, bacteria and viruses) are responsible for severe crop losses. Insects feed directly on the plant tissues, while the pathogens lead to damage or death of the plant. Plants have evolved a certain degree of resistance through the production of defence compounds, which may be aproteic, e.g. antibiotics, alkaloids, terpenes, cyanogenic glucosides or proteic, e.g. chitinases, beta-1,3-glucanases, lectins, arcelins, vicilins, systemins and enzyme inhibitors. The enzyme inhibitors impede digestion through their action on insect gut digestive alpha-amylases and proteinases, which play a key role in the digestion of plant starch and proteins. The natural defences of crop plants may be improved through the use of transgenic technology. Current research in the area focuses particularly on weevils as these are highly dependent on starch for their energy supply. Six different alpha-amylase inhibitor classes, lectin-like, knottin-like, cereal-type, Kunitz-like, gamma-purothionin-like and thaumatin-like could be used in pest control. These classes of inhibitors show remarkable structural variety leading to different modes of inhibition and different specificity profiles against diverse alpha-amylases. Specificity of inhibition is an important issue as the introduced inhibitor must not adversely affect the plant's own alpha-amylases, nor the nutritional value of the crop. Of particular interest are some bifunctional inhibitors with additional favourable properties, such as proteinase inhibitory activity or chitinase activity. The area has benefited from the recent determination of many structures of alpha-amylases, inhibitors and complexes. These structures highlight the remarkable variety in structural modes of alpha-amylase inhibition. The continuing discovery of new classes of alpha-amylase inhibitor ensures that exciting discoveries remain to be made. In this review, we summarize existing knowledge of insect alpha-amylases, plant alpha-amylase inhibitors and their interaction. Positive results recently obtained for transgenic plants and future prospects in the area are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octávio L Franco
- Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Cenargen/Embrapa, Brasília-DF, Brazil.
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25
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Sales MP, Gerhardt IR, Grossi-De-Sá MF, Xavier-Filho J. Do legume storage proteins play a role in defending seeds against bruchids? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 124:515-22. [PMID: 11027702 PMCID: PMC1539283 DOI: 10.1104/pp.124.2.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M P Sales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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26
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Franco OL, Rigden DJ, Melo FR, Bloch C, Silva CP, Grossi de Sá MF. Activity of wheat alpha-amylase inhibitors towards bruchid alpha-amylases and structural explanation of observed specificities. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:2166-73. [PMID: 10759839 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01199.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant alpha-amylase inhibitors show great potential as tools to engineer resistance of crop plants against pests. Their possible use is, however, complicated by observed variations in specificity of enzyme inhibition, even within closely related families of inhibitors. Five alpha-amylase inhibitors of the structural 0.19 family were isolated from wheat kernels, and assayed against three insect alpha-amylases and porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase, revealing several intriguing differences in inhibition profiles, even between proteins sharing sequence identity of up to 98%. Inhibition of the enzyme from a commercially important pest, the bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus, is observed for the first time. Using the crystal structure of an insect alpha-amylase in complex with a structurally related inhibitor, models were constructed and refined of insect and human alpha-amylases bound to 0.19 inhibitor. Four key questions posed by the differences in biochemical behaviour between the five inhibitors were successfully explained using these models. Residue size and charge, loop lengths, and the conformational effects of a Cys to Pro mutation, were among the factors responsible for observed differences in specificity. The improved structural understanding of the bases for the 0.19 structural family inhibitor specificity reported here may prove useful in the future for the rational design of inhibitors possessing altered inhibition characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- O L Franco
- Depto. de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Química, UnB, Brasilia, Brazil
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