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Deliwala SS, Chandan S, Kumar A, Mohan B, Ponnapalli A, Hussain MS, Kaushal S, Novak J, Chawla S. Direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (DPEJ) and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with jejunal extension (PEG-J) technical success and outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Endosc Int Open 2022; 10:E488-E520. [PMID: 35433212 PMCID: PMC9010104 DOI: 10.1055/a-1774-4736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic methods of delivering uninterrupted feeding to the jejunum include direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (DPEJ) or PEG with jejunal extension (PEG-J), validated from small individual studies. We aim to perform a meta-analysis to assess their effectiveness and safety in a variety of clinical scenarios. Methods Major databases were searched until June 2021. Efficacy outcomes included technical and clinical success, while safety outcomes included adverse events (AEs) and malfunction rates. We assessed heterogeneity using I 2 and classic fail-safe to assess bias. Results 29 studies included 1874 patients (983 males and 809 females); mean age of 60 ± 19 years. Pooled technical and clinical success rates with DPEJ were 86.6 % (CI, 82.1-90.1, I 2 73.1) and 96.9 % (CI, 95.0-98.0, I 2 12.7). The pooled incidence of malfunction, major and minor AEs with DPEJ were 11 %, 5 %, and 15 %. Pooled technical and clinical success for PEG-J were 94.4 % (CI, 85.5-97.9, I 2 33) and 98.7 % (CI, 95.5-99.6, I 2 < 0.001). The pooled incidence of malfunction, major and minor AEs with DPEJ were 24 %, 1 %, and 25 %. Device-assisted DPEJ performed better in altered gastrointestinal anatomy. First and second attempts were 87.6 % and 90.2 %. Conclusions DPEJ and PEG-J are safe and effective procedures placed with high fidelity with comparable outcomes. DPEJ was associated with fewer tube malfunction and failure rates; however, it is technically more complex and not standardized, while PEG-J had higher placement rates. The use of balloon enteroscopy was found to enhance DPEJ performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smit S. Deliwala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan State University at Hurley Medical Center, Flint, Michigan, United States
| | - Saurabh Chandan
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CHI Health Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Anand Kumar
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York, United States
| | - Babu Mohan
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Anoosha Ponnapalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan State University at Hurley Medical Center, Flint, Michigan, United States
| | - Murtaza S. Hussain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan State University at Hurley Medical Center, Flint, Michigan, United States
| | - Sunil Kaushal
- Gastroenterology, Mclaren Health Corporation, Flint, Michigan, United States
| | - Joshua Novak
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Saurabh Chawla
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Nakai Y, Smith Z, Chang KJ, Dua KS. Advanced Endoscopic Techniques for the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer and Management of Biliary and GastricOutlet Obstruction. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2021; 30:639-656. [PMID: 34511187 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Following high-quality imaging studies for staging, endoscopic ultrasound examination fine needle aspiration/biopsy is the preferred modality for tissue diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with metal stent placement is used for palliation of malignant biliary obstruction. Metal stents can be placed in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer in whom surgery is going to be delayed. For palliation of gastric outlet obstruction, endoscopic enteral stenting is often selected because of its less invasiveness. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage for malignant biliary obstruction or gastrojejunostomy for gastric outlet obstruction are emerging less invasive techniques as compared with palliative surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Nakai
- Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zachary Smith
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200, West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kenneth J Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Health Institute, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive, Building 22C, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Kulwinder S Dua
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200, West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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LaPlant MB, Skube ME, Saltzman DA, Acton RD, Segura BJ, Hess DJ. Combined laparoscopic-fluoroscopic technique for primary gastrojejunostomy button tube placement. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:862-865. [PMID: 30583858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrojejunostomy (GJ) tubes are frequently used to provide pediatric enteral nutritional support for pediatric patients. Various placement methods have been described, each with attendant advantages and disadvantages. DESCRIPTION OF THE OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE We present a technique for primary laparoscopic/fluoroscopic GJ button tube placement designed to avoid delay in placement of the jejunal limb, and difficulties associated with endoscopic-assisted and primary fluoroscopic placement. RESULTS There were 52 gastrojejunostomy button tubes placed via this technique in patients ranging from 3.8 to 90.3 kg in weight. Three postoperative complications were identified; one bowel perforation on postoperative day two, and two tube dislodgements within 30 days. CONCLUSION The described technique was uniformly effective and was associated with a low complication rate (5.8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie B LaPlant
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
| | - Mariya E Skube
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Daniel A Saltzman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Robert D Acton
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Bradley J Segura
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Donavon J Hess
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Abstract
Enteral access is the foundation for feeding in patients unable to meet their nutrition needs orally and have a functional gastrointestinal tract. Enteral feeding requires placement of a feeding tube. Tubes can be placed through an orifice or percutaneously into the stomach or proximal small intestine at the bedside or in specialized areas of the hospital. Bedside tubes can be placed by the nurse or the physician, such as in the intensive care unit. Percutaneous feeding tubes are placed by the gastroenterologist, surgeon, or radiologist. This article reviews the types of enteral access and the associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H DeLegge
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; DeLegge Medical, 4057 Longmarsh Road, Awendaw, SC 29429, USA.
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Ruiz RF, Franco MC, Furuya CK, Dos-Santos MEL. Modified technique for percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy placement. Rev Col Bras Cir 2017; 44:413-415. [PMID: 29019546 DOI: 10.1590/0100-69912017004002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The placement of percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy (PEG-J) provides diet delivery beyond the angle of Treitz, and it is associated with decrease of complications related to gastroparesis, such as aspiration pneumonia. There are many different techniques to perform a PEG-J described in the literature, with variable degrees of technical success. In this article, we suggest modifications to the technique of PEG-J placement in order to reduce time of procedure and minimize the risk of technical failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Feitosa Ruiz
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Serviço de Endoscopia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, Serviço de Endoscopia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Maple JT. Direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy in the obese: proceed with caution. Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 67:270-2. [PMID: 18226689 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2007.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
The use of small bowel access for small intestinal delivery of enteral nutrition is becoming more common. Patients at risk for gastric regurgitation and aspiration, gastric intolerance, and pancreatitis are some of the classic patient groups for which small bowel feedings may be necessary. The endoscopist should have command of all forms of endoscopic small bowel enteral access, including nasojejunal tube placement, percutaneous gastro/jejunostomy, and direct percutaneous jejunostomy. Knowledge of not only the procedure techniques, but also the potential complications, is imperative to achieving good clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H DeLegge
- Section of Nutrition, Digestive Disease Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Boujaoudé J, Hobeika E, Nasnas R, Khayat G, Yazbeck P, Sayegh R. Percutaneous endoscopic gastro-duodenostomy: modified technique. GASTROENTEROLOGIE CLINIQUE ET BIOLOGIQUE 2005; 29:505-7. [PMID: 15980742 DOI: 10.1016/s0399-8320(05)82120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Percutaneous endoscopic gastro-jejunostomy is appropriate for patients with severe neurologic deficit to avoid repeated tube feeding-related aspiration. We describe a modified technique of endoscopic gastro-duodenostomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS This technique was performed in 9 patients with severe neurologic deficit. No fluoroscopy was necessary. The gastrostomy button was pushed across the pylorus into the bulb; a nasogastric tube was then placed in the duodenum under endoscopic control and the button was drawn to the gastric wall. When the gastroduodenal tube migrated or was occluded, the button was placed in the bulb through the pylorus and maintained in this position for alimentation. RESULTS Placement of the gastro-duodenostomy tube was successful without any complication in 100% of patients. The mean duration of the procedure was 15 min. The tube had to be removed for migration (N = 4) and occlusion (N = 5) after a mean period of 5.8 weeks (range: 2-10). During the follow-up period, no tube feeding-related aspiration was observed. CONCLUSION This modified low-cost technique of endoscopic gastro-duodenostomy is simple and efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Boujaoudé
- Service de Gastroentérologie, Hôtel Dieu de France, Université Saint Joseph, Beyrouth Liban.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Jejunostomy tubes can be placed endoscopically by means of percutaneous gastrostomy with jejunal extension (PEG-J) or by direct percutaneous jejunostomy. These 2 techniques were retrospectively compared in patients requiring long-term jejunal feeding. METHOD An endoscopy database was used to identify all patients who underwent endoscopic jejunal feeding tube placement from January 1996 to May 2001. Patients with a history of upper GI surgery were excluded. There were 56 patients with a direct percutaneous jejunostomy and 49 with a percutaneous gastrostomy with jejunal extension. Patients in the direct percutaneous jejunostomy group received a 20F direct jejunostomy tube; a 20F PEG tube with a 9F jejunal extension was used in the percutaneous gastrostomy with jejunal extension group. Medical records for the period of 6 months after establishment of jejunal access were reviewed. Complications and need for further endoscopic intervention within this time frame were recorded. The duration of feeding tube patency (number of days from established jejunal access to first endoscopic reintervention) was compared for both groups. RESULTS Feeding tube patency was significantly longer in patients who had a direct percutaneous jejunostomy compared with those with a percutaneous gastrostomy with jejunal extension. Within the 6-month period, 5 patients with a direct percutaneous jejunostomy required endoscopic reintervention for tube dysfunction compared with 19 patients who had a percutaneous gastrostomy with jejunal extension (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS For patients who require long-term jejunal feeding, a direct percutaneous jejunostomy with a 20F tube provides more stable jejunal access compared with a percutaneous gastrostomy with jejunal extension with a 9F extension and has a lower associated rate of endoscopic reintervention.
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