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de Souza ICA, Santana SDS, Gómez JG, Guedes GP, Madureira J, Quintal SMDO, Lanznaster M. Investigation of cobalt(III)-phenylalanine complexes for hypoxia-activated drug delivery. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:16425-16439. [PMID: 32692333 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01389g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Four cobalt(iii)-phenylalanine complexes, [Co(Phe)(py2en)](ClO4)2·H2O (1), [Co(Phe)(TPA)](ClO4)2·H2O (2), [Co(Phe)(py2enMe2)](ClO4)2·H2O (3) and [Co(bipy)2(Phe)](ClO4)2·H2O (4), were investigated as prototype models for hypoxia-activated delivery of melphalan - a phenylalanine derivative anticancer drug of the class of nitrogen mustards. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis provided the molecular structures of 1-4, as a single isomer/conformer. According with NMR and theoretical calculations, the solid-state structures of 2 and 4 are maintained in solutions. For complexes 1 and 3, though, a mixture of isomers was found in DMSO solutions: Λ-cisα(exo,exo) and Δ-cisβ1(exo,exo) for 1 (3 : 2 ratio), and Λ-cisα(exo,exo) and Δ-cisα(exo,exo) for 3 (5 : 1 ratio). Theoretical calculations point to a re-equilibration reaction of the solid-state Λ-cisβ1 isomer of 1 in solution. Electrochemical analysis revealed a correlation between the electron-donor capacity of the ancillary ligands and the redox potentials of the complexes. The potentials varied from +0.01 for 1 to +0.31 V vs. SHE for 4 in aqueous media and indicate that reduction should be achieved in biological media. The integrity of the complexes in pH 5.5 and 7.4 buffered solutions was confirmed by UV-Vis monitoring up to 24 h at 25 °C. Reduction by ascorbic acid (AA) shows an O2-dependent dissociation of the l-Phe for complexes 1-3, with higher conversion rates at pH 7.4. For complex 4, a fast dissociation of l-Phe was observed, with conversion rates unaffected by the pH and presence of O2.
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Dos Santos ER, Graminha AE, Schultz MS, Correia I, Selistre-de-Araújo HS, Corrêa RS, Ellena J, Lacerda EDPS, Pessoa JC, Batista AA. Cytotoxic activity and structural features of Ru(II)/phosphine/amino acid complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 182:48-60. [PMID: 29433005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen new ruthenium amino acid complexes were synthesized and characterized. They were obtained by the reaction of α-amino acids (AA) with [RuCl2(P-P)(N-N)], where P-P=1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb) or 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp) and N-N=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (4'-Mebipy), 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (5'-Mebipy) or 4,4'-Methoxy-2-2'-bipyridine (4'-MeObipy). This afforded a family of complexes formulated as [Ru(AA-H)(P-P)(N-N)]PF6, where AA=glycine (Gly), L-alanine (Ala), L-valine (Val), L-tyrosine (Tyr), L-tryptophan (Trp), L-histidine (His) and L-methionine (Met). All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. The [Ru(AA-H)(P-P)(N-N)]PF6 complexes are octahedral (the AA-H ligand binding involves N-amine and O-carboxylate), diamagnetic (low-spin d6, S=0) and present bands due to electronic transitions in the visible region. 1H, 13C{1H} and 31P{1H} NMR spectra of the complexes indicate the presence of C2 symmetry, and the identification of diastereoisomers. In vitro cytotoxicity assays of the compounds and cisplatin were carried out using MDA-MB-231 (human breast) tumor cell line and a non-tumor breast cell line (MCF-10A). Most complexes present promising results with IC50 values comparable with the reference drug cisplatin and high selectivity indexes were found for the complexes containing L-Trp. The binding of two Ru-precursors of the type [RuCl2(dppb)(NN)] (N-N=4'-MeObipy or 4'-Mebipy) to the blood transporter protein human serum albumin (HSA) was evaluated by fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Both complexes bind HSA, probably in the hydrophobic pocket near Trp214, and the Ru-complex containing 4'-MeObipy shows higher affinity for HSA than the 4'-Mebipy one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edjane R Dos Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, (SP), Brazil.
| | - Angelica E Graminha
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, (SP), Brazil
| | - Mario S Schultz
- Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Sócio Ambiental de Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Campus Macaé, CEP 27910-970 Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabel Correia
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Heloisa S Selistre-de-Araújo
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Corrêa
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campos Morro do Cruzeiro, CEP 35.400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Javier Ellena
- Departamento de Física e Informática, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 369, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisângela de Paula S Lacerda
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - João Costa Pessoa
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alzir A Batista
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, (SP), Brazil
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dos Santos ER, Corrêa RS, Pozzi LV, Graminha AE, Selistre-de-Araújo HS, Pavan FR, Batista AA. Antitumor and anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis agents based on cationic ruthenium complexes with amino acids. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cuello-Garibo JA, Pérez-Gallent E, van der Boon L, Siegler MA, Bonnet S. Influence of the Steric Bulk and Solvent on the Photoreactivity of Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complexes Coordinated to l-Proline. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:4818-4828. [PMID: 28406644 PMCID: PMC5415878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
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Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes are
good candidates for photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) provided that
they are stable in the dark but efficiently photosubstitute one of
their ligands. Here the use of the natural amino acid l-proline
as a protecting ligand for ruthenium-based PACT compounds is investigated
in the series of complexes Λ-[Ru(bpy)2(l-prol)]PF6 ([1a]PF6; bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine
and l-prol = l-proline), Λ-[Ru(bpy)(dmbpy)(l-prol)]PF6 ([2a]PF6 and
[2b]PF6; dmbpy = 6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine),
and Λ-[Ru(dmbpy)2(l-prol)]PF6 ([3a]PF6). The synthesis of the tris-heteroleptic
complex bearing the dissymmetric proline ligand yielded only two of
the four possible regioisomers, called [2a]PF6 and [2b]PF6. Both isomers were isolated
and characterized by a combination of spectroscopy and density functional
theory calculations. The photoreactivity of all four complexes [1a]PF6, [2a]PF6, [2b]PF6, and [3a]PF6 was
studied in water (H2O) and acetonitrile (MeCN) using UV–vis
spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, mass spectrometry,
and 1H NMR spectroscopy. In H2O, upon visible-light
irradiation in the presence of oxygen, no photosubstitution took place,
but the amine of complex [1a]PF6 was photooxidized
to an imine. Contrary to expectations, enhancing the steric strain
by the addition of two ([2b]PF6) or four ([3a]PF6) methyl substituents did not lead, in phosphate-buffered
saline (PBS), to ligand photosubstitution. However, it prevented photoxidation,
probably as a consequence of the electron-donating effect of the methyl
substituents. In addition, whereas [2b]PF6 was photostable in PBS, [2a]PF6 quantitatively
isomerized to [2b]PF6 upon light irradiation.
In pure MeCN, [2a]PF6 and [3a]PF6 showed non-selective photosubstitution of both the l-proline and dmbpy ligands, whereas the non-strained complex
[1a]PF6 was photostable. Finally, in H2O–MeCN mixtures, [3a]PF6 showed
selective photosubstitution of l-proline, thus demonstrating
the active role played by the solvent on the photoreactivity of this
series of complexes. The role of the solvent polarity and coordination
properties on the photochemical properties of polypyridyl complexes
is discussed. Three ruthenium polypyridyl l-proline complexes with increasing strain (R, R′ = H
or Me) were synthesized and their photoreactivities studied in phosphate-buffered
saline, pure acetonitrile (MeCN), and water−MeCN mixtures.
Depending on the number of methyl groups, on the presence of air,
and on the nature of the solvent, either photoisomerization, photooxidation
of l-proline, selective photosubstitution, or nonselective
photosubstitution was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi-Amat Cuello-Garibo
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden , Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Pérez-Gallent
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden , Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lennard van der Boon
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden , Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Small Molecule X-ray Crystallography Facility, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden , Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Structural sources of chiral discrimination in diastereoisomeric Ru(II) complexes of aromatic aminoacids and diimines. Inorganica Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2004.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nakabayashi Y, Watanabe Y, Nakao T, Yamauchi O. Interactions of mixed ligand ruthenium(II) complexes containing an amino acid and 1,10-phenanthroline with DNA. Inorganica Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2004.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lacour J, Londez A. Diastereoselective synthesis of C2-symmetric hexacoordinated phosphate anions (HYPHATs) with predetermined chirality from 1,2-diaryl-ethane-1,2-diols. J Organomet Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(01)01251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Aldrich-Wright JR, Vagg RS, Williams PA. Design of chiral picen-based metal complexes for molecular recognition of α-aminoacids and nucleic acids. Coord Chem Rev 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(97)00048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Effect of hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions on the stability of diastereoisomers of Δ- and Λ-[Ru(S-am)(bpy)2]+ complexes (am=Ala, Phg, Leu, Phe or Tyr ligand) in aqueous solutions. Inorganica Chim Acta 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)85122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Decinti A, Aguirre P, Larrazábal G. Chiral discrimination in diasteroisomeric systems of cadmium with 1,10-phenanthroline and S-amino acidates. Polyhedron 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)84592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fenton RR, Stephens FS, Vagg RS, Williams PA. Chiral metal complexes part 37. A new stereospecific N4 tetradentate, N,N′-di(2-picolyl)-N′-methyl-2S-aminomethylpyrrolidine, S-picpyrrMe, and the crystal structures of its ternary Λ-α1-[ConIII(S-picpyrrMe)(L)]2+ ions (LS-or R-alaninate). Inorganica Chim Acta 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)84970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Decinti A, Contreras M, Moraga E, Larrazabal G. Studies of Δ,Λ-[M(1,10-phen)2(S-ala)]qX diastereoisomeric systems of nickel and zinc with different counter-anions. Polyhedron 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)86935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Goodwin TJ, Williams PA, Stephens FS, Vagg RS. Chiral metal complexes. 12. Chiroptical, 1H NMR and crystallographic studies of the diastereoisomers Λ- and Δ-[Ru(diimine)2(S-threonine)]+ and their S-allothreonine analogues. Inorganica Chim Acta 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)83594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chiral metal complexes. 11. Steric interactions in some complexes of general form [Ru(diimine)2(S-aminoacidate)]n+. Inorganica Chim Acta 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)82365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Stephens FS, Vagg RS, Williams PA. Chiral metal complexes. 7. A comparison of the structures of the two diastereoisomeric forms of [Ru(bipy)2)L-alanine)]ClO4·0.5H2O as determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction. Inorganica Chim Acta 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)81728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Chambers JA, Gillard RD, Williams PA, Vagg RS. Chiral metal complexes. 8. Chiroptical and 1H NMR studies on diastereoisomeric ternary complexes of Co(III) with 1,10-phenanthroline and R,R-tartaric acid or S-malic acid. Inorganica Chim Acta 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)81729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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