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Taylor H, Li HJ, Carson S, Flores V, Pal L, Robbins J, Santoro NF, Segars JH, Seifer D, Huang H, Young S, Zhang H. Pre-IVF treatment with a GnRH antagonist in women with endometriosis (PREGNANT): study protocol for a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e052043. [PMID: 35715184 PMCID: PMC9207753 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infertility is a common complication of endometriosis. While in vitro fertilisation-embryo transfer (IVF) successfully treats endometriosis-associated infertility, there is some evidence that pregnancy rates may be diminished in women seeing fertility treatment for endometriosis-associated infertility compared with other etiologies of infertility. The use of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist prior to IVF has been suggested to improve success, however studies have been small and rarely reported live birth rates. Recent approval of an oral GnRH antagonist for endometriosis provides a novel option for women with endometriosis who are undergoing IVF. There have been no studies on the efficacy of GnRH antagonists for the treatment of endometriosis-related infertility. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study is a multicentre, prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to study the efficacy of GnRH antagonist pretreatment for women with endometriosis who are undergoing IVF. A total of 814 patients with endometriosis undergoing fertility treatment will be enrolled and randomised 1:1 into two groups: elagolix 200 mg two times per day or placebo for 8 weeks, prior to undergoing IVF. All participants will then undergo IVF treatment per local protocols. The primary outcome is live birth. Secondary outcomes include oocyte number, fertilisation rate, embryo morphology and implantation rates, as well as rates of known endometriosis-related obstetrical outcomes (pregnancy-induced hypertension, antepartum haemorrhage, caesarean delivery and preterm birth). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The PREGnant trial was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Johns Hopkins University. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04173169.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Taylor
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Howard J Li
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sandra Carson
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Valerie Flores
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lubna Pal
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jared Robbins
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Chicago, USA
| | - Nanette F Santoro
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - James H Segars
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Seifer
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hao Huang
- Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Steven Young
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Heping Zhang
- Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Brüggmann D, Tchartchian G, Wallwiener M, Münstedt K, Tinneberg HR, Hackethal A. Intra-abdominal adhesions: definition, origin, significance in surgical practice, and treatment options. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2010; 107:769-75. [PMID: 21116396 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2010.0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra-abdominal adhesions arise after more than 50% of all abdominal operations and are an important source of postoperative complications. They attach normally separated organs to each other and can cause major problems for the affected patients by giving rise to small bowel obstruction, chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia, infertility, and higher complication rates in subsequent operations. They are also a frequent source of medicolegal conflict. Thus, every physician should be familiar with their mechanism of origin, their consequences, and the methods by which they can be prevented. METHODS A selective PubMed/Medline search from 1960 onward as well as articles to which these publications referred. The expert consensus position of the European Society for Gynaecological Surgery is also taken into consideration. RESULTS Adhesions arise through aberrant wound healing after peritoneal injury with further influence from a variety of other factors. Preventive measures include minimizing peritoneal injury intraoperatively through the meticulous observance of basic surgical principles, moistening the mesothelium to keep it from drying out, irrigating the peritoneal cavity to remove blood and clot, and keeping the use of intra-abdominal foreign material to a minimum. CONCLUSION Adhesions are an inevitable consequence of intra-abdominal surgery. They can be prevented to some extent with meticulous surgical technique and certain other measures. For operations carrying a high risk of postoperative adhesions, e.g., surgery on the adnexa or bowel, commercially available peritoneal instillates or barrier methods can be used to limit adhesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dörthe Brüggmann
- CARE Group (Clinical Adhesion Research and Evaluation Group), Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Germany
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Saed GM, Jiang ZL, Fletcher NM, Al Arab A, Diamond MP, Abu-Soud HM. Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls enhances lipid peroxidation in human normal peritoneal and adhesion fibroblasts: a potential role for myeloperoxidase. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:845-50. [PMID: 20067832 PMCID: PMC2834263 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide, superoxide, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) produced under oxidative stress may contribute to the development of postoperative adhesions. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on LPO, superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and nitrite/nitrate in human normal peritoneal and adhesion fibroblasts. PCB treatment reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression as well as levels of nitrite/nitrate in both cell lines. Although there was no difference in iNOS expression between the two cell lines, adhesion fibroblasts manifested lower basal levels of MPO compared to normal peritoneal fibroblasts. There was a reduction in MPO expression and its activity in response to PCB treatment in normal peritoneal fibroblasts; however, this effect was minimal in adhesion fibroblasts. Moreover, adhesion fibroblasts manifested higher levels of LPO compared to normal peritoneal fibroblasts, whereas PCB treatment increased LPO levels in both cell types. We conclude that PCBs promote the development of the adhesion phenotype by generating an oxidative stress environment. This is evident by lower iNOS, MPO, and nitrite/nitrate and a simultaneous increase in LPO. Loss of MPO activity, possibly through a mechanism involving MPO heme depletion and free iron release, is yet another source of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan M Saed
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Saed GM, Jiang Z, Diamond MP, Abu-Soud HM. The role of myeloperoxidase in the pathogenesis of postoperative adhesions. Wound Repair Regen 2009; 17:531-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2009.00500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ait Menguellet S, Collinet P, Cosson M, Mariette C, Triboulet JP, Vinatier D. Intérêt des produits antiadhérentiels en chirurgie gynécologique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 35:290-6. [PMID: 17337231 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion barriers are intraperitoneal agents, solid or fluid, developed in order to prevent postoperative adhesions. In this article, we evaluate the efficiency of these new barrier agents for adhesion prevention in gynaecologic surgery, undertaking a review of controlled clinical trials published. Several human clinical trials demonstrated the safety and efficiency of both Interceed and Seprafilm. As far as other barrier agents are concerned, data are still insufficient to recommend them for clinical use. There is a need for other randomised controlled trials in order to evaluate functional efficiency of anti adhesion agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ait Menguellet
- Clinique de gynécologie, hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, centre hospitalier régional universitaire (CHRU) de Lille, 2, avenue Oscar-Lambret, 59037 Lille cedex, France
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Csemiczky G, Harlin J, Fried G. Predictive power of clomiphene citrate challenge test for failure of in vitro fertilization treatment. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002; 81:954-61. [PMID: 12366487 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2002.811010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the impact of ovarian reserve on the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment in 140 women, in a total of 279 treatment cycles. METHODS All women underwent a clomiphene citrate (CC) challenge test to assess their ovarian reserve before IVF treatment. One hundred and eighteen women (84%) had normal basal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (3.1-10.0 IU/l) and 22 women (16%) had elevated FSH levels (> 10.0-24.0 IU/l). The FSH levels measured on cycle day 10 showed that 106 (76%) of the women could be regarded as having a normal ovarian reserve and 34 (24%) a diminished ovarian reserve. RESULTS In the group with diminished ovarian reserve, pregnancies and live births were dramatically lower than in the group with normal ovarian reserve. Counting only the first cycle (n = 140), the number of ongoing pregnancies and live birth rate were highly different between the two groups: 3% vs. 36% (1/33 vs. 28/78). Counting all treatment cycles (n = 210 + 69) the clinical pregnancy rate in the diminished ovarian reserve group was 6%-31% compared with the normal woman (4/69 compared 65/210). The number of started treatment cycles per woman were similar in the two groups. The length of the ovarian stimulations were slightly longer in the group with elevated FSH compared with the group with normal FSH levels. The number of cancellations resulting from insufficient ovarian response was significantly higher in the group with diminished ovarian reserve (n = 38, 55%) compared with the normal women (n = 32, 15%) (p < 0.0001). In addition, the average E2 levels before oocyte pick up were significantly lower in the group of women with diminished ovarian reserve compared with normal women (p < 0.0001). Calculation of the sensitivity and specificity of the CC test showed that an abnormal test has a high probability for a negative treatment outcome. The number of retrieved, fertilized oocytes, the number of divided oocytes, and the number of embryo transfers in the first as well as in all cycles differed significantly between the two of groups women (p < 0.001-0.009). CONCLUSIONS We found that the CC challenge test is a useful tool in assessing a woman's ovarian capacity before infertility treatment. The predictive value of the test for a negative outcome of IVF treatment was strong. We recommend performing the test before infertility treatment. This may prevent unnecessary treatment trials and unrealistic expectations from both patients and doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Csemiczky
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Women and Child Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Keay SD, Barlow R, Eley A, Masson GM, Anthony FW, Jenkins JM. The relation between immunoglobulin G antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis and poor ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation before in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 1998; 70:214-8. [PMID: 9696209 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(98)00145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a relation exists between previous exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis and impaired ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation. DESIGN Controlled clinical study. SETTING Two university IVF centers. PATIENT(S) Two hundred forty-two patients receiving IVF treatment and 81 control patients. Ninety-four patients with a poor response to IVF, defined by cycle cancellation in response to a daily stimulation dose of 300 IU of FSH, and 148 patients with a good response were matched for age. Twenty-eight pregnant controls and 53 controls of proven fertility also were included. INTERVENTION(S) Serum samples were obtained from patients and controls. Serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies to C. trachomatis were determined by ELISA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The prevalence of serum IgG antibodies to C. trachomatis in critically defined poor responders was compared with that of age-matched good responders. RESULT(S) A significantly higher proportion of poor responders had serum IgG antibodies to C. trachomatis compared with good responders (44.7% and 30.4%, respectively). Patients undergoing IVF had a significantly higher prevalence of IgG antibodies to C. trachomatis (36%) than did either pregnant or nonpregnant controls (12%). CONCLUSION(S) A significantly higher prevalence of serum IgG antibodies to C. trachomatis was observed in critically defined poor responders, suggesting a possible detrimental effect of C. trachomatis on subsequent ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Keay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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Keay SD, Liversedge NH, Jenkins JM. Could ovarian infection impair ovarian response to gonadotrophin stimulation? BRITISH JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1998; 105:252-3. [PMID: 9532982 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S D Keay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Bristol, St Michael's Hospital
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Csemiczky G, Wramsby H, Landgren BM. Ovarian function in relation to the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment in regularly menstruating women with tubal infertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 1995; 12:683-8. [PMID: 8624423 DOI: 10.1007/bf02212893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Ovarian endocrine function was evaluated in 53 regularly menstruating women, 27 to 38 years of age, who failed to conceive at least 2 years following reconstructive surgery for tubal infertility. Thirty apparently healthy women, 24 to 40 years of age with proven fertility, served as controls. Blood samples were obtained daily on cycle days 2-4 and 22-26 to assess FSH, E2, and P4 results. RESULTS There was a tendency for women with more advanced tubal damage to be subjected to more extensive surgery. Based on extent of reconstructive surgery, the patients were divided into three groups. Group A (n = 29) had less extensive surgery, limited to the fallopian tubes, group B (n = 14) included patients with extended adhesiolysis, and group C (n = 10) comprised patients that had the most extensive reconstructive procedures involving ovarian surgery. Significantly highest FSH levels were found in group C (P < 0.001) compared to groups A and B in the early follicular phase. During the luteal phase, E2 levels were lower in groups B (P < 0.01) and C (P < 0.001) compared to group A. P4 levels were lower in group C compared to groups A and B. CONCLUSION When the patients underwent IVF treatment higher grades of tubal damage, more extensive surgery and hormonal signs of ovarian insufficiency were highly related to treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Csemiczky
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Loskutoff NM, Kraemer DC, Raphael BL, Huntress SL, Wildt DE. Advances in reproduction in captive, female great apes: Value of biotechniques. Am J Primatol 1991; 24:151-166. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350240303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/1989] [Revised: 10/19/1990] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tulandi T, Collins JA, Burrows E, Jarrell JF, McInnes RA, Wrixon W, Simpson CW. Treatment-dependent and treatment-independent pregnancy among women with periadnexal adhesions. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162:354-7. [PMID: 2309813 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90384-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to evaluate the efficacy of salpingoovariolysis we studied 147 women who were found to have periadnexal adhesions on laparoscopic examination. Among these women, 69 were treated by laparotomy and salpingoovariolysis and 78 were not treated. There was no significant difference between the degree of adhesions in the treated group and in the nontreated group. With the use of life table analysis, the cumulative pregnancy rate at 12 and 24 months follow-up was 32% and 45% in the treated group and 11% and 16% in the nontreated group, respectively (p less than 10(-6)). We suggest that although pregnancy might occur in infertile women who have periadnexal adhesions, treatment with salpingoovariolysis is associated with a higher pregnancy rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tulandi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Dlugi AM, Loy RA, Dieterle S, Bayer SR, Seibel MM. The effect of endometriomas on in vitro fertilization outcome. JOURNAL OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYO TRANSFER : IVF 1989; 6:338-41. [PMID: 2517506 DOI: 10.1007/bf01138773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effect of ovarian endometriomas on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome, two groups of patients were studied. Group I consisted of seven patients with ovarian endometriomas and severe pelvic adhesions treated for a total of 12 cycles. Group II patients consisted of eight patients with hydrosalpinges and comparable pelvic adhesions treated for a total of 27 cycles. There were no differences in the number of days required for stimulation or in the serum estradiol levels attained between the two groups. Group I patients were noted to have significantly fewer preovulatory follicles (1.42 vs 3.33, P less than 0.005), cycles with fertilization (28 vs 84%, P less than 0.005), and embryos transferred (0.78 vs 2.56, P = 0.01) than Group II patients. Three pregnancies occurred in Group II, while there were no conceptions among Group I patients. This study suggests that the presence of an ovarian endometrioma(s) has an adverse effect on IVF outcome and suggests that patients with ovarian endometriomas should have them removed prior to undergoing IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Dlugi
- Dana Biomedical Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
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Oehninger S, Scott R, Muasher SJ, Acosta AA, Jones HW, Rosenwaks Z. Effects of the severity of tubo-ovarian disease and previous tubal surgery on the results of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 1989; 51:126-30. [PMID: 2910706 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)60440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ovarian response and in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF-ET) results in patients with tubal infertility and two ovaries, according to (1) the degree and extent of pelvic disease (isolated tubal or tubo-ovarian) and (2) previous adnexal surgical procedures. A total of 549 patients who underwent 1031 IVF-ET cycles were evaluated. Significant findings were as follows: (1) No differences were found in the number of preovulatory oocytes, fertilization rates, or serum estradiol levels in the follicular phase between any classes of tubo-ovarian disease. (2) Patients with a "frozen pelvis" had significantly fewer follicles aspirated than those in any other category, although they had equivalent numbers of preovulatory oocytes retrieved and pregnancy rates. (3) Patients with previous bilateral tubal ligation had higher pregnancy rates than patients with severe tubo-ovarian disease. (4) The type of prior pelvic surgical procedure had no effect on IVF-ET outcome. Although patients with no cause of infertility other than tubal ligation had better results, these patients had previously proven fertility. We conclude that neither the stage of tubo-ovarian disease nor any history of pelvic adhesions or tubal surgery has a significant impact on the efficiency of IVF-ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oehninger
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Howard and Georgeanna Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
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Kaplan CR, Eddy CA, Olive DL, Schenken RS. Effect of ovarian endometriosis on ovulation in rabbits. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 160:40-4. [PMID: 2912100 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(89)90083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To study the relationship between endometriosis and ovulatory dysfunction, we induced ovarian endometriosis in the rabbit model Adipose tissue was placed in the contralateral ovary as a control. Ovulation was induced with human chorionic gonadotropin, and ovulation points were counted before and after induction of endometriosis. Periovarian adhesions were graded, and ovaries were histologically examined. A significant decrease in the number of ovulation points was observed in ovaries with endometrial tissue (p = 0.001) but not in ovaries that contained adipose tissue (p = 0.095). Periovarian adhesions decreased the number of ovulation points (p less than 0.01) in ovaries that contained adipose or endometrial tissues. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that an increase in adhesion severity was correlated with a decrease in the number of ovulation points (p less than 0.05), but endometrial tissue was not (p = 0.45). We conclude that, in the rabbit model, minimal ovarian endometriosis impairs ovulation primarily through a mechanism related to periovarian adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Kaplan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284
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