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Çalbiyik M, Zehir S, Demirezen MO. Comparison of radiological and functional results in osteoporotic distal femur fractures operated with single plating, lateral incision, and double plating, anterior paramedial incision: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36904. [PMID: 38306559 PMCID: PMC10843363 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment of osteoporotic distal femur fractures is often complicated by a high rate of nonunion and varus collapse. For such fractures, lateral plating with lateral incision and double plating with anterior paramedial incision have shown promising results in the recent literature. The hypothesis of this study was that bilateral plating of comminuted distal femur fractures in osteoporotic patients would result in higher union rates and lower revision rates compared to an isolated lateral locking plate. The study included 56 patients (23 males, 33 females) with supracondylar femur fracture. According to the OA/OTA classification, 9 were type A3, 8 were A2, 13 were C1, 16 were C2, and 10 were C3. The mean follow-up period was 12 months, with 29 patients treated using lateral mini-incision, lateral locking plate, and 27 patients treated with anterior paramedial incision, dual plating. The clinical and radiological results were evaluated. The mean duration of radiological union in the studied population was 15 ± 2.1 months (range, 11-21 months) in the single plate group (Group A), and 13.5 ± 2.6 months (range, 9-19 months) in the double plate group (Group B). Mean ROM was 112.3° and flexion contracture 4° in Group A, and ROM 108.3° and flexion contracture 6.7° in Group B. (P = .15). The average Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score was 85.6 points in Group A and 83.5 points in Group B (P = .2278). The postoperative anteversion measurement in the operated extremity ranged from -15 to 19 in Group A, and from 5 to 18 in Group B. When the anteversion degrees were compared between the injured and uninjured extremities in the postoperative period, a significant difference was observed within Group A (P = .0018), but no significant difference was observed in Group B (P = .2492). Dual plate fixation using the anterior paramedial approach is an effective operative method for osteoporotic distal femur fractures. This has many advantages such as precise exposure, easy manipulation, anatomic reduction, and stable fixation. However, for surgical indications and medial bone defects > 1 cm, grafting should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Çalbiyik
- Hitit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Corum, Turkey
| | - Sinan Zehir
- Hitit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Corum, Turkey
| | - Murat Okan Demirezen
- Hitit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Corum, Turkey
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Gavaskar AS, Tummala NC, Reddy CR, Gopalan H, Srinivasan P. What Is the Likelihood of Union and Frequency of Complications After Parallel Plating and Supplemental Bone Grafting for Resistant Distal Femoral Nonunions? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2024; 482:362-372. [PMID: 37638842 PMCID: PMC10776157 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of resistant distal femur nonunions is challenging because patients not only have disability from an unhealed fracture, but also often have a shortened femur, stiff knee, deformities, and bone defects to address during revision surgery. Dual plating of the distal femur in such a setting can maintain stability that allows the nonunion to heal while also addressing bone defects and correcting deformities simultaneously. Dual-plating techniques that have been described lack standardization with regard to the size and type of medial-side implants and configuration of the dual-plate construct. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) What proportion of patients achieve radiologic evidence of union after parallel plating of resistant distal femoral nonunions? (2) What improvements in function are achieved with this approach, as assessed by improvements in femoral length discrepancy, knee flexion, and patient-reported outcome scores? (3) What complications are associated with the technique? METHODS Between 2017 and 2020, the senior author of this study treated 38 patients with resistant distal femoral nonunions, defined here as nonunions that persisted for more than 12 months since the injury despite a minimum of two previous internal fixation procedures. During the study period, our preferred technique for treating aseptic, resistant distal femoral nonunions was to use dual plates in a parallel configuration augmented with autografts. Of 38 patients, three patients with active signs of infection who underwent resection and reconstruction using bone transport techniques and two patients older than 65 years with deficient distal femur bone stock who underwent endoprosthetic reconstruction were excluded. Of the 33 included patients, 67% (22 of 33) were male. The median age was 40 years (range 20 to 67 years). Nonunion was articular and metaphyseal in 13 patients and metaphyseal only in 20 patients. Our surgical approach was to remove existing implants, perform intraoperative culturing to rule out infection, debride the nonunion, correct the deformity, perform intra-articular and extra-articular lysis of adhesions with quadriceps release, and apply fixation using medial and lateral fixed-angle anatomic locked implants positioned in a parallel configuration. Every attempt to improve length was undertaken, and the defects were filled with autografts. A total of 97% of patients were followed until union occurred (one of 33 was lost to follow-up before union was documented), and 79% (26 of 33) were assessed for functional outcomes at a minimum of 2 years (median 38 months [range 25 to 60 months]) after excluding patients lost to follow-up and those in whom union did not occur after parallel plating. Union was defined as evidence of central trabecular bridging on AP radiographs and posterior cortical bridging on lateral radiographs. These radiologic criteria were defined to overcome difficulties in assessing radiologic healing in patients with lateral and medial plates. With parallel plating, bridging trabecular bone along the posterior cortex on lateral radiographs and the central region on AP radiographs is visualized and can be appreciated and interpreted as evidence of healing in two orthogonal planes. Preoperative and follow-up clinical assessment of knee ROM, the extent of femoral length correction based on calibrated femoral radiographs before and after surgery, and the evaluation of improvement in lower limb function based on the preoperative and follow-up differences in responses to the lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) were studied (the LEFS is scored from 0 to 80, with higher scores representing better function). Complications and secondary surgical procedures to address them were abstracted from a longitudinally maintained trauma database. RESULTS Sixty-seven percent (22 of 33) of nonunions showed radiologic healing by 24 weeks, and another 24% (eight of 33) healed by 36 weeks. Six percent (two of 33) did not unite, and one patient was lost to follow-up before union was documented. In the 79% (26 of 33) of patients available for final functional outcome assessment, the median femoral shortening had improved from 2.4 cm (range 0 to 4 cm) to 1.1 cm (range 0 to 2.3 cm; p < 0.001), and the median knee ROM had improved from 70° (range 20° to 110°) to 100° (range 50° to 130°; p = 0.002) after surgery. The median LEFS score improved to 63 (range 41 to 78) compared with 22 (range 15 to 33; p < 0.001) before surgery. Serious complications, including major thromboembolic events, iliac graft site infection, knee stiffness (flexion < 60°), and medial plate impingement necessitating removal, were seen in 30% (10 of 33) of patients. Secondary surgical interventions were performed in 24% (eight of 33) of patients to address procedure-related complications. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, a high likelihood of union and improvements in knee and lower limb function can be expected with parallel plating of resistant distal femur nonunions using anatomic locked plates. However, the increased frequency of complications observed in our study suggests the need for improvements in dual-plating techniques and to explore possible alternative fixation methods through larger multicenter comparative studies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, therapeutic study.
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Zhang JH, Liu H, Cai TY, Lin YZ, Wu J. Resistant distal femoral nonunion treated with combined nail/plate construct and reamer-irrigator-aspirator technique. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231187945. [PMID: 37498625 PMCID: PMC10387779 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231187945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of intramedullary nailing and a lateral locking plate combined with the reamer-irrigator-aspirator (RIA) bone grafting technique for resistant distal femoral nonunion. METHODS This retrospective observational study was performed from January 2018 to December 2021 and involved five patients who presented with resistant distal femoral nonunion despite undergoing several surgeries. They were treated with intramedullary nailing and a lateral locking plate combined with the RIA bone grafting technique. Postoperative follow-up was performed to observe the healing time, and functional outcomes were evaluated using the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS). RESULTS After the patients had been monitored for a mean of 17.9 months, complete bone healing was observed in every patient (mean healing time of 4.8 months). Postoperative wound failure in an older patient was successfully treated with resuturing and nutritional assistance. At the last follow-up, the mean LEFS score was 71.2/80 and the mean knee flexion was 109 degrees. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that combining intramedullary nailing and a lateral locking plate with the RIA bone grafting technique enhances biological properties, provides good structural support, and achieves good union and functional results in the management of resistant nonunion of the distal femur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the 909th Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the 909th Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Tao-Yi Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, the 909th Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, the 909th Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the 909th Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
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Poelmann J, Kloen P. Modified use of the proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) plate for distal femoral nonunions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY & TRAUMATOLOGY : ORTHOPEDIE TRAUMATOLOGIE 2023; 33:425-433. [PMID: 35061100 PMCID: PMC9930358 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-022-03203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonunion is a common complication after a distal femoral fracture (DFF). Standard treatment consists of revision plating and/or bone grafting. Single lateral plating for a distal femoral nonunion can be insufficient in case of a persistent medial gap and compromised bone stock. Alternatively, dual plating can be used to treat a distal femoral nonunion, but to date there is no Gold standard. The aim of our study was to report our results after use of a minimally invasively placed proximal humeral internal locking system (Philos) plate as a medial buttress in the treatment of a distal femoral nonunion. METHODS Fifteen adult patients with a distal femoral nonunion were prospectively entered in a trauma database and retrospectively assessed. All patients underwent a similar operation, which included removal of failed hardware, nonunion debridement, fixation with a lateral plate, and a medial Philos plate combined with bone grafting. Data collected included union rate, time to union, complications and functional outcome. RESULTS In twelve out of fifteen patients (80%), the fracture united after our index operation. Median time to union was 4.8 months (range 1.6-15). Three patients (20%) needed additional bone grafting surgery. One patient underwent a Judet quadricepsplasty. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the Philos plate is a safe and effective adjunct as a medial buttress plate for distal femoral nonunions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josje Poelmann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Meiberdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Kloen
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Meiberdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ The Netherlands
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van Trikt CH, Donders JCE, Klinger CE, Wellman DS, Helfet DL, Kloen P. Operative treatment of nonunions in the elderly: Clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients at minimum 75 years of age. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:985. [PMID: 36539691 PMCID: PMC9764700 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information exists on nonunion treatment in the elderly. This retrospective study evaluates whether results of operative treatment of nonunion of the humerus or femur in patients aged ≥ 75 years are comparable to those in younger patients. METHODS We identified patients age ≥ 75 years with a nonunion of humerus or femur treated with open reduction and internal fixation. The Non-Union Scoring System was calculated. Complications, clinical outcome, and radiographic findings were assessed. Primary endpoint was nonunion healing. A literature review compared time to healing of humeral and femoral nonunion in younger populations. RESULTS We identified 45 patients treated for a nonunion of humerus or femur with > 12 months follow-up. Median age was 79 years (range 75-96). Median time to presentation was 12 months (range 4-127) after injury, median number of prior surgeries was 1 (range 0-4). Union rate was 100%, with median time to union 6 months (range 2-42). Six patients underwent revision for persistent nonunion and healed without further complications. CONCLUSIONS Using a protocol of debridement, alignment, compression, stable fixation, bone grafting and early motion, patients aged 75 years or older can reliably achieve healing when faced with a nonunion of the humerus or femur. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton H. van Trikt
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna C. E. Donders
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Craig E. Klinger
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XOrthopaedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery and New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - David S. Wellman
- grid.260917.b0000 0001 0728 151XOrthopaedic Trauma Service, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY USA
| | - David L. Helfet
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XOrthopaedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery and New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Peter Kloen
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Rajasekaran RB, Jayaramaraju D, Palanisami DR, Agraharam D, Thippeswamy PB, Rajasekaran S. Role of impaction bone grafting of allografts in the management of benign lesions of the proximal femur. J Orthop 2022; 34:189-195. [PMID: 36104992 PMCID: PMC9465316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of study The use of allografts to reconstruct benign lesions of the proximal femur after curettage has seldom been reported. We report our experience of impaction bone grafting of only allografts combined with osteosynthesis to manage benign lesions involving the proximal femur. Materials and methods Between 2013 and 2019, 35 patients of a mean age of 23.8 years (14-41) who had a biopsy proven benign pathology and a median pre-operative Mirels' score of 9 (8-11) were managed using extended curettage, impaction bone grafting of allografts combined with osteosynthesis through a lateral approach. Radiographs were assessed to see for any recurrence at follow-ups, and functional outcomes were assessed using Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) score and Harris hip score (HHS). Results At a mean follow-up was 41.5 months (23-80), patients demonstrated favorable functional outcomes with a mean MSTS of 28.3 (18-30) and a mean HHS of 94.3 (66-100) at the last follow-up. Two cases (GCT = 1; fibrous dysplasia = 1) had a recurrence of disease. Allografts demonstrated a particular integration pattern on radiographs that involved an intermediate period of lucency followed by consolidation and integration with the parent bone. Conclusion Impaction grafting of allografts in benign lesions of the proximal femur allows adequate bony consolidation of the cavity after extended curettage and can be effectively used as a permanent solution to manage such lesions in most cases. The intermediate period of lucency seen on radiographs must not be confused for recurrence, and patients must be followed up continuously. Study design Retrospective Case Series. Level of evidence Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Bhaskara Rajasekaran
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Dheenadhayalan Jayaramaraju
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Dhanasekara Raja Palanisami
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Devendra Agraharam
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Pushpa Bhari Thippeswamy
- Department of Radiology, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Shanmuganathan Rajasekaran
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
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Mukhopadhaya J, Ranjan R, Sinha AK, Bhadani JS. The Management of Aseptic Non-unions of Distal Femur Fractures with Anatomical Lateral Locking Plates. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2022; 17:137-143. [PMID: 36756289 PMCID: PMC9886028 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10080-1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Distal femoral non-unions are challenging, and frequently associated with short distal fragments, poor bone stock, and with issues from previous implants. Materials and methods A retrospective study of 31 patients admitted with distal femoral non-unions treated using anatomical lateral locking plates. Non-union scores were used. The Knee Society and Neer's scores were used for the comparison of results. The mean follow-up was 39.5 months (from 24 months to 60 months). Results Stable union was accomplished in all. There was a significant improvement in the average Neer's score (24 preoperative to 82 post-operatively at final follow-up), the Part 1 Knee Society score from an average of 46 preoperatively to 84 post-operatively, and Part 2 Knee Society score from 36 preoperatively to 80 post-operatively. Conclusion Optimal stability, good compression at the non-union site (either by lag screws or a compression device or both), maintaining the axial alignment strictly, freshening of bone ends, using an adequate amount of cortico-cancellous bone graft, respecting the biology along with the correct choice of the implant (including the size) are essential to achieve union at the fracture site. Clinical significance Paying attention to the basic principles of management, good contact, stability and maintaining biology is essential in the treatment of non-union. How to cite this article Mukhopadhaya J, Ranjan R, Sinha AK, et al. The Management of Aseptic Non-unions of Distal Femur Fractures with Anatomical Lateral Locking Plates. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2022;17(3):137-143.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mukhopadhaya
- Department of Orthopaedics, Paras HMRI Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Rajeev Ranjan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Paras HMRI Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Amit Kumar Sinha
- Department of Orthopaedics, Paras HMRI Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
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Wu S, Quan K, Mei J, Dai M, Song S. Cortical allograft strut augmented with platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of long bone non-union in lower limb- a pilot study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:512. [PMID: 35637466 PMCID: PMC9150336 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The autogenous iliac bone graft is the first choice of surgical treatment for long bone non-union. However, many factors limit the use of autogenous bone, such as insufficient bone harvest and complications in the donor site. This study aimed to pilot-test the effectiveness of the cortical allograft strut augmented with Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on long bone non-union in the lower limb. Method This study was a one-armed pilot trial, with thirteen men and four women patients scheduled for surgery. Revision surgery for managing long bone non-union included debridement, internal fixation of the cortical allograft strut, and adding PRP in the fracture site. After surgery, outcome measurements of healing rate, healing time, the incidence of revision, and complications, were assessed at least one-year follow-up. Results Fourteen of seventeen participants completed all follow-ups. The mean age of 14 patients was 35.9 years (range, 18–56 years), and the mean BMI was 22.44 ± 1.53 kg/m2. All nonunions united after the operation. The mean healing time was 4.6 ± 0.7 months. There was no revision or complication. Conclusion Cortical allograft strut augmented with PRP led to healing long bone non-union in the lower limb. More clinical research is required before widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 YiShan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Kun Quan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiong Mei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 YiShan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sa Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 YiShan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Thippeswamy PB, Nedunchelian M, Rajasekaran RB, Riley D, Khatkar H, Rajasekaran S. Updates in postoperative imaging modalities following musculoskeletal surgery. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2021; 22:101616. [PMID: 34660193 PMCID: PMC8502706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.101616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative imaging following orthopaedic surgeries is essential in assessing complications post-surgery and also helps plan further treatment. Combining a high degree of clinical insight with appropriate imaging can guide the treating clinician to the correct diagnosis. Imaging is quite challenging because of surgery-related soft tissue changes, especially in the early postoperative period and the presence of metal implants resulting in image scatter and metal artifacts. Newer modalities and advances in imaging have helped overcome shortcomings and assess better, especially in procedures that involve implants. Collaborative decision-making involving radiologists and clinicians has shown to be beneficial and is the way forward. This narrative review discusses the utility of imaging in evaluating postoperative complications following musculoskeletal surgeries with specific relation to trauma, arthroplasty, and tumour by discussing commonly encountered clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Bhari Thippeswamy
- Department of Radiology, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Meena Nedunchelian
- Department of Radiology, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Raja Bhaskara Rajasekaran
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science (NDORMS), Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
- Corresponding author. 17, Horwood Close, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7RF, UK.
| | - Dylan Riley
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science (NDORMS), Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Harman Khatkar
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science (NDORMS), Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Shanmuganathan Rajasekaran
- Department of Orthopaedics & Spine Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
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Abstract
The reported levels of non-union in the lateral locking plate differ widely, with some early studies showing rates of less than 6% and up to 17%-21% in more recent studies. We report a case where better results were shown by a non-union treated with distal femoral nailing with allogenic grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Vellingiri
- Orthopaedics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, IND
| | - Nagakumar J S
- Orthopaedics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, IND
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Toro G, Di Fino C, De Cicco A, Toro G, Paoletta M, Toro A, Tarantino U, Iolascon G, Panni AS. Atypical periprosthetic femoral fractures of the hip: characterisation of three cases. Hip Int 2020; 30:77-85. [PMID: 33267685 DOI: 10.1177/1120700020971726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long-term use of bisphosphonates (BPs) has been associated with a specific type of tensile side femoral stress fracture known as Atypical Femoral Fracture (AFF). Theoretically periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFF) should be excluded from the diagnosis of AFF. However, emerging evidence correlates prolonged BPs use with the occurrence of a type of PFF with an atypical pattern (atypical PFF, APFF). The aim of the present study is to report 3 cases of APFF treated at a single centre. METHODS Clinical and radiographic records of PFF that occurred between January 2016 and August 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients meeting the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) criteria for definition of PFF were included. Management strategies for APFF and patient outcomes, including fracture healing and hip function (assessed by the Oxford Hip Score [OHS]) were collected. RESULTS 3 patients in the study period were identified as APFF (1 incomplete, 2 complete). All patients were females with a mean age of 83.3 years. All patients were treated with lateral plating. The application of a contralateral strut allograft resulted in fracture healing in cases of complete fractures. Mean OHS at final follow-up was 34.3. CONCLUSIONS Despite occurring around a hip stem like PFF, APFF had peculiar clinical and radiographic features, making them more similar to AFF. Therefore, the orthopaedic surgeon should also consider the natural history and healing problems associated with AFF prior in order to choose the most appropriate management for APFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Toro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ciro Di Fino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Cicco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marco Paoletta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Toro
- Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, "Martiri del Villa Malta" Hospital, Sarno, Italy
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Schiavone Panni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Rollick NC, Gadinsky NE, Klinger CE, Kubik JF, Dyke JP, Helfet DL, Wellman DS. The effects of dual plating on the vascularity of the distal femur. Bone Joint J 2020; 102-B:530-538. [PMID: 32228080 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.102b4.bjj-2019-1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dual plating of distal femoral fractures with medial and lateral implants has been performed to improve construct mechanics and alignment, in cases where isolated lateral plating would be insufficient. This may potentially compromise vascularity, paradoxically impairing healing. This study investigates effects of single versus dual plating on distal femoral vascularity. METHODS A total of eight cadaveric lower limb pairs were arbitrarily assigned to either 1) isolated lateral plating, or 2) lateral and medial plating of the distal femur, with four specimens per group. Contralateral limbs served as matched controls. Pre- and post-contrast MRI was performed to quantify signal intensity enhancement in the distal femur. Further evaluation of intraosseous vascularity was done with barium sulphate infusion with CT scan imaging. Specimens were then injected with latex medium and dissection was completed to assess extraosseous vasculature. RESULTS Quantitative MRI revealed a mean reduction of 21.2% (SD 1.3%) of arterial contribution in the lateral plating group and 25.4% (SD 3.2%) in the dual plating group (p = 0.051); representing a mean decrease in arterial contribution of 4.2%. The only significant difference found between both experimental groups was regionally, at the lateral aspect of the distal femur with a mean drop in arterial contribution in the lateral plating group of 18.9% (SD 2.6%) versus 24.0% (SD 3.2%) in the dual plating group (p = 0.048), representing a mean decrease in arterial contribution of 5.1%. Gross dissection revealed complete destruction of periosteal vessels underneath either medial or lateral plates in both groups. The network of genicular branches contributing to the posterior and distal femoral condyles was preserved in all specimens. A medial vascular pedicle was found dividing from the superficial femoral artery at a mean 12.7 cm (SD 1.7) proximal to the medial epicondyle and was undisrupted in the dual plating group. CONCLUSION Lateral locking-plate application resulted in mean 21.2% reduction in distal femur vascularity. Addition of medial plates did not further markedly decrease vascularity. As such, the majority of the vascular insult occurred with lateral plating alone. Supplemental medially based fixation did not lead to marked devascularization of the distal femur, and should therefore be considered in the setting of comminution and poor bone stock in distal femoral fractures. Further clinical research is required to confirm the results of this study. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(4):530-538.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Rollick
- Orthopaedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Naomi E Gadinsky
- Orthopaedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Craig E Klinger
- Orthopaedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeremy F Kubik
- Orthopaedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan P Dyke
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - David L Helfet
- Orthopaedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - David S Wellman
- Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
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Yu YH, Lee D, Hsu YH, Chou YC, Ueng SW, Chen CK, Liu SJ. A Three-Dimensional Printed Polycaprolactone Scaffold Combined with Co-Axially Electrospun Vancomycin/Ceftazidime/Bone Morphological Protein-2 Sheath-Core Nanofibers for the Repair of Segmental Bone Defects During the Masquelet Procedure. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:913-925. [PMID: 32103946 PMCID: PMC7027567 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s238478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Masquelet proposed a new solution for the healing of segmental bone defects, thus minimizing the disadvantages associated with traditional bone grafting. However, a major factor leading to the failure of this technique pertains to be the residual infection. Accordingly, we developed an antibiotic- and osteo-inductive agent-loaded composite scaffold to solve this problem. Methods A mesh-like polycaprolactone scaffold was prepared using a lab-exploited solution-type three-dimensional printer, and hybrid sheath-core structured poly(lactic-co-glycolic-acid) nanofibers were fabricated using co-axial electrospinning technology. Vancomycin, ceftazidime, and bone morphological protein (BMP)-2 were employed. The in vitro and in vivo (rabbit fracture model) release patterns of applied agents from the composite scaffold were investigated. Results The results revealed that the drug-eluting composite scaffold enabled the sustainable release of the medications for at least 30 days in vitro. Animal tests demonstrated that a high concentration of medications was maintained. Abundant growth factors were induced within the bioactive membrane stimulated by the applied scaffold. Finally, satisfactory bone healing potential was observed on radiological examination and biomechanical evaluation. Discussion The developed composite scaffold may facilitate bone healing by inducing bioactive membrane formation and yielding high concentrations of antibiotics and BMP-2 during the Masquelet procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsun Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Demei Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Heng Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chao Chou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Steve Wn Ueng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Kang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Jayaramaraju D, Venkataramani H, Rajasekaran RB, Agraharam D, Sabapathy SR, Rajasekaran S. Modified Capanna's Technique (Vascularized Free Fibula Combined with Allograft) as a Single-Stage Procedure in Post-traumatic Long-Segment Defects of the Lower End of the Femur: Outcome Analysis of a Series of 19 Patients with an Average Gap of 14 cm. Indian J Plast Surg 2019; 52:296-303. [PMID: 31908367 PMCID: PMC6938445 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
Salvage and reconstruction of posttraumatic defects of the long bone are complex due to the multiple procedures involved and increased chances of poor outcomes. We present the outcomes of the modified Capanna’s technique—a reliable single-stage procedure of combining allograft and free vascularized fibular graft—in treating large posttraumatic bone defects in the distal third of the femur.
Study Design
This is a retrospective analysis.
Materials and Methods
Between April 2012 and September 2016, 19 patients with an average age of 33.8 years (range: 18–49 years) and an average defect of 14.5 cm (range: 9.5–20 cm) in the distal femur were managed by the modified Capanna’s technique. Bone union time and functional outcome using lower extremity functional score (LEFS) after union were noted.
Outcomes and Results
Eighteen grafts went onto achieve bony union at an average of 6.6 months (range: 5–9), with an average knee flexion of 80 degrees (range: 45–110 degrees) and an average LEFS of 63 (range: 46–72). One patient had a nonunion with graft resorption at 8 months following persistent infection and was revised with debridement and augmenting the vascularized fibula from the other leg which went on to achieve union. Three patients had superficial infection, and three patients had delayed union.
Conclusion
The modified Capanna’s technique provided increased biology and enhanced structural stability and therefore is a good single-stage procedure in the reconstruction of posttraumatic long-segment defects of the distal femur.
Level of Evidence
Level 4.
Level of Clinical Care
Level I tertiary trauma center.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hari Venkataramani
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospitals, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raja Bhaskara Rajasekaran
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devendra Agraharam
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmuganathan Raja Sabapathy
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospitals, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhang W, Zhang Z, Chen H. [Research progress of augmentation plate for femoral shaft nonunion after intramedullary nail fixation]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2019; 33:1467-1473. [PMID: 31823542 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201903073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective To review the history, current situation, and progress of augmentation plate (AP) for femoral shaft nonunion after intramedullary nail fixation. Methods The results of the clinical studies about the AP in treatment of femoral shaft nonunion after intramedullary nail fixation in recent years were widely reviewed and analyzed. Results The AP has been successfully applied to femoral shaft nonunion after intramedullary nail fixation since 1997. According to breakage of the previous nailing, AP is divided into two categories: AP with retaining the previous intramedullary nail and AP with exchanging intramedullary nail. AP is not only suitable for simple nonunion, but also for complex nonunion with severe deformity. Compared with exchanging intramedullary nail, lateral plate, and dual plate, AP has less surgical trauma, shorter healing time, higher healing rate, and faster returning to society. However, there are still some problems with the revision method, including difficulty in bicortical screw fixation, lack of anatomic plate suitable for femoral shaft nonunion, and lack of postoperative function and quality of life assessment. Conclusion Compared with other revision methods, AP could achieve higher fracture healing rate and better clinical prognosis for patients with femoral shaft nonunion. However, whether patients benefit from AP in terms of function and quality of life remain uncertain. Furthermore, high-quality randomized controlled clinical studies are needed to further confirm that AP are superior to the other revision fixations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, P.R.China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, P.R.China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853,
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Rajasekaran RB, Palanisami DR, Natesan R, Jayaramaraju D, Rajasekaran S. Megaprosthesis in distal femur nonunions in elderly patients-experience from twenty four cases. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2019; 44:677-684. [PMID: 31392494 PMCID: PMC7224092 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-019-04383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of the study To evaluate the outcomes and complications using cemented megaprosthesis in elderly patients with distal femur nonunions (DFN). Materials and methods Between 2012 and 2016, 24 patients of DFN with an average age of 71.8 years (66–83) and an average 1.9(1–3) prior surgery was managed with distal femur replacement using cemented modular endoprosthesis. Outcomes were analysed on the following criteria: implant status, complications, knee range of motion, Knee Society Score (KSS) and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score. Results All patients were extremely satisfied with their outcomes. At an average 22.1 months (10–43) follow-up, patients had an average 69.5° (40°-110°) knee flexion, an average KSS of 75.7 (63–88) and an average MSTS score of 19.3 (17–25). Four patients died at an average 21.3 months after surgery due to causes unrelated to the fracture. One patient (4.1%) had implant-related complication; deep infection which required debridement and intravenous antibiotics. There were no late amputations or peri-operative deaths and no patient had aseptic loosening of components. Conclusion By permitting immediate full weight-bearing ambulation and with most patients returning to an acceptable functional status, cemented megaprosthesis is a viable and useful single-stage management option in elderly patients with DFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Bhaskara Rajasekaran
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India.
| | - Dhanasekara Raja Palanisami
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rajkumar Natesan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Dheenadhayalan Jayaramaraju
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Shanmuganathan Rajasekaran
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
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Locking plate fixation versus antegrade intramedullary nailing for the treatment of extra-articular distal femoral fractures. Injury 2019; 50 Suppl 3:55-62. [PMID: 31378542 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current study aimed to retrospectively analyze locked plating (LP) and antegrade intramedullary nailing (AIN) for the treatment of extra-articular distal femoral fractures. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 2000 and March 2015, 97 patients (49 male, 48 female) underwent surgery for extra-articular distal femoral fractures in our clinic. Patients were grouped based on their method of treatment (69 (71.1%) with locked plate (LP group) and 28 (28.9%) with antegrade intramedullary nailing (AIN group)), and the groups were analyzed with regards to fracture types, associated trauma, hospital stay, Injury Severity Score (ISS), nonunion, reoperation rate and Lysholm Functional Knee Score. RESULTS The LP and AIN groups had no significant differences with regards to age and gender. Sixteen patients (16.4%) experienced nonunion; all of these (5 (5.1%) in the AIN group and 11 (11.3%) in the LP group) required a secondary procedure (p = 0.773). ISS was significantly higher in the AIN group (p = 0.033). There were no significant differences between the two groups with regards to hardware failure, postoperative malreduction, reoperation rate, deep infection, and nonunion. However, the AIN group (mean 88) had a significantly higher Lysholm Functional Knee Score than the LP group (mean 75.9) (p = 0.019). CONCLUSION In our study we encountered less nonunion in AIN group. Both fixation methods offer good results; however, functional outcomes in the AIN group were significantly better than those in the LP group.
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Rajasekaran RB, Jayaramaraju D, Palanisami DR, Agraharam D, Perumal R, Kamal A, Rajasekaran S. A surgical algorithm for the management of recalcitrant distal femur nonunions based on distal femoral bone stock, fracture alignment, medial void, and stability of fixation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2019; 139:1057-1068. [PMID: 30895463 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-019-03172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recalcitrant distal femur nonunions (RDFN) are a challenge in management due to factors including poor bone stock, multiple surgeries, metaphyseal bone loss, and joint contractures. There are no specific guidelines in the management of cases of RDFN. Based on our experience, we devised an algorithm and we present the results of 62 cases of RDFN managed following it. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our algorithm was formulated after analyzing 34 cases of RDFN and it involved four factors which were hypothesized to influence outcomes namely: distal femoral bone stock, extent of medial void, alignment of the fracture, and stability of fixation. Each factor was addressed specifically to achieve a good outcome. Between 2012 and 2015, 62 patients with RDFN at a mean age of 47.4 years (26-73) and 2.3 prior surgeries (2-6) were managed following the algorithm. INTERVENTION 58 patients required revision osteosynthesis to improve alignment and achieve a stable fixation. 4 elderly patients with poor bone stock were managed with arthroplasty. Extent of medial void was found to significantly influence surgical decision making. Five patients without medial void required only cancellous autograft bone grafting, 47 patients with < 2 cm void were treated with an allograft fibular strut inserted in the metaphysis and 6 patients with a void > 2 cm were managed with medial plating. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS 57 patients treated with osteosynthesis achieved union at an average of 7.4 months (6-11) and the 4 patients managed with arthroplasty also had a favourable outcome. One patient who was managed with revision osteosynthesis had a nonunion with an implant failure and needed an arthroplasty procedure. The average LEFS (lower extremity functional score) of all our patients was 67 (51-76) at an average follow-up of 18.2 months (12-33). CONCLUSION Our stepwise surgical algorithm would help surgeons to identify the factors that need to be addressed and guide them towards the interventions that are necessary to achieve a successful outcome while managing cases of RDFN. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III. LEVEL OF CLINICAL CARE Level I Tertiary trauma centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Bhaskara Rajasekaran
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India.
| | - Dheenadhayalan Jayaramaraju
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Dhanasekara Raja Palanisami
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Devendra Agraharam
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ramesh Perumal
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Arun Kamal
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Shanmuganathan Rajasekaran
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
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Douras P, Tosounidis T, Giannoudis PV. Application of the 'diamond concept' with fast bone marrow aspirate concentration for the treatment of medial malleolus non-union. Injury 2018; 49:2326-2330. [PMID: 30526927 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Douras
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Theodoros Tosounidis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Center, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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