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Colman K, Andrews RN, Atkins H, Boulineau T, Bradley A, Braendli-Baiocco A, Capobianco R, Caudell D, Cline M, Doi T, Ernst R, van Esch E, Everitt J, Fant P, Gruebbel MM, Mecklenburg L, Miller AD, Nikula KJ, Satake S, Schwartz J, Sharma A, Shimoi A, Sobry C, Taylor I, Vemireddi V, Vidal J, Wood C, Vahle JL. International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Non-proliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Non-human Primate ( M. fascicularis). J Toxicol Pathol 2021; 34:1S-182S. [PMID: 34712008 PMCID: PMC8544165 DOI: 10.1293/tox.34.1s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for
Lesions Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp) is a joint initiative of the Societies of
Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North
America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and
nonproliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to
provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in most
tissues and organs from the nonhuman primate used in nonclinical safety studies. Some of
the lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature
presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet
(http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from
government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes
spontaneous lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. Relevant
infectious and parasitic lesions are included as well. A widely accepted and utilized
international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions in laboratory animals will provide
a common language among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different
countries and increase and enrich international exchanges of information among
toxicologists and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn Colman
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rachel N Andrews
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hannah Atkins
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Alys Bradley
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd., Tranent, Scotland, UK
| | - Annamaria Braendli-Baiocco
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raffaella Capobianco
- Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - David Caudell
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Takuya Doi
- LSIM Safety Institute Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Everitt
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andew D Miller
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Shigeru Satake
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kagoshima and Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Alok Sharma
- Covance Laboratories, Inc., Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles Wood
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - John L Vahle
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis IN, USA
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Jacobson MH, Howards PP, Kesner JS, Meadows JW, Dominguez CE, Spencer JB, Darrow LA, Terrell ML, Marcus M. Hormonal Profiles of Menstrual Bleeding Patterns During the Luteal-Follicular Transition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5770955. [PMID: 32115635 PMCID: PMC7096314 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Menstrual cycle function is determined by a complex endocrine axis that controls the ovaries and endometrium. While the late luteal phase is characterized by declining progesterone and estrogen, how these hormonal profiles relate to menstrual bleeding patterns is not well understood. OBJECTIVE Characterize associations between luteal phase hormonal profiles and subsequent menstrual bleeding patterns, specifically spotting before bleeding. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We examined creatinine-adjusted urinary estrone 3-glucuronide (E13G) and pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (Pd3G) levels in relation to spotting in 116 premenopausal women (ages 20-47) who kept daily menstrual diaries and collected first morning urine samples for ≥ 2 consecutive cycles or 1 luteal-follicular transition (n = 283 transitions). We used linear mixed models to estimate associations between luteal phase hormone levels and spotting before bleeding. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) AND RESULTS Transitions with ≥ 1 days of spotting before menstrual bleeding (n = 118) had greater luteal phase Pd3G levels vs nonspotting transitions (n = 165). Differences in Pd3G between spotting and nonspotting transitions were largest at menses onset (34.8%, 95% confidence interval, 18.9%, 52.7%). Pd3G levels for spotting transitions dropped to similar levels as nonspotting transitions an average of 1 day later, which aligned with the first day of bleeding for transitions with contiguous spotting. Spotting transitions were preceded by slower rates of Pd3G decline than nonspotting transitions, whereas E13G declines were similar. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported bleeding patterns may provide insight into luteal phase Pd3G levels. First bleed appears to be the best choice for defining the end of the luteal phase and achieving hormonal consistency across transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie H Jacobson
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Environmental Pediatrics, New York, New York
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, Georgia
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Melanie Jacobson, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Environmental Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, 462 1st Avenue, Building A, 8th Floor, Room 850, New York, NY 10016.
| | - Penelope P Howards
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James S Kesner
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, retired
| | - Juliana W Meadows
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Celia E Dominguez
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hawaii Pacific Health, Hawaii
| | - Jessica B Spencer
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lyndsey A Darrow
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, Nevada
| | - Metrecia L Terrell
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michele Marcus
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, Georgia
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Coutifaris C, Myers ER, Guzick DS, Diamond MP, Carson SA, Legro RS, McGovern PG, Schlaff WD, Carr BR, Steinkampf MP, Silva S, Vogel DL, Leppert PC. Histological dating of timed endometrial biopsy tissue is not related to fertility status. Fertil Steril 2004; 82:1264-72. [PMID: 15533340 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2003] [Revised: 03/29/2004] [Accepted: 03/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the ability of histological dating to discriminate between women of fertile and infertile couples. The utility of histological dating of endometrium in the evaluation of infertile couples is uncertain. DESIGN Prospective multicenter study, with subjects randomly assigned to biopsy timing. Criterion standard for infertility was 12 months of unprotected, regular intercourse without conception and for fertility at least one live birth within 2 years. SETTING University-based infertility practices. PATIENT(S) Volunteer subjects (847) recruited at 12 clinical sites participating in the National Institutes of Health-funded Reproductive Medicine Network. Inclusion criteria included ages 20-39 years, regular menstrual cycles, and no hormonal treatment or contraceptive use for 1 month before the study. Fertile controls were excluded if they had a history of infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, or recent breastfeeding. INTERVENTION(S) Subjects underwent daily urinary LH testing. After detection of the LH surge, subjects were randomized to biopsy in the mid (days 21-22) or the late (days 26-27) luteal phase. Pathologists at each site estimated the cycle day based on standard criteria. For the primary analysis, an out-of-phase biopsy was defined as a greater than 2-day delay in the histological maturation of the endometrium. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The proportion of out-of-phase biopsies in fertile and infertile women was compared using logistic regression models with age at randomization as a covariate. Comparisons were also made between fertile vs. infertile at the midluteal or late luteal phase time points. RESULT(S) Biopsies were evaluated (301 mid and 318 late; N = 619). Out-of-phase biopsy results poorly discriminated between women from fertile and infertile couples in either the midluteal (fertile: 49.4%, infertile: 43.2%) or late luteal phase (fertile: 35.3%, infertile 23.0%). Results did not substantially differ using alternative definitions of "out-of-phase" or standardized cycle day. CONCLUSION(S) Histological dating of the endometrium does not discriminate between women of fertile and infertile couples and should not be used in the routine evaluation of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Coutifaris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
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Blacker CM, Ginsburg KA, Leach RE, Randolph J, Moghissi KS. Unexplained infertility: evaluation of the luteal phase; results of the National Center for Infertility Research at Michigan. Fertil Steril 1997; 67:437-42. [PMID: 9091327 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(97)80066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the luteal phase in women with rigorously defined unexplained infertility. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING National Center for Infertility Research at Michigan. PATIENT(S) Evaluation of 1,885 women with infertility identified 12 women who met the rigorously defined criteria for unexplained infertility: [1] infertility of > or = 24 months duration, with no male factor, anatomic-functional disorders of the reproductive tract, or immunologic infertility; [2] normal body mass index (BMI); [3] ovulatory cycles ranging from 26 to 32 days; [4] normal luteal phase determined by endometrial biopsy; and [5] normal baseline hormonal profile. Controls (n = 12) were healthy, parous women with normal ovulatory cycles, normal hormonal screen, and were matched for age and BMI to patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Pattern of follicular growth rate and luteal phase hormonal profile. RESULT(S) Women with unexplained infertility did not differ in menstrual cycle characteristics, follicular growth rate or mean preovulatory follicle diameter, or endometrial biopsy dating. The mean levels of P tended to be lower in the unexplained infertility group throughout the luteal phase, but only the midluteal interval reached statistical significance. Luteal phase mean integrated P or urinary PDG levels of unexplained infertility women did not differ from those of fertile controls. The ratio of integrated E2:P also was significantly greater in women with unexplained infertility than in fertile controls. CONCLUSION(S) Women with rigorously defined unexplained infertility have subtle hormonal anomalies during the luteal phase when compared with fertile controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Blacker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Hutzel Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Kesner JS, Knecht EA, Krieg EF. Stability of urinary female reproductive hormones stored under various conditions. Reprod Toxicol 1995; 9:239-44. [PMID: 7579908 DOI: 10.1016/0890-6238(95)00005-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Urinary reproductive hormones afford specific and sensitive evaluation of female reproductive potential in epidemiologic and clinical settings. The goal of this study was to characterize the stability of urinary luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estrone 3-glucuronide, pregnanediol 3-glucuronide, and creatinine during storage as functions of time, temperature, and additives. After 2 weeks with no additives, activity of the four analytes, relative to initial concentrations, ranged from 91.9 to 102.8% at 4 degrees C, 35.1 to 89.6% at 25 degrees C, and 7.5 to 66.9% at 37 degrees C. Antimicrobial additives did not consistently improve stability. Analyte activity for samples stored with no additives for 24 weeks at -80 degrees C ranged from 69.0 to 101.2%. Glycerol and bovine serum albumin improved analyte stability; activity ranged from 91.1 to 106.3%. Other additives were ineffective. These results reveal conditions for storing reproductive hormone analytes in urine during epidemiologic field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Kesner
- Experimental Toxicology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA
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Kesner JS, Knecht EA, Krieg EF, Barnard G, Mikola HJ, Kohen F, Gani MM, Coley J. Validations of time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays for urinary estrone 3-glucuronide and pregnanediol 3-glucuronide. Steroids 1994; 59:205-11. [PMID: 8048153 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(94)90029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Competitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays (FIAs) were developed for measuring 1,3,5(10)-estratrien-3-ol-17-one glucosiduronate (estrone 3-glucuronide, E(1)3G) and 5 beta-Pregnane-3 alpha,20 alpha-diol 3-glucosiduronate (pregnanediol 3-glucuronide, Pd3G) in unextracted urine. The assays are specific, detect 0.98 ng E(1)3G/mL and 0.035 microgram Pd3G/mL, measure 102.8 +/- 2.0% of E(1)3G and 93.6 +/- 2.9% of Pd3G added, and exhibit between and within assay coefficients of variation, respectively, of 5.3% and 7.1% for E(1)3G and 6.8% and 7.8% for Pd3G. The urine matrix does not interfere with the assay. Urinary steroid glucuronide profiles measured by these FIAs conform to those of urinary steroid glucuronides and serum estradiol and progesterone measured by other established immunoassays. These FIAs afford the advantages of non-radioisotopic procedures and urine sample collection (convenience, non-invasiveness, integration of pulsatile secretion) to evaluate menstrual function in epidemiological, medical, and athletic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Kesner
- Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998
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Corsan GH, Kemmann E, Bohrer M, Blotner M, Smilow P, Shelden R. Use of urinary luteinizing hormone immunoassays in the assessment of luteal function in infertile women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166:41-6. [PMID: 1733216 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(92)91826-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that the chronologic date of an endometrial biopsy performed to evaluate luteal adequacy should be based on the date of the luteinizing hormone surge rather than the date of the next menstrual period. Sixty-four infertile women used a urinary luteinizing hormone immunoassay to identify the luteinizing hormone surge; timed serum progesterone level tests and an endometrial biopsy were then performed. An out-of-phase endometrium was identified in 26.6% of cycles dated traditionally and 28.1% of cycles dated from the luteinizing hormone surge. No relationship was identified between progesterone levels and endometrial biopsy results when the next menstrual period was used. When the luteinizing hormone surge was used no progesterone cutoff value could be identified that would reliably distinguish between in-phase and out-of-phase cycles. Use of a urinary luteinizing hormone immunoassay offers no advantage over the next menstrual period and does not lead to better agreement between histologic and chronologic dating.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Corsan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick 08093
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