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Jasiewicz B, Kozanecka-Okupnik W, Przygodzki M, Warżajtis B, Rychlewska U, Pospieszny T, Mrówczyńska L. Synthesis, antioxidant and cytoprotective activity evaluation of C-3 substituted indole derivatives. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15425. [PMID: 34326403 PMCID: PMC8322387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of fifteen indole derivatives substituted at the C-3 position were synthesized and characterized. The antioxidant activity of all derivatives was investigated by three in vitro antioxidant assays, and the derivative with pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate moiety was the most active as a radical scavenger and Fe3+-Fe2+ reducer. It can be stated that possible hydrogen and electron transfer mechanism is suggested for the quenching of the free radical. Moreover, the indolyl radical stabilization and the presence of unsubstituted indole nitrogen atom are mandatory for the observed antioxidant activity, which strongly depends on the type of the substituent directly connected to the methylene group at the C-3 position. Human red blood cells (RBC) have been used as a cell model to study derivatives interaction with the cell membrane. Haemolytic activity and RBC shape transformation were observed for certain derivatives in a concentration-dependent manner. However, most of the derivatives at sublytic concentration showed high cytoprotective activity against oxidative haemolysis induced by 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH). The cytoprotective properties of derivatives can be explained mostly due to their interactions with the RBC membrane components. Taking together, theoretical estimations and experimental data confirm the beneficial interactions between the selected C-3 substituted indole derivatives and the RBC membrane under oxidative stress conditions. These results encourage us to further structural optimization of C-3 substituted indole derivatives as potent antioxidant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Jasiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | | | - Michał Przygodzki
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Warżajtis
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Urszula Rychlewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pospieszny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Lucyna Mrówczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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Ibrahim M, Taha M, Almandil NB, Kawde AN, Nawaz M. Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical properties of some biologically important indole-based-sulfonamide derivatives. BMC Chem 2020; 14:38. [PMID: 32514499 PMCID: PMC7254745 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of indole-based-sulfonamide derivatives (A1–A8) was synthesized by treating 5-fluoro-1H-indole-3-carbohydrazide with different aryl-sulfonyl chloride in the presence of pyridine. All synthesized derivatives (A1–A8) were characterized by different analytical methods. The electrochemical behavior of these compounds (A1–A8) was investigated in detail using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) at the pencil graphite electrode (PGE). In the present study, the redox behavior of all derivatives varies due to the nature of substitutions in the indole sulfonamide moiety. Various fundamental electrochemical parameters, including the standard heterogeneous rate constants (ks), and the electroactive surface coverage (Г) were calculated from the obtained CVs. The obtained results shed light on the understanding of structure–activity relationships of this class of compounds.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor B Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel-Nasser Kawde
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
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Wang SY, Shi XC, Laborda P. Indole-based melatonin analogues: Synthetic approaches and biological activity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 185:111847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kozanecka-Okupnik W, Jasiewicz B, Pospieszny T, Jastrząb R, Skrobańska M, Mrówczyńska L. Spectroscopy, molecular modeling and anti-oxidant activity studies on novel conjugates containing indole and uracil moiety. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shirinzadeh H, Ince E, Westwell AD, Gurer-Orhan H, Suzen S. Novel indole-based melatonin analogues substituted with triazole, thiadiazole and carbothioamides: studies on their antioxidant, chemopreventive and cytotoxic activities. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1312-21. [PMID: 26745200 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1132209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is a well-known free-radical scavenger, involving in the prevention of cellular damage that can lead to cancer, ageing and a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Research on MLT-related compounds has been required to optimise the maximum pharmaceutical activity with the lowest side effects. In our ongoing research, we have synthesized new indole-based MLT analogues as potential antioxidant agents by modifying the MLT molecule. In this study, we build on previous findings, through the synthesis, characterization and in vitro antioxidant profiling of a series of new indole-based MLT analogues which possess triazole, thiadiazole and carbothioamides on the third position on the indole ring. In vitro antioxidant activity was investigated by evaluating their reducing effect against oxidation of a redox sensitive fluorescent probe and their radical scavenging activity was assessed via the DPPH assay. In addition, in vitro cytotoxic effects of newly synthesized compounds were investigated in CHO-K1 cells using the MTT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Shirinzadeh
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan University , Yalnizbag Yerleskesi , Erzincan , Turkey
| | - Elif Ince
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Andrew D Westwell
- c School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University , Cardiff , Wales , UK , and
| | - Hande Gurer-Orhan
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Sibel Suzen
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University , Tandogan , Ankara , Turkey
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Suzen S, Tekiner-Gulbas B, Shirinzadeh H, Uslu D, Gurer-Orhan H, Gumustas M, Ozkan SA. Antioxidant activity of indole-based melatonin analogues in erythrocytes and their voltammetric characterization. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:1143-55. [PMID: 22994658 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.717223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is a strong free-radical scavenger, which protects the body from the effects of oxidants. In recent years, MLT have been described resulting in much attention in the development of synthetic compounds possessing. As a part of our ongoing study a series of indole-based MLT analogue hydrazide/hydrazone derivatives were synthesized, characterized and in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated by evaluating their reducing effect against oxidation of a redox sensitive fluorescent probe. Membrane stabilizing effect of all compounds was also investigated by lactate dehydrogenase leakage assay. Furthermore voltammetric methods have been applied to the synthesized compounds to characterize oxidation potentials to get insight into their metabolism owing to the oxidation mechanisms taking place at the electrode and in the body share similar principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Suzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University , Tandogan, Ankara , Turkey
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Suzen S, Cihaner SS, Coban T. Synthesis and comparison of antioxidant properties of indole-based melatonin analogue indole amino Acid derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 79:76-83. [PMID: 21883955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of reactive oxygen species attributed to oxidative stress have been found to be responsible for the development of some vital diseases such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. Recently, it was observed that melatonin is a highly important antioxidant, and melatonin analogues are under investigation to find out improved antioxidant activity. In this study, 14 melatonin -based analogue indole amino acid and N-protected amino acid derivatives were synthesized and elucidated spectrometrically. To investigate the antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds and to compare with melatonin, butylhydroxytoluene and vitamin E, lipid peroxidation inhibition and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activities were tested. The results indicated that the synthesized new indole amino acid derivatives have similar activities to melatonin in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity assay but more potent activities in lipid peroxidation inhibition assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Suzen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ankara University, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey.
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Yılmaz AD, Coban T, Suzen S. Synthesis and antioxidant activity evaluations of melatonin-based analogue indole-hydrazide/hydrazone derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 27:428-36. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.594048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Didem Yılmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University
06100 Tandogan, Ankara Turkey
| | - Tulay Coban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University
06100 Tandogan, Ankara Turkey
| | - Sibel Suzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University
06100 Tandogan, Ankara Turkey
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Karaaslan C, Suzen S. Electrochemical Behavior of Biologically Important Indole Derivatives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.4061/2011/154804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltammetric techniques are most suitable to investigate the redox properties of a new drug. Use of electrochemistry is an important approach in drug discovery and research as well as quality control, drug stability, and determination of physiological activity. The indole nucleus is an essential element of a number of natural and synthetic products with significant biological activity. Indole derivatives are the well-known electroactive compounds that are readily oxidized at carbon-based electrodes, and thus analytical procedures, such as electrochemical detection and voltammetry, have been developed for the determination of biologically important indoles. This paper explains some of the relevant and recent achievements in the electrochemistry processes and parameters mainly related to biologically important indole derivatives in view of drug discovery and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Karaaslan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandogan 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Suzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandogan 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Estevão MS, Carvalho LC, Ferreira LM, Fernandes E, Marques MMB. Analysis of the antioxidant activity of an indole library: cyclic voltammetry versus ROS scavenging activity. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.10.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Shirinzadeh H, Eren B, Gurer-Orhan H, Suzen S, Özden S. Novel indole-based analogs of melatonin: synthesis and in vitro antioxidant activity studies. Molecules 2010; 15:2187-202. [PMID: 20428037 PMCID: PMC6257329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15042187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to synthesize and examine possible in vitro antioxidant effects of indole-based melatonin analogue compounds. As a part of our ongoing study nineteen indole hydrazide/hydrazone derivatives were synthesized, characterized and their in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated by three different assays: by evaluating their reducing effect against oxidation of a redox sensitive fluorescent probe, by examining their protective effect against H2O2-induced membrane lipid peroxidation and by determining their inhibitory effect on AAPH–induced hemolysis of human erythrocytes. The results indicated significant strong antioxidant activity for most of the compounds, when compared to melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Shirinzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Eren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hande Gurer-Orhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sibel Suzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +90 312 2033074; Fax: +90 312 2131081
| | - Seçkin Özden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
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Gürkök G, Coban T, Suzen S. Melatonin analogue new indole hydrazide/hydrazone derivatives with antioxidant behavior: Synthesis and structure–activity relationships. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 24:506-15. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360802218516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gökce Gürkök
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tulay Coban
- 2Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Suzen
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
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Suzen S, Bozkaya P, Coban T, Nebioğu D. Investigation of the in vitro antioxidant behaviour of some 2-phenylindole derivatives: discussion on possible antioxidant mechanisms and comparison with melatonin. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2007; 21:405-11. [PMID: 17059173 DOI: 10.1080/14756360500381210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the development of many neurodegenerative diseases and also responsible from aging and some cancer types. Indolic compounds are a broad family of substances present in microorganisms, plants and animals. They are mainly related to tryptophan metabolism, and present particular properties that depend on their respective chemical structures. Due to free radical scavenger and antioxidant properties of indolic derivatives such as indolinic nitroxides and melatonin, a series of 2-phenyl indole derivatives were prepared and their in vitro effects on rat liver lipid peroxidation levels, superoxide formation and DPPH stable radical scavenging activities were determined against melatonin, BHT and alpha-tocopherol. The compounds significantly inhibited (72-98%) lipid peroxidation at 10(-3) M. These values were similar to that observed with BHT (88%). Possible structure-activity relationships of the compounds were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Suzen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
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Dogan B, Ozkan S. Electrochemical Behavior of Carvedilol and Its Adsorptive Stripping Determination in Dosage Forms and Biological Fluids. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dogan B, Uslu B, Suzen S, Ozkan S. Electrochemical Evaluation of Nucleoside Analogue Lamivudine in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Human Serum. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Süzen S, Tolga Demírcígíl B, Buyukbingol E, Özkan SA. Electroanalytical evaluation and determination of 5-(3′-indolyl)-2-thiohydantoin derivatives by voltammetric studies: possible relevance to in vitro metabolism. NEW J CHEM 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b300160c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Uslu B, Özkan SA, Aboul-Enein HY. SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MELATONIN AND PYRIDOXINE HCL IN BINARY MIXTURE USING FIRST DERIVATIVE OF THE RATIO SPECTRA METHOD. ANAL LETT 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120016104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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