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Qin N, Zhou Z, Zhao W, Zou K, Shi W, Yu C, Liu X, Dong Z, Mao Y, Liu X, Sheng J, Ding G, Wu Y, Huang H. Abnormal Glucose Metabolism in Male Mice Offspring Conceived by in vitro Fertilization and Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:637781. [PMID: 33634140 PMCID: PMC7900417 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.637781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Frozen and thawed embryo transfer (FET) is currently widely applied in routine assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedure. It is of great necessity to assess the safety of FET and investigate the long-term effect including glucose metabolism on FET-conceived offspring. The mouse model is a highly efficient method to figure out the relationship between the process of FET and offspring health. In this study, we obtained mouse offspring of natural conception (NC), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and FET. Glucose and insulin tolerance test (GTT/ITT) were performed on both chow fed or high fat diet (HFD) fed offspring to examine the glucose metabolism status. We detected hepatic PI3K/AKT pathway by western blotting and transcriptome status by RNA-sequencing. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and decreased insulin tolerance were occurred in FET conceived male offspring. After challenged with the HFD-fed, male offspring in FET group performed earlier and severer IGT than IVF group. Furthermore, higher HOMA-IR index and higher serum insulin level post glucose injected in FET-chow group suggested the insulin resistance status. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, the major pathway of insulin in the liver, were also disrupted in FET group. Transcriptomics of the liver reveals significantly downregulated in glucose metabolic process and insulin resistance in the FET-chow group. In our study, FET-conceived male mouse offspring presented glucose metabolism dysfunction mainly manifesting insulin resistance. The hepatic insulin signaling pathway were in concordance with reduced glycogen synthesis, increased glycolysis and enhanced gluconeogenesis status in FET-conceived male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxin Qin
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyang Zhou
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlong Zhao
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexin Zou
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihui Shi
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanjin Yu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Liu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehan Dong
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Mao
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhong Sheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guolian Ding
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanting Wu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Ginström Ernstad E, Spangmose AL, Opdahl S, Henningsen AKA, Romundstad LB, Tiitinen A, Gissler M, Wennerholm UB, Pinborg A, Bergh C, Malchau SS. Perinatal and maternal outcome after vitrification of blastocysts: a Nordic study in singletons from the CoNARTaS group. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:2282-2289. [PMID: 31687765 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is transfer of vitrified blastocysts associated with higher perinatal and maternal risks compared with slow-frozen cleavage stage embryos and fresh blastocysts? SUMMARY ANSWER Transfer of vitrified blastocysts is associated with a higher risk of preterm birth (PTB) when compared with slow-frozen cleavage stage embryos and with a higher risk of a large baby, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDPs) and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) but a lower risk of placenta previa when compared with fresh blastocysts. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Transfer of frozen-thawed embryos (FETs) plays a central role in modern fertility treatment, limiting the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and multiple pregnancies. Following FET, several studies report a lower risk of PTB, low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) yet a higher risk of fetal macrosomia and large for gestational age (LGA) compared with fresh embryos. In recent years, the introduction of new freezing techniques has increased treatment success. The slow-freeze technique combined with cleavage stage transfer has been replaced by vitrification and blastocyst transfer. Only few studies have compared perinatal and maternal outcomes after vitrification and slow-freeze and mainly in cleavage stage embryos, with most studies indicating similar outcomes in the two groups. Studies on perinatal and maternal outcomes following vitrified blastocysts are limited. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This registry-based cohort study includes singletons born after frozen-thawed and fresh transfers following the introduction of vitrification in Sweden and Denmark, in 2002 and 2009, respectively. The study includes 3650 children born after transfer of vitrified blastocysts, 8123 children born after transfer of slow-frozen cleavage stage embryos and 4469 children born after transfer of fresh blastocysts during 2002-2015. Perinatal and maternal outcomes in singletons born after vitrified blastocyst transfer were compared with singletons born after slow-frozen cleavage stage transfer and singletons born after fresh blastocyst transfer. Main outcomes included PTB, LBW, macrosomia, HDP and placenta previa. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Data were obtained from the CoNARTaS (Committee of Nordic ART and Safety) group. Based on national registries in Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Norway, the CoNARTaS cohort includes all children born after ART treatment in public and private clinics 1984-2015. Outcomes were assessed with logistic multivariable regression analysis, adjusting for the country and year of birth, maternal age, body mass index, parity, smoking, parental educational level, fertilisation method (IVF/ICSI), single embryo transfer, number of gestational sacs and the child's sex. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A higher risk of PTB (<37 weeks) was noted in the vitrified blastocyst group compared with the slow-frozen cleavage stage group (adjusted odds ratio, aOR [95% CI], 1.33 [1.09-1.62]). No significant differences were observed for LBW (<2500 g), SGA, macrosomia (≥4500 g) and LGA when comparing the vitrified blastocyst with the slow-frozen cleavage stage group. For maternal outcomes, no significant difference was seen in the risk of HDP, placenta previa, placental abruption and PPH in the vitrified blastocyst versus the slow frozen cleavage stage group, although the precision was limited.When comparing vitrified and fresh blastocysts, we found higher risks of macrosomia (≥4500 g) aOR 1.77 [1.35-2.31] and LGA aOR 1.48 [1.18-1.84]. Further, the risks of HDP aOR 1.47 [1.19-1.81] and PPH aOR 1.68 [1.39-2.03] were higher in singletons born after vitrified compared with fresh blastocyst transfer while the risks of SGA aOR 0.58 [0.44-0.78] and placenta previa aOR 0.35 [0.25-0.48] were lower. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Since vitrification was introduced simultaneously with blastocyst transfer in Sweden and Denmark, it was not possible to explore the effect of vitrification per se in this study. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results from the change of strategy to vitrification of blastocysts are reassuring, indicating that the freezing technique per se has no major influence on the perinatal and maternal outcomes. The higher risk of PTB may be related to the extended embryo culture rather than vitrification. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study is part of the ReproUnion Collaborative study, co-financed by the European Union, Interreg V ÖKS. The study was also financed by grants from the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF agreement (LUA/ALF 70940), Hjalmar Svensson Research Foundation and NordForsk (project 71 450). There are no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN11780826.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Ginström Ernstad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, East Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne Lærke Spangmose
- The Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe Opdahl
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Liv Bente Romundstad
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aila Tiitinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- THL, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla-Britt Wennerholm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, East Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anja Pinborg
- The Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Bergh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Reproductive Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Sofia Malchau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, East Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Smith GD, Takayama S. Cryopreservation and microfluidics: a focus on the oocyte. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:93-104. [DOI: 10.1071/rd18326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of gametes and embryos has played a critical role in successful assisted reproductive technologies in rodents, domestic farm species, endangered species and humans. With improved success, and changing needs, the utility of gamete or embryo cryopreservation has escalated. In this review we address some of the foundational history of mammalian cryobiology, species-specific utilities, fundamental understandings of cryoprotectant agents and their use in slow-rate freezing and vitrification, and expand on the recent success and uses of oocyte vitrification and warming. In the area of female gamete cryopreservation, emphasis will be placed on not just cell survival, but also perceived and measured affects of cryopreservation on intracellular structures and functions that affect subsequent completion of meiosis with chromatin segregation fidelity, normal fertilisation and embryonic developmental competence. We compare and contrast data from cow, mouse and humans with a focus on using species-comparative developmental biology to guide future studies for improving methodologies for all species. The application of the relatively new technology microfluidics is discussed in relation to moving gradually (i.e. changing the solution over cells in an automated fashion) compared with the stepwise manual movement of cells through changing solution currently used. This use of microfluidics to change the way cells are exposed to cryoprotectant agents can provide new insights into the effects of osmotic stress and cellular strain rates previously unappreciated, precise methods of computational and biological data acquisition and appreciation of morphometric changes to cellular structure in response to different osmotic stresses and strain rates achieved with varying cryoprotectant exposures. Collectively, these devices and methodologies provide a means of achieving incremental improvement of oocyte and zygote cryopreservation with normalised and improved developmental competence. Finally, we look to the past and the future to acknowledge the accomplishment of leaders in the field of mammalian gamete and embryo cryobiology, their inspirational works, their tireless dissemination of information and the potential of new technologies in bioengineering to improve the efficiency and safety of gamete and embryo cryopreservation.
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Chapter 9 Slow Freezing and Thawing of Human Cleavage Stage Embryos. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28421493 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6828-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The ability to store human embryos in a viable state at very low temperatures has been critical to the evolution of responsible practice in clinical Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). It has encouraged a reduction in the frequency of simultaneous multiple embryo transfer and thereby reduced the risks associated with multiple pregnancy while maintaining high cumulative pregnancy rates from single oocyte collection cycles. In this chapter, we describe a simple slow freezing procedure for human early cleavage stage embryos that results in a high proportion of post-thaw embryos surviving and retaining their implantation potential.
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Rienzi L, Gracia C, Maggiulli R, LaBarbera AR, Kaser DJ, Ubaldi FM, Vanderpoel S, Racowsky C. Oocyte, embryo and blastocyst cryopreservation in ART: systematic review and meta-analysis comparing slow-freezing versus vitrification to produce evidence for the development of global guidance. Hum Reprod Update 2017; 23:139-155. [PMID: 27827818 PMCID: PMC5850862 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos is essential not only to maximize the safety and efficacy of ovarian stimulation cycles in an IVF treatment, but also to enable fertility preservation. Two cryopreservation methods are routinely used: slow-freezing or vitrification. Slow-freezing allows for freezing to occur at a sufficiently slow rate to permit adequate cellular dehydration while minimizing intracellular ice formation. Vitrification allows the solidification of the cell(s) and of the extracellular milieu into a glass-like state without the formation of ice. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The objective of our study was to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes following slow-freezing/thawing versus vitrification/warming of oocytes and embryos and to inform the development of World Health Organization guidance on the most effective cryopreservation method. SEARCH METHODS A Medline search was performed from 1966 to 1 August 2016 using the following search terms: (Oocyte(s) [tiab] OR (Pronuclear[tiab] OR Embryo[tiab] OR Blastocyst[tiab]) AND (vitrification[tiab] OR freezing[tiab] OR freeze[tiab]) AND (pregnancy[tiab] OR birth[tiab] OR clinical[tiab]). Queries were limited to those involving humans. RCTs and cohort studies that were published in full-length were considered eligible. Each reference was reviewed for relevance and only primary evidence and relevant articles from the bibliographies of included articles were considered. References were included if they reported cryosurvival rate, clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), live-birth rate (LBR) or delivery rate for slow-frozen or vitrified human oocytes or embryos. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model to calculate relative risk ratios (RR) and 95% CI. OUTCOMES One RCT study comparing slow-freezing versus vitrification of oocytes was included. Vitrification was associated with increased ongoing CPR per cycle (RR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.05-7.51; P = 0.039; 48 and 30 cycles, respectively, per transfer (RR = 1.81, 95% CI 0.71-4.67; P = 0.214; 47 and 19 transfers) and per warmed/thawed oocyte (RR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.28; P = 0.018; 260 and 238 oocytes). One RCT comparing vitrification versus fresh oocytes was analysed. In vitrification and fresh cycles, respectively, no evidence for a difference in ongoing CPR per randomized woman (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.87-1.21; P = 0.744, 300 women in each group), per cycle (RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.86-1.18; P = 0.934; 267 versus 259 cycles) and per oocyte utilized (RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.82-1.26; P = 0.873; 3286 versus 3185 oocytes) was reported. Findings were consistent with relevant cohort studies. Of the seven RCTs on embryo cryopreservation identified, three met the inclusion criteria (638 warming/thawing cycles at cleavage and blastocyst stage), none of which involved pronuclear-stage embryos. A higher CPR per cycle was noted with embryo vitrification compared with slow-freezing, though this was of borderline statistical significance (RR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.00-3.59; P = 0.051; three RCTs; I2 = 71.9%). LBR per cycle was reported by one RCT performed with cleavage-stage embryos and was higher for vitrification (RR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.17-4.44; P = 0.016; 216 cycles; one RCT). A secondary analysis was performed focusing on embryo cryosurvival rate. Pooled data from seven RCTs (3615 embryos) revealed a significant improvement in embryo cryosurvival following vitrification as compared with slow-freezing (RR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.30-1.93; P < 0.001; I2 = 93%). WIDER IMPLICATIONS Data from available RCTs suggest that vitrification/warming is superior to slow-freezing/thawing with regard to clinical outcomes (low quality of the evidence) and cryosurvival rates (moderate quality of the evidence) for oocytes, cleavage-stage embryos and blastocysts. The results were confirmed by cohort studies. The improvements obtained with the introduction of vitrification have several important clinical implications in ART. Based on this evidence, in particular regarding cryosurvival rates, laboratories that continue to use slow-freezing should consider transitioning to the use of vitrification for cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rienzi
- GENERA Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Clinica Valle Giulia, via de Notaris 2b, Rome, Italy
| | - Clarisa Gracia
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roberta Maggiulli
- GENERA Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Clinica Valle Giulia, via de Notaris 2b, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniel J. Kaser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Filippo M. Ubaldi
- GENERA Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Clinica Valle Giulia, via de Notaris 2b, Rome, Italy
| | - Sheryl Vanderpoel
- HRP (the UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction), Geneva, Switzerland(at the time of the study)
- Population Council, Reproductive Health Programme, New York, USA
| | - Catherine Racowsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Beilby K, Quinn P. Appendix F: Quinn's Advantage Embryo Freeze Kit. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1568:343-354. [PMID: 28421510 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6828-2_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a large focus on the use of vitrification to cryopreserve embryos in recent years, there are still arguments for the use of slow freezing for the cleavage-stage embryo. Having said this, there are lessons to be learned from the process of vitrification that could be applied to slow freezing to improve post-thaw survival and ultimately clinical pregnancy rates. Specifically, increasing the concentration of sucrose in the freezing solution from 0.1 to 0.2 M and subsequently increasing the sucrose concentrations in thawing solutions could prove beneficial. The use of vitrification warming solutions in the thawing of slow-frozen embryos may also be an option that not only improves survival but also streamlines product purchasing and protocols within the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiri Beilby
- Monash University, 3168, VIC, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Patrick Quinn
- Quinn's IVF Consulting, 3700 S Ironwood Dr. Lot 139, Apache Junction, AZ, 85120, USA
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Fang L, Jin L, Li E, Cui L, Ye Y. Clinical evaluation of two formulations of slow-freezing solutions for cleavage stage embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:1389-1393. [PMID: 27465302 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to investigate if improved survival rates could be achieved using a new formulation of solutions for slow freezing of human cleavage stage embryos. METHODS The evaluation was divided into two parts. The first part was a retrospective analysis of results obtained after freezing and thawing of day 3 embryos from 400 women using an old formulation of cryopreservation solutions compared to results from 108 women for which cryopreservation had been performed using new compositions of solutions. The second part was prospective, adding cycles until similar numbers of patients had been included in both groups. In total, 2274 embryos from 897 patients were thawed using the old formulation of solutions while 1273 embryos from 542 patients were frozen and thawed using the new solutions. The primary endpoint was survival rate. RESULTS With the new solutions, the survival rate increased from 82.1 to 94.4 % and the complete embryo survival rate increased from 54.9 to 81.3 %. The implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer, and per cycle were 28.2, 45.2, and 43.7 %, respectively, using the old formulations of cryosolutions. With the new solutions, the results reached 33.7, 54.1, and 54.1 %, respectively. All differences in results were statistically significant. The number of cancelled embryo transfers due to no survived embryos was 18 with the old solutions and 0 using the new solutions. CONCLUSION With the new composition of solutions for slow freezing and thawing of embryos, significantly improved results were obtained. Additionally, the number of cancelled embryo transfers was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enshu Li
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long Cui
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Ye
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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White CR, Denomme MM, Tekpetey FR, Feyles V, Power SGA, Mann MRW. High Frequency of Imprinted Methylation Errors in Human Preimplantation Embryos. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17311. [PMID: 26626153 PMCID: PMC4667293 DOI: 10.1038/srep17311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) represent the best chance for infertile couples to conceive, although increased risks for morbidities exist, including imprinting disorders. This increased risk could arise from ARTs disrupting genomic imprints during gametogenesis or preimplantation. The few studies examining ART effects on genomic imprinting primarily assessed poor quality human embryos. Here, we examined day 3 and blastocyst stage, good to high quality, donated human embryos for imprinted SNRPN, KCNQ1OT1 and H19 methylation. Seventy-six percent day 3 embryos and 50% blastocysts exhibited perturbed imprinted methylation, demonstrating that extended culture did not pose greater risk for imprinting errors than short culture. Comparison of embryos with normal and abnormal methylation didn’t reveal any confounding factors. Notably, two embryos from male factor infertility patients using donor sperm harboured aberrant methylation, suggesting errors in these embryos cannot be explained by infertility alone. Overall, these results indicate that ART human preimplantation embryos possess a high frequency of imprinted methylation errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlee R White
- Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle M Denomme
- Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francis R Tekpetey
- Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada.,The Fertility Clinic, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valter Feyles
- Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada.,The Fertility Clinic, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen G A Power
- Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada.,The Fertility Clinic, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mellissa R W Mann
- Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Munch EM, Sparks AE, Duran HE, Van Voorhis BJ. Lack of carbon air filtration impacts early embryo development. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 32:1009-17. [PMID: 26003657 PMCID: PMC4531868 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess human fertilization and preimplantation embryo development in the presence and in the absence of carbon filtration METHODS This is a retrospective cohort analysis of fresh, controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycles as well as previously cryopreserved pronuclear stage embryo transfer cycles in a single IVF center. Embryo development and cycle-based outcomes were compared among three groups: 1) when carbon filtration was present, 2) when carbon filtration was absent, and 3) when carbon filtration had been restored. RESULTS A total of 524 fresh cycles and 156 cryopreserved embryo cycles were analyzed. Fertilization, cleavage, and blastocyst conversion rates for fresh cycles all declined during the period of absent carbon filtration and recovered after the restoration of carbon filtration. Cryopreserved embryos that were thawed and cultured during the period of absent filtration did not have changes in cleavage or blastocyst conversion rates compared to periods where carbon filtration was present. Clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were unchanged among the three time periods. CONCLUSIONS The absence of carbon filtration in an IVF laboratory air handler is associated with poor fertilization and early embryo development for fresh cycles. Because development of previously frozen pronuclear stage embryos was unaffected, the lack of carbon filtration may preferentially affect embryos in the peri-fertilization period. Carbon filtration is an integral part to a successful human in-vitro fertilization laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M. Munch
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Amy E. Sparks
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Hakan E. Duran
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Bradley J. Van Voorhis
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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10
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Cardozo ER, Thomson AP, Karmon AE, Dickinson KA, Wright DL, Sabatini ME. Ovarian stimulation and in-vitro fertilization outcomes of cancer patients undergoing fertility preservation compared to age matched controls: a 17-year experience. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 32:587-96. [PMID: 25595540 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the in-vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes of cancer patients who underwent oocyte retrieval and embryo/oocyte cryopreservation prior to gonadotoxic therapy to those of age and time-matched controls with tubal factor infertility. METHODS All cancer patients who underwent embryo/oocyte cryopreservation at our institution from 1997 to 2014 were reviewed. Primary outcomes were total dose of gonadotropins used, number of oocytes retrieved, and number of 2pn embryos obtained. Outcomes were compared to age-matched controls with tubal-factor infertility who underwent a fresh embryo transfer within the same relative time period as the IVF cycle of the cancer patient. RESULTS Sixty-three cancer patients underwent 65 IVF cycles, and 21 returned for frozen embryo transfer. One hundred twenty-two age-matched controls underwent IVF cycles with fresh transfer, and 23 returned for frozen embryo transfer. No difference was seen between cancer patients and controls with respect to total ampules of gonadotropin used (38.0 vs. 35.6 respectively; p = 0.28), number of oocytes retrieved (12.4 vs. 10.9 respectively; p = 0.36) and number of 2pn embryos obtained (6.6 vs. 7.1 respectively; p = 0.11). Cumulative pregnancy rate per transfer for cancer patients compared to controls was 37 vs. 43 % respectively (p = 0.49) and cumulative live birth rate per transfer was 30 vs. 32 % respectively (p = 0.85). Cancer patients had a higher likelihood of live birth resulting in twins (44 vs. 14 %; p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Most IVF outcomes appear comparable for cancer patients and age-matched controls. Higher twin pregnancy rates in cancer patients may reflect lack of underlying infertility or need for cancer-specific transfer guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden R Cardozo
- Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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11
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Development of Effective Cryopreservation Method for Mammalian Embryo. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.12750/jet.2014.29.3.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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12
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Arav A. Cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos. Theriogenology 2014; 81:96-102. [PMID: 24274414 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two hundred years have passed since the first description of supercooled water by Gey-Lussac to the recently high survival rates of embryo and oocytes after vitrification. This review discusses important milestones that have made vitrification the method of choice for oocytes and embryos cryopreservation. We will go through the first cells ever to survive low temperature exposure in the beginning of the last century, the finding of glycerol in the late 1940s and the first mouse and bovine embryos freezing in the 1970s. During the 1980s, embryo vitrification began and the time since is a tribute to the development of oocytes vitrification. Standardization and an automatic vitrification procedure are currently under development. The next evolutionary step in oocyte and embryo cryopreservation will be preserving them in the dry state at room temperature, allowing home storage for future use a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arav
- FertileSafe, Shlomzion Hamalca, Tel Aviv, Israel 62266.
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13
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Rosenbluth EM, Shelton DN, Wells LM, Sparks AET, Van Voorhis BJ. Human embryos secrete microRNAs into culture media--a potential biomarker for implantation. Fertil Steril 2014; 101:1493-500. [PMID: 24786747 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether human blastocysts secrete microRNA (miRNAs) into culture media and whether these reflect embryonic ploidy status and can predict in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. DESIGN Experimental study of human embryos and IVF culture media. SETTING Academic IVF program. PATIENT(S) 91 donated, cryopreserved embryos that developed into 28 tested blastocysts, from 13 couples who had previously completed IVF cycles. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Relative miRNA expression in IVF culture media. RESULT(S) Blastocysts were assessed by chromosomal comparative genomic hybridization analysis, and the culture media from 55 single-embryo transfer cycles was tested for miRNA expression using an array-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. The expression of the identified miRNA was correlated with pregnancy outcomes. Ten miRNA were identified in the culture media; two were specific to spent media (miR-191 and miR-372), and one was only present in media before the embryos had been cultured (miR-645). MicroRNA-191 was more highly concentrated in media from aneuploid embryos, and miR-191, miR-372, and miR-645 were more highly concentrated in media from failed IVF/non-intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. Additionally, miRNA were found to be more highly concentrated in ICSI and day-5 media samples when compared with regularly inseminated and day-4 samples, respectively. CONCLUSION(S) MicroRNA can be detected in IVF culture media. Some of these miRNA are differentially expressed according to the fertilization method, chromosomal status, and pregnancy outcome, which makes them potential biomarkers for predicting IVF success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Rosenbluth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Dawne N Shelton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Lindsay M Wells
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amy E T Sparks
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Bradley J Van Voorhis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.
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14
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Larman MG, Hashimoto S, Morimoto Y, Gardner DK. Cryopreservation in ART and concerns with contamination during cryobanking. Reprod Med Biol 2014; 13:107-117. [PMID: 29662371 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-014-0176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cryopreservation of gametes and embryos is vital to numerous fields of reproductive biology, including assisted human reproduction. With improved culture conditions, there are an increasing number of embryos to cryopreserve for potential use in subsequent cycles. Many of the gametes and embryos in human IVF are cryopreserved in open systems. Because liquid nitrogen is not sterile, concerns have been raised with regard to contamination from the liquid nitrogen and also cross-contamination between patients' germplasm. Human gamete and embryo cryopreservation are discussed, with recommendations on how to minimize and eliminate contamination, emphasizing the benefits of closed vitrification devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David K Gardner
- Department of Zoology University of Melbourne 3010 Melbourne VIC Australia
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15
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Hu YJ, Chen YZ, Zhu YM, Huang HF. Letrozole stimulation in endometrial preparation for cryopreserved-thawed embryo transfer in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a pilot study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 80:283-9. [PMID: 23808904 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the efficiency of letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, in endometrial preparation for cryopreserved-thawed embryo transfer (FET) in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN Retrospective observational study. PATIENTS One hundred and twenty patients with PCOS who met the inclusion criteria for the study. MEASUREMENTS We assessed in vitro fertilization outcomes in one hundred and twenty patients with PCOS (148 cycles) who were prepared for and underwent FET between June 2011 and December 2012. Patients were prepared for FET using artificial hormone cycles induced with oestrogen and progesterone supplementation (n = 76), letrozole stimulation (n = 40) or hMG stimulation (n = 32). RESULTS There were no differences in demographic characteristics between the groups, except that the letrozole group had a higher incidence of embryo transfer failure in the past. The letrozole stimulation group had a significantly higher maximal endometrial thickness and significantly higher rates of clinical pregnancy per transfer, ongoing pregnancy per transfer and implantation, compared with the artificial and hMG stimulation groups. Differences in these parameters between the artificial and hMG stimulation groups were not significant. CONCLUSION Using letrozole stimulation in endometrial preparation for cryopreserved-thawed embryo transfer in patients with PCOS may be associated with better outcomes than using hormonal manipulation or hMG stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Hu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Son WY, Tan SL. Comparison between slow freezing and vitrification for human embryos. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 6:1-7. [DOI: 10.1586/17434440.6.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Bagchi A, Woods EJ, Critser JK. Cryopreservation and vitrification: recent advances in fertility preservation technologies. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 5:359-70. [DOI: 10.1586/17434440.5.3.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Niu Z, Chen Q, Sun Y, Feng Y. Long-term pituitary downregulation before frozen embryo transfer could improve pregnancy outcomes in women with adenomyosis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:1026-30. [PMID: 24006906 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.824960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some studies have shown that long-term gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist administration before in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm in infertile women with endometriosis or adenomyosis significantly increases the chances of pregnancy. We were interested in whether long-term GnRH agonist pretreatment could improve pregnancy outcomes in adenomyosis patients undergoing frozen embryo transfer (FET) after preparation of the endometrium with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Totally, 339 patients with adenomyosis were included in this retrospective study, 194 received long-term GnRH agonist plus HRT (down-regulation + HRT) and 145 received HRT. There were no differences between the groups in characteristic such as age, body mass index, duration or cause of infertility, serum CA-125 level and basal hormone levels. On the day of progesterone administration, mean endometrial thickness and serum progesterone level were significantly greater in HRT patients. Mean score and number of embryos transferred showed no differences. In down regulation + HRT group, clinical pregnancy, implantation and ongoing pregnancy rates were 51.35%, 32.56% and 48.91%, respectively, significantly higher than that of HRT group (24.83%, 16.07% and 21.38%, respectively). So, we concluded that in FET, long-term GnRH agonist pretreatment significantly improved pregnancy outcomes in patients with adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Niu
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , China
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19
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Liu SY, Teng B, Fu J, Li X, Zheng Y, Sun XX. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes after transfer of vitrified early cleavage embryos. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:2093-100. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Hambiliki F, Hanrieder J, Bergquist J, Hreinsson J, Stavreus-Evers A, Wånggren K. Glycoprotein 130 promotes human blastocyst development in vitro. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:1592-9. [PMID: 23375201 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and/or glycoprotein 130 (gp130) on in vitro growth of human embryos. DESIGN Laboratory study. SETTING University hospital-based IVF clinic. PATIENT(S) A total of 164 frozen embryos that survived thawing were cultured in media supplemented with LIF and/or gp130 or control media. INTERVENTION(S) Morphological development was evaluated by light microscopy. Protein expression profiles of single blastocysts were evaluated using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight-based intact cell mass spectrometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Embryo development and protein content. RESULT(S) Addition of gp130 to culture media improved blastocyst formation (73% vs. 43%). Addition of LIF to the culture media did not improve embryo development. Protein fingerprint spectra were obtained that revealed significant intensity changes for multiple molecular species including thymosin beta-10, thymosin beta-4, histone H2A, histone H2B, histone H4, ubiquitin, ubiquitin-T, and acyl-CoA binding protein. CONCLUSION(S) Glycoprotein 130, but not LIF, seems to be beneficial for preimplantation embryo development, implicating a physiological role in regulating preimplantation development in humans and thus ought to be included in culture media designed for embryo culture to the blastocyst stage. Furthermore, these findings highlight the great potential of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and intact cell mass spectrometry as a versatile tool in reproductive medicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredwell Hambiliki
- Department of Clinical Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Savasi V, Oneta M, Parrilla B, Cetin I. Should HCV discordant couples with a seropositive male partner be treated with assisted reproduction techniques (ART)? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013; 167:181-4. [PMID: 23317917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The debate on HCV discordant couples requiring assisted reproduction is still open today, and specific guidelines have not yet been established on whether or not physicians should treat HCV discordant couples who require ART. We studied the results of our reproductive assistance with sperm washing in HCV discordant couples, all treated in a single center, including the serological status of mothers and babies, and the outcome of the pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study conducted between January 2008 and December 2010 in our Reproductive Center in Sacco Hospital, University of Milan. Thirty-five HCV serodiscordant infertile couples with an HCV viremic positive male partner were enrolled. All of them completed the immuno-virological and fertility triage, and were treated according to our clinical protocols. RESULTS Forty-seven superovulation and IUI and 38 second-level ART procedures are reported. The pregnancy rates for IUI and ICSI are similar to those reported by the Italian ART register. All the 85 sperm samples were treated with sperm washing technique to reduce HCV in semen and the possible risk of transmission. We did not observe any preterm delivery or negative perinatal outcome. No mothers or babies are infected by HCV. CONCLUSION This is the biggest prospective study conducted in a single center involving HCV discordant infertile couples in an ART program. Although sexual transmission of HCV is very low, in subfertile or infertile couples sperm washing should be used to treat HCV positive semen before ART. We suggest that it is not necessary to perform nested PCR to detect HCV RNA in the final swim-up. Since the presence of HCV in semen implies a possible risk of nosocomial contamination, safety regulations must be strictly applied in assisted reproduction laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Savasi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Centre, DSC L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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22
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Guérin JF, Cornut-Thibaut A, Giscard-Destaing S, Pouvreau S, Guillemin Y, Aouacheria A. Subcellular dynamics of the maternal cell death regulator BCL2L10 in human preimplantation embryos. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:729-39. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Arav A, Natan Y. Vitrification of Oocytes: From Basic Science to Clinical Application. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 761:69-83. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8214-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rosenbluth EM, Shelton DN, Sparks AET, Devor E, Christenson L, Van Voorhis BJ. MicroRNA expression in the human blastocyst. Fertil Steril 2012; 99:855-861.e3. [PMID: 23211712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the most highly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in human blastocysts and to compare miRNAs in euploid versus aneuploid embryos and in male versus female embryos. DESIGN Experimental study of human embryos: 14 blastocysts (four male, five female, and five aneuploid) were evaluated for miRNA expression with the use of an array-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Highly expressed and differentially expressed miRNAs were confirmed with the use of qPCR in an expanded set of 27 blastocysts (seven male, eleven female, and nine aneuploid). SETTING Academic IVF program. PATIENT(S) Thirteen couples donated 91 cryopreserved embryos for this study. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Relative miRNA expression in individual blastocysts. RESULT(S) The most highly expressed miRNA in euploid embryos was miR-372. Many of the highly expressed miRNAs have been shown to be critical to mammalian embryo development and to maintenance of stem cell pluripotency. Several differentially expressed miRNAs were discovered based on chromosomal makeup, including sex of the embryo. CONCLUSION(S) Human blastocysts express miRNAs, which may be important to their survival. Differential miRNA expression based on sex implies some degree of differentiation at the blastocyst stage of development. Differential miRNA expression between euploid and aneuploid embryos may be an early indicator of their prognosis or a mechanism behind their eventual fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Rosenbluth
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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25
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Edgar DH, Gook DA. A critical appraisal of cryopreservation (slow cooling versus vitrification) of human oocytes and embryos. Hum Reprod Update 2012; 18:536-54. [PMID: 22537859 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dms016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitrification is now a commonly applied technique for cryopreservation in assisted reproductive technology (ART) replacing, in many cases, conventional slow cooling methodology. This review examines evidence relevant to comparison of the two approaches applied to human oocytes and embryos at different developmental stages. METHODS Critical review of the published literature using PubMed with particular emphasis on studies which include data on survival and implantation rates, data from fresh control groups and evaluation of the two approaches in a single setting. RESULTS Slow cooling is associated with lower survival rates and compromised development relative to vitrification when applied to metaphase II (MII) oocytes, although the vitrification results have predominantly been obtained using direct contact with liquid nitrogen and there is some evidence that optimal protocols for slow cooling of MII oocytes are yet to be established. There are no prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which support the use of either technique with pronuclear oocytes although vitrification has become the method of choice. Optimal slow cooling, using modifications of traditional methodology, and vitrification can result in high survival rates of early embryos, which implant at the same rate as equivalent fresh counterparts. Many studies report high survival and implantation rates following vitrification of blastocysts. Although slow cooling of blastocysts has been reported to be inferior in some studies, others comparing the two approaches in the same clinical setting have demonstrated comparable results. The variation in the extent of embryo selection applied in studies can lead to apparent differences in clinical efficiency, which may not be significant if expressed on a 'per oocyte used' basis. CONCLUSIONS Available evidence suggests that vitrification is the current method of choice when cryopreserving MII oocytes. Early cleavage stage embryos can be cryopreserved with equal success using slow cooling and vitrification. Successful blastocyst cryopreservation may be more consistently achieved with vitrification but optimal slow cooling can produce similar results. There are key limitations associated with the available evidence base, including a paucity of RCTs, limited reporting of live birth outcomes and limited reporting of detail which would allow assessment of the impact of differences in female age. While vitrification has a clear role in ART, we support continued research to establish optimal slow cooling methods which may assist in alleviating concerns over safety issues, such as storage, transport and the use of very high cryoprotectant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Edgar
- Reproductive Services/Melbourne IVF, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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26
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Vitrification of human embryos previously cryostored by either slow freezing or vitrification results in high pregnancy rates. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 24:314-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ye Y, Qian Y, Xu C, Jin F. Meiotic segregation analysis of embryos from reciprocal translocation carriers in PGD cycles. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 24:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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28
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Wood MJ, Mollison J, Harrild K, Ferguson E, McKay T, Srikantharajah A, Bell L, Bhattacharya S. A pragmatic RCT of conventional versus increased concentration sucrose in freezing and thawing solutions for human embryos. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:1987-96. [PMID: 21586432 PMCID: PMC3137387 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intact frozen-thawed embryos have a greater potential than damaged embryos to establish successful pregnancies. This study aimed to determine whether elevated concentrations of sucrose during freezing would increase the proportion of patients with ≥ 50% of embryos intact after thawing (primary outcome), and improve clinical outcome. METHODS In a two arm, parallel group, pragmatic trial, IVF/ICSI couples were randomized prospectively to have their supernumerary embryos frozen in a medium containing 0.1 M sucrose (control; n = 99) or 0.3 M sucrose (intervention; n = 102). RESULTS More control (74/99) than intervention (63/102) couples had at least one embryo thawed (P = 0.07). Significantly more (P = 0.005) intervention (53/63) than control (45/74) couples had ≥ 50% of embryos intact. Freezing in a medium containing 0.3 M sucrose increased by 3.4-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) (1.45, 7.82)] the likelihood of a couple having ≥ 50% of their embryos intact. In the fresh cycle, live birth rate per transfer was similar in the control (35/95) and intervention (36/93) groups (P = 0.91). More control (19/63) than intervention (9/59) couples had a live birth after frozen embryo transfer (P = 0.08). When fresh and frozen cycles were combined, fewer intervention (n = 102) than control (n = 99) couples had at least one live birth (42 versus 53%). The difference in cumulative live birth rate was not significant [hazard ratio = 0.75, 95% CI (0.49, 1.13); P = 0.17]. CONCLUSIONS Increasing the concentration of sucrose in the freezing medium improves embryo survival, but this is not reflected by increased cumulative birth rates. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN93314892.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Wood
- Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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Bos-Mikich A, Ferreira M, Höher M, Frantz G, Oliveira NP, Frantz N. Successful pregnancy after recryopreservation by vitrification of one blastocyst developed from a frozen embryo obtained by PESA: case report. J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 28:707-9. [PMID: 21743974 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Bos-Mikich
- Department of Morphological Sciences, ICBS, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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30
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Retrospective analysis of outcomes following transfer of previously cryopreserved oocytes, pronuclear zygotes and supernumerary blastocysts. Reprod Biomed Online 2011; 23:118-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Beyer DA, Amari F, Diedrich K, Al Hasani S. Embryo survival after vitrification of 2 PN oocytes. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Lin TK, Su JT, Lee FK, Lin YR, Lo HC. Cryotop vitrification as compared to conventional slow freezing for human embryos at the cleavage stage: survival and outcomes. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 49:272-8. [PMID: 21056310 DOI: 10.1016/s1028-4559(10)60060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of cryotop vitrification of human cleavage-stage embryos to that of conventional slow freezing of these embryos with respect to survival. A second objective was to compare the two cryopreservation techniques with respect to outcomes for a cohort of women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cleavage-stage embryos from 102 patients were cryopreserved either by vitrification (57 patients) or by traditional slow freezing (45 patients). After thawing, rates of embryo survival, implantation, and clinical pregnancy were determined. RESULTS Survival of embryos was significantly higher with the vitrification procedure as compared to traditional slow freezing [287/298 (96.3%) vs. 294/446 (65.9%); p < 0.05). Rates of implantation and clinical pregnancy were also significantly higher using vitrification procedure as compared to the slow freezing procedure (24.3% vs. 7.1% and 35.6% vs. 15.6% respectively, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION As compared to conventional slow freezing, cryopreservation of human cleavage-stage embryo using vitrification results in higher rates of embryo survival, implantation, and clinical pregnancy. Vitrification therefore represents the superior cryopreservation technique for cleavage-stage embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tseng-Kai Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Cathy General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Sabatini ME, Wolkovich AM, Macklin EA, Wright DL, Souter I, Toth TL. Pronuclear embryo cryopreservation experience: outcomes for reducing the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and for fertility preservation in cancer patients. J Assist Reprod Genet 2010; 28:279-84. [PMID: 21107899 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-010-9515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate pregnancy rate (PR) and live birth rate (LBR) after freezing pronuclear (PN) embryos for two purposes: to reduce the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and to bank embryos for cancer patients anticipating gametotoxic chemotherapy/radiotherapy. METHODS Data from 3,621 consecutive IVF cycles were retrospectively analyzed. PN freezing was offered to patients at risk for OHSS and for those wishing to preserve fertility prior to cancer therapy. Primary outcomes evaluated were PR and LBR. Outcomes were compared to patients who underwent fresh embryo transfer (ET) in 2006. RESULTS Sixty-six patients froze PN embryos. Thirty-eight were at risk for OHSS. The LBR was 34.3% after one transfer, and 51.4% after a mean of 1.4 transfers. Twenty-eight cancer patients froze embryos. The LBR was 16.7% after one transfer and 25.0% after a mean of 1.5 transfers. The LBR was 35.5% for patients who underwent fresh ET. CONCLUSION PN freezing with delayed ET is an effective tool for achieving pregnancy for patients at risk of OHSS and for cancer patients wishing to preserve fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Sabatini
- Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Gook DA. History of oocyte cryopreservation. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 23:281-9. [PMID: 21549640 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential advantages of being able to cryopreserve oocytes have been apparent for many decades. Technical difficulties associated with the unique properties of the mammalian oocyte initially retarded rapid development in this area but recent advances have overcome many of the problems. A stage has now been reached where oocyte cryopreservation can be considered an important component of human assisted reproductive technology. The potential advantages of being able to cryopreserve oocytes have been apparent for many decades. Technical difficulties associated with the unique properties of the mammalian oocyte initially retarded rapid development in this area but recent advances have overcome many of the problems. A stage has now been reached where oocyte cryopreservation can be considered an important component of human assisted reproductive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra A Gook
- Reproductive Services, Royal Women's Hospital/Melbourne IVF and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Hambiliki F, Ljunger E, Karlström PO, Stavreus-Evers A. Hyaluronan-enriched transfer medium in cleavage-stage frozen-thawed embryo transfers increases implantation rate without improvement of delivery rate. Fertil Steril 2010; 94:1669-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Anchan RM, Ginsburg ES. Fertility concerns and preservation in younger women with breast cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2010; 74:175-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Perdrix A, Macé B, Milazzo JP, Liard-Zmuda A, Baron M, Rives N. Ovarian tissue thawing: A comparison of two conditions. Fertil Steril 2010; 93:307-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Edgar DH, Karani J, Gook DA. Increasing dehydration of human cleavage-stage embryos prior to slow cooling significantly increases cryosurvival. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 19:521-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dessolle L, de Larouzière V, Ravel C, Berthaut I, Antoine JM, Mandelbaum J. Congélation lente et vitrification des ovocytes humains matures et immatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 37:712-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2009.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Edgar DH, Archer J, Bourne H. The application and impact of cryopreservation of early cleavage stage embryos in assisted reproduction. HUM FERTIL 2009; 8:225-30. [PMID: 16393822 DOI: 10.1080/14647270500054779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of cryopreserved embryos to the overall outcomes achieved by a clinical assisted reproduction programme has increased in importance with the trend towards reducing the numbers of fresh embryos transferred following in vitro fertilisation. Although cryopreservation appears to fully preserve developmental potential in early cleavage stage embryos that survive intact, it results in a reduction in potential when blastomere loss occurs during freezing and thawing. Overall, it can be estimated that cryopreservation results in approximately a 30% reduction in the potential for pregnancy in a population of embryos. Both blastomere survival and post-thaw resumption of mitosis can act as markers of implantation potential in frozen/thawed embryos. Application of strict criteria for freezing embryos and transferring thawed embryos may enhance apparent success rates, but may also result in some pregnancy potential being discarded. The role of embryo cryopreservation in minimising the incidence of multiple pregnancy must be balanced with the need for efficiency in the quest to establish pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Edgar
- Reproductive Services, Royal Women's Hospital and Melbourne IVF, Victoria, Australia.
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Home G, Ibrahim ZHZ, Matson PL, Buck P, Lieberman BA. Management of ovarian hyperstimulation following ovulation induction with buserelin and human menopausal gonadotrophin. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/01443619009151205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Embryo cryopreservation is a well established technique and is used widely for embryo banking of genetically valuable strains of mice, the transport and proliferation of farm animals and as a valuable adjunct to human in vitro fertilization (IVF). The range of methods presently used to cryopreserve human embryos has been recently reviewed. This article examines the results obtained by the established freezing techniques and developments in the new rapid cooling methods. There is a dramatic contrast in the simplicity, ease and cost between these new rapid techniques and the conventional slow cooling or equilibrium freezing methods and it is likely that the rapid freezing will replace conventional freezing by slow cooling which is presently in widespread use in IVF clinics.
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Noyes N, Reh A, McCaffrey C, Tan O, Krey L. Impact of developmental stage at cryopreservation and transfer on clinical outcome of frozen embryo cycles. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 19 Suppl 3:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Niu Z, Feng Y, Sun Y, Zhang A, Zhang H. Estrogen level monitoring in artificial frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles using step-up regime without pituitary suppression: is it necessary? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL ASSISTED REPRODUCTION 2008; 5:4. [PMID: 18598369 PMCID: PMC2467429 DOI: 10.1186/1743-1050-5-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background To discuss the meaning of serum oestradiol monitoring in frozen embryo transfer cycle using hormone replacement without pretreatment with gonadotropin hormone (GnRH) agonist. Methods The data from two hundred twelve women undergoing two hundred seventy-four frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles was included in this retrospective cohort study. They were detected of serum oestradiol levels and endometrium thicknesses during hormone supplement FET cycles and compared their pregnancy outcomes according to their oestradiol level on progesterone initiation day. Results Patients with different levels of serum oestradiol (percentile 0–25th, 25th–75th and 75th–100th) on progesterone initiation day yielded the endometrium thickness of 9.3 ± 0.12, 8.9 ± 0.07 and 9.1 ± 0.11 mm(P > 0.05) and the pregnancy rate of 32.2%, 38.4% and 36.3% (P > 0.05) respectively. Conclusion The serum estradiol level did not predict pregnancy success in hormone replacement FET cycles, suggesting that oestradiol monitoring in this method of endometrial preparation is unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Niu
- IVF-unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RuiJin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, PR China.
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Wang L, Qiao J, Liu P, Lian Y. Effect of luteinized unruptured follicle cycles on clinical outcomes of frozen thawed embryo transfer in Chinese women. J Assist Reprod Genet 2008; 25:229-33. [PMID: 18566885 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-008-9225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) cycles on frozen thawed embryo transfer (FET). DESIGN A retrospective analysis comparing the clinical outcomes after FET among 144 cases of luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) cycles and 866 cases of ovulation cycles. SETTING Reproductive medical center, Beijing China. PATIENTS Chinese infertile women who underwent FET. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical pregnancy rate (PR), implantation rate. RESULTS The implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, on-going pregnancy rate and live birth rate in LUF group were 12.76% (49/384), 27.78% (40/144), 24.31% (35/144) and 19.44% (28/144), respectively, and in ovulation group, 14.74% (332/2251), 31.29% (271/866), 28.29% (245/866) and 22.23% (193/866), respectively (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS LUF does not affect the clinical outcomes of FET. Patients of LUF should be included in FET treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Jones GM, Cram DS, Song B, Kokkali G, Pantos K, Trounson AO. Novel strategy with potential to identify developmentally competent IVF blastocysts. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:1748-59. [PMID: 18477572 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently there are no markers fully predictive of developmental competence of human IVF embryos. The present study investigated a novel strategy involving blastocyst biopsy and DNA fingerprinting to link developmental competence with gene expression patterns. METHODS Patient's blastocysts were biopsied to remove 8-20 trophectoderm (TE) cells for molecular analysis prior to transfer. Biopsy samples were amplified and gene expression was evaluated using microarrays. Sibling TE biopsies and cells from resulting offspring were subjected to DNA fingerprinting to identify which blastocyst(s) in the transfer cohort developed to term. RESULTS Blastocyst biopsy did not appear to impair developmental competence. Comparative microarray analysis of cDNA from pooled 'viable' and 'non-viable' TE samples identified over 7000 transcripts expressed exclusively in 'viable' blastocysts. The most significant of these included transcripts involved in cell adhesion and cell communication, key processes that have been associated with mammalian implantation. DNA fingerprinting of three cohorts of sibling blastocysts identified those blastocyst(s) that produced term pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS The combination of blastocyst biopsy, microarray gene expression profiling and DNA fingerprinting is a powerful tool to identify diagnostic markers of competence to develop to term. This strategy may be used to develop a rapid diagnostic assay or for refining existing criteria for the selection of the single most viable blastocyst among a cohort developing in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle M Jones
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories (MISCL), Monash University, Level 3-STRIP Building 75, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Agerholm IE, Kølvraa S, Crüger DG, Berg C, Bruun-Petersen G, Ziebe S. Resumption of mitosis in frozen-thawed embryos is not related to the chromosomal constitution. Fertil Steril 2008; 90:1649-55. [PMID: 18068161 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Revised: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relation between the resumption of mitosis after thaw and chromosomal constitution in frozen-thawed embryos. In addition, to evaluate the correlation among the three parameters of resumption of mitosis after thaw, postthaw blastomere loss, and multinucleation. DESIGN Frozen-thawed embryos were morphologically evaluated at thaw and after 24 hours of culture. Then, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, including enumeration of 13 chromosomes, was performed by using a combination of peptide nucleic acid and DNA probes. SETTING In vitro fertilization laboratory. PATIENT(S) Forty IVF and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection patients. INTERVENTION(S) Embryo thawing, morphological evaluation, and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis for aneuploidy screening. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Resumption of mitosis, blastomere loss, multinucleation, and chromosome enumeration. RESULT(S) No difference was observed in the chromosomal constitution of embryos with and without resumption of mitosis. Neither was the postthaw blastomere loss connected to the chromosomal constitution. The resumption of mitosis was not associated with postthaw loss of blastomeres or with multinuclearity. CONCLUSION(S) Resumption of mitosis and blastomere loss of frozen-thawed embryos is not related to chromosome aberrations in the embryo. Further, the resumption of mitosis is not correlated with multinucleation. However, the high incidence of multinucleated embryos after thawing indicates that the freezing and thawing procedure may affect this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge E Agerholm
- The Fertility Clinic, Braedstrup Hospital, Braedstrup, Denmark.
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Leibo S. Cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos: Optimization by theoretical versus empirical analysis. Theriogenology 2008; 69:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Paynter SJ. Principles and practical issues for cryopreservation of nerve cells. Brain Res Bull 2007; 75:1-14. [PMID: 18158089 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nerve cells isolated from the brain have a number of research and clinical applications, not the least of which is their transplantation to patients with Parkinson's disease. Neural primary and precursor cells of several areas of the brain are potential candidates for transplantation and research. However, supply of suitable tissue is one of the major problems associated with the widespread application of such techniques. The ability to store such tissue for prolonged periods would greatly alleviate this problem. Cryopreservation allows indefinite storage, provided the storage temperature is sufficiently low. Whilst many of the potentially usable cell types have been shown to be capable of surviving cryopreservation to some degree, survival post-thaw needs to be considerably improved. Cryopreservation techniques applied to date are mostly crude and often adopted from those used for unrelated cell types. Studies involving cryopreservation of primary neural cells and stem cells are reviewed, the basic principles of cryopreservation explained and suggestions made for improvements to the low temperature storage of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon J Paynter
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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Abstract
The clinical role of oocyte cryopreservation in assisted reproduction, as an adjunct to sperm and embryo cryopreservation, has been comparatively slow to evolve as a consequence of theoretical concerns related to efficacy and safety. Basic biological studies in the 1990's alleviated many of these concerns leading to more widespread adoption of the technology. While a number of babies were born from the approach validated in the 1990's, its perceived clinical inefficiency led to the search for improved methods. Introduction of elevated dehydrating sucrose concentrations during cryopreservation increased survival and fertilization rates, but there is no well-controlled evidence of improved clinical outcome. Similarly, the use of sodium-depleted cryopreservation media has not been demonstrated to increase clinical efficiency. More recently, and in the absence of basic biological studies addressing safety issues, the application of vitrification techniques to human oocytes has resulted in reports of a number of live births. The small number of babies born from clinical oocyte cryopreservation and the paucity of well-controlled studies currently preclude valid comparisons between approaches. Legal restrictions on the ability to select embryos from cryopreserved oocytes in Italy, where many of the available reports originate, also obscure attempts to assess oocyte cryopreservation objectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra A Gook
- Reproductive Services/Melbourne IVF, Royal Women's Hospital, 132 Grattan Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Australia.
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