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Bastos IM, Rebelo S, Silva VLM. A comprehensive review on phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and its inhibitors bearing pyrazole or indazole core for cancer therapy. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 398:111073. [PMID: 38823538 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex and multifaceted group of diseases with a high mortality rate characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells. Dysregulation of normal signalling pathways in cancer contributes to the different hallmarks of this disease. The signalling pathway of which phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a part is not an exception. In fact, dysregulated activation of PI3K signalling pathways can result in unbridled cellular proliferation and enhanced cell survival, thereby fostering the onset and advancement of cancer. Therefore, there is substantial interest in developing targeted therapies specifically aimed at inhibiting the PI3K enzyme and its associated pathways. Also, the therapeutic interest on pyrazoles and indazoles has been growing due to their various medicinal properties, namely, anticancer activity. Derivatives of these compounds have been studied as PI3K inhibitors, and they showed promising results. There are already some PI3K inhibitors approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA), such as Idelalisib (Zydelig®) and Alpelisib (Piqray®). In this context, this review aims to address the importance of PI3K in cellular processes and its role in cancer. Additionally, it aims to report a comprehensive literature review of PI3K inhibitors, containing the pyrazole and indazole scaffolds, published in the last fifteen years, focusing on structure-activity relationship aspects, thus providing important insights for the design of novel and more effective PI3K inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M Bastos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera L M Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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2
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Bastos IM, Rebelo S, Silva VLM. A review of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP1) role and its inhibitors bearing pyrazole or indazole core for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116045. [PMID: 38336156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease with a high mortality rate characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells. The hallmarks of cancer evidence the acquired cells characteristics that promote the growth of malignant tumours, including genomic instability and mutations, the ability to evade cellular death and the capacity of sustaining proliferative signalization. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) is a protein that plays key roles in cellular regulation, namely in DNA damage repair and cell survival. The inhibition of PARP1 promotes cellular death in cells with homologous recombination deficiency, and therefore, the interest in PARP protein has been rising as a target for anticancer therapies. There are already some PARP1 inhibitors approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA), such as Olaparib and Niraparib. The last compound presents in its structure an indazole core. In fact, pyrazoles and indazoles have been raising interest due to their various medicinal properties, namely, anticancer activity. Derivatives of these compounds have been studied as inhibitors of PARP1 and presented promising results. Therefore, this review aims to address the importance of PARP1 in cell regulation and its role in cancer. Moreover, it intends to report a comprehensive literature review of PARP1 inhibitors, containing the pyrazole and indazole scaffolds, published in the last fifteen years, focusing on structure-activity relationship aspects, thus providing important insights for the design of novel and more effective PARP1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M Bastos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera L M Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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3
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Mazzeo F, Meccariello R, Guatteo E. Molecular and Epigenetic Aspects of Opioid Receptors in Drug Addiction and Pain Management in Sport. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097831. [PMID: 37175536 PMCID: PMC10178540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids are substances derived from opium (natural opioids). In its raw state, opium is a gummy latex extracted from Papaver somniferum. The use of opioids and their negative health consequences among people who use drugs have been studied. Today, opioids are still the most commonly used and effective analgesic treatments for severe pain, but their use and abuse causes detrimental side effects for health, including addiction, thus impacting the user's quality of life and causing overdose. The mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic circuitry represents the brain circuit mediating both natural rewards and the rewarding aspects of nearly all drugs of abuse, including opioids. Hence, understanding how opioids affect the function of dopaminergic circuitry may be useful for better knowledge of the process and to develop effective therapeutic strategies in addiction. The aim of this review was to summarize the main features of opioids and opioid receptors and focus on the molecular and upcoming epigenetic mechanisms leading to opioid addiction. Since synthetic opioids can be effective for pain management, their ability to induce addiction in athletes, with the risk of incurring doping, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Mazzeo
- Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity and Sports Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meccariello
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Ezia Guatteo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
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Sharma S, Dubey G, Singh Sran B, Sharma M, Kaur V, Kaur S, Bharatam PV, Hundal G. Microwave‐Induced Synthesis of Pyridine Based Schiff Bases and Their Applications as Efficient Antimicrobial Textile Dyeing Agents: Experimental and Theoretical Approach. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanyog Sharma
- Department of Chemistry UGC Sponsored-Centre for Advanced Studies-II Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar 143005 Punjab India
| | - Gurudutt Dubey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar Punjab 160062 India
| | - Balkaran Singh Sran
- Department of Chemistry UGC Sponsored-Centre for Advanced Studies-II Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar 143005 Punjab India
| | - Mansi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry UGC Sponsored-Centre for Advanced Studies-II Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar 143005 Punjab India
| | - Varinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry UGC Sponsored-Centre for Advanced Studies-II Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar 143005 Punjab India
| | - Sukhraj Kaur
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar Punjab 160062 India
| | - Prasad V. Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar Punjab 160062 India
| | - Geeta Hundal
- Department of Chemistry UGC Sponsored-Centre for Advanced Studies-II Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar 143005 Punjab India
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5
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Mal S, Malik U, Mahapatra M, Mishra A, Pal D, Paidesetty SK. A review on synthetic strategy, molecular pharmacology of indazole derivatives, and their future perspective. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1469-1504. [PMID: 35971890 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
With different nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moieties, Indazoles earn one of the places among the top investigated molecules in medicinal research. Indazole, an important fused aromatic heterocyclic system containing benzene and pyrazole ring with a chemical formula of C7 H6 N2 , is also called benzopyrazole. Indazoles consist of three tautomeric forms in which 1H-tautomers (indazoles) and 2H-tautomers (isoindazoles) exist in all phases. The tautomerism in indazoles greatly influences synthesis, reactivity, physical and even the biological properties of indazoles. The thermodynamic internal energy calculation of these tautomers points view 1H-indazole as the predominant and stable form over 2H-indazole. The natural source of indazole is limited and exists in alkaloidal nature (i.e., nigellidine, nigeglanine, nigellicine, etc.) found from Nigella plants. Some of the FDA-approved drugs like Axitinib, Entrectinib, Niraparib, Benzydamine, and Granisetron are being used to treat renal cell cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), epithelial ovarian cancer, chronic inflammation, chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, and many more uses. Besides all these advantages regarding its biological activity, the main issue about indazoles is the less abundance in plant sources, and their synthetic derivatives also often face problems with low yield. In this review article, we discuss its chemistry, tautomerism along with their effects, different schematics for the synthesis of indazole derivatives, and their different biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvadeep Mal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Udita Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Monalisa Mahapatra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Dilipkumar Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sudhir K Paidesetty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Aljaar N, Al-Noaimi M, Conrad J, Beifuss U. Direct Formation of 2-Substituted 2 H-Indazoles by a Pd-Catalyzed Reaction between 2-Halobenzyl Halides and Arylhydrazines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1408-1418. [PMID: 33306383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A direct and operationally simple method for the regioselective synthesis of 2-aryl-substituted 2H-indazoles is reported. The Pd-catalyzed reaction between easily available 2-bromobenzyl bromides and arylhydrazines employing Cs2CO3 as the base and t-Bu3PHBF4 as the ligand in DMSO at 120 °C in a sealed tube delivers the 2-substituted-2H-indazoles in a single synthetic step with yields up to 79%. The new method is based on a regioselective intermolecular N-benzylation followed by intramolecular N-arylation and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayyef Aljaar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Mousa Al-Noaimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Jürgen Conrad
- Bioorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, Stuttgart D-70599, Germany
| | - Uwe Beifuss
- Bioorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, Stuttgart D-70599, Germany
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7
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Mazzeo F. Attitude and practice of substance misuse and dietary supplements to improve performance in sport. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2019.1642410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Mazzeo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
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Raj ASK, Liu RS. Gold-Catalyzed Bicyclic Annulations of 2-Alkynylbenzaldehydes with Vinyldiazo Carbonyls that Serve as Five-atom Building Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10980-10984. [PMID: 31132199 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This work reports gold-catalyzed bicyclic annulations of 2-alkynyl-1-carbonylbenzenes with vinyldiazo ketones that serve as five-atom building units. The importance of these reactions is to access 4,5-dihydro-benzo[g]indazoles, which form the structural cores of various bioactive molecules. According to our mechanistic analysis, we postulate initial [5+4]-cycloadditions between benzopyrilium intermediates and vinyldiazo ketones, followed by 6-π-electrocyclizations to achieve the excellent stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Sekar Kulandai Raj
- Frontier Research Center for Fundamental and Applied Science of Matters, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rai-Shung Liu
- Frontier Research Center for Fundamental and Applied Science of Matters, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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Raj ASK, Liu R. Gold‐Catalyzed Bicyclic Annulations of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldehydes with Vinyldiazo Carbonyls that Serve as Five‐atom Building Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Sekar Kulandai Raj
- Frontier Research Center for Fundamental and Applied Science of MattersDepartment of ChemistryNational Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rai‐Shung Liu
- Frontier Research Center for Fundamental and Applied Science of MattersDepartment of ChemistryNational Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan, ROC
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A new 2H-benzindazole compound from Alternaria alternata Shm-1, an endophytic fungus isolated from the fresh wild fruit of Phellinus igniarius. J Nat Med 2019; 73:620-626. [PMID: 30868543 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi have been shown in recent years to produce a series of bioactive secondary metabolites. Several endophytic fungi were isolated from the fresh wild body of Phellinus igniarius, and initially evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Among which, Shm-1 extract showed moderate inhibitory activity against Clavibacter michiganense and the fungus was identified to be Alternaria alternata Shm-1 through the comparison of morphological characteristics and the sequence of the rDNA ITS with those of other Alternaria species. A new 2H-benzindazole derivative, alterindazolin A (1), has been isolated from cultures of the endophyte Alternaria alternata Shm-1. Its structure was characterized as 1-benzyl-5-p-hydroxy-phenyloxygen-benz[e]indazole by spectroscopic data analysis including 1D NMR, 2D NMR and MS spectrum.
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11
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Indazoles: Synthesis and Bond-Forming Heterocyclization. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Thaslim Basha SK, Subba Rao D, Madhava G, Basha ST, Devamma MN, Saddala MS, Asupatri UR, Raju CN. N-Phosphorylated Derivatives of 5-Nitroindazole as Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Agents and Docking Study Against DNA Gyrasea. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2014.965818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Thaslim Basha
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Devineni Subba Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Golla Madhava
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shaik Thahir Basha
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Madhu Sudhana Saddala
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Usha Rani Asupatri
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Chamarthi Naga Raju
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Kundu A, Mukherjee S, Pramanik A. Synthesis of a new class of pyrazole embedded spirocyclic scaffolds using magnetically separable Fe3O4@SiO2–SO3H nanoparticles as recyclable solid acid support. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23599e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A green methodology for the synthesis of a new class of pyrazole embedded spirocyclic scaffolds has been developed using Fe3O4@SiO2–SO3H magnetic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis Kundu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700 009
- India
| | - Sayan Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700 009
- India
| | - Animesh Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700 009
- India
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Gupta N, Pathak DP. Synthesis and Evaluation of N-substituted Imidazole Derivatives for Antimicrobial Activity. Indian J Pharm Sci 2012; 73:674-8. [PMID: 23112404 PMCID: PMC3480755 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of N-substituted imidazole derivatives was synthesized. Imidazole nucleus was reacted with ethylchloroacetate to form imidazole ester. Reaction of the imidazole ester (I) with different amines yields the desired products (1a- 1e). The compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and mass spectra. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger by determination of MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) using tube dilution method. Compound (1b) was found to be the most active antimicrobial compound amongst others in the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Sector-3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi-110 017, India
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Brullo C, Rocca M, Fossa P, Cichero E, Barocelli E, Ballabeni V, Flammini L, Giorgio C, Saccani F, Domenichini G, Bruno O. Synthesis of new 5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazoline 2,4-diamino substituted and antiplatelet/antiphlogistic activities evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1125-9. [PMID: 22189137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In pursuing our research on some 2,4-diamino-benzopyranopyrimidines and 2-amino-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolines, previously reported as antiplatelet and analgesic/anti-inflammatory agents respectively, we designed and synthesized a new series of 5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazoline 2,4-diamino substituted. The insertion of amino substituents at positions 2 and 4 of the benzoquinazoline scaffold resulted in compounds endowed with a potent ASA-like antiplatelet activity, combined with an anti-inflammatory activity comparable, in some cases, to that of indomethacin, used as a reference drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Brullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV, 3-16132 Genova, Italy
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Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of new 4,6-diaryl- 4,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2H-indazoles. J Heterocycl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Silva VLM, Silva AMS, Pinto DCGA, Elguero J, Cavaleiro JAS. Synthesis of New 1H-Indazoles through Diels-Alder Transformations of 4-Styrylpyrazoles under Microwave Irradiation Conditions. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Sivaprasad G, Sridhar R, Perumal PT. Selective synthesis of some 4,5-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]indazoles and 8,9-dihydro-2H-benzo[e]indazoles via the vilsmeier-haack reaction under thermal and microwave assisted conditions. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570430219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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El-Hawash SAM, Badawey ESAM, El-Ashmawey IM. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents-part 2 antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity of some substituted 3-pyrazolin-5-ones and 1,2,4,5,6,7-3H-hexahydroindazol-3-ones. Eur J Med Chem 2005; 41:155-65. [PMID: 16375992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2004] [Revised: 08/16/2005] [Accepted: 09/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As a part of a research project on the synthesis of a number of substituted 1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-3-pyrazolin-5-ones and 2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydroindazol-3-ones and as a result of the interesting antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities recorded for some of these compounds, some new 3-pyrazolin-5-ones and hexahydroindazol-3-ones linked to substituted imidazolyl, pyrimidyl and tetrahydroquinazolinyl moieties were prepared and evaluated for such activity (). A structure-activity relationship (SAR) comparative study indicated that some compounds from 3-pyrazolin-5-one (2, 6-8, 10) and indazolone (18, 20, 24, 27, 29) series exhibited pronounced antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities relative to indomethacin. Most of these compounds were found to be nearly equipotent in the antiinflammatory screen (ED(50)=16.8-19.9 mg/kg) whereas the lead compound, 2-indazolyl-4-pyrimidineacetic acid 24 (), was found to be the most potent among this series (ED(50)=9.9 mg/kg). Additionally, the most active compounds were shown to have a large safety margin (ALD(50)=3.0 g/kg, po) and devoid of ulcerogenic potentialities when administered orally at a dose of 300 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad A M El-Hawash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
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