AIDS-related lymphoma screen results and molecular structure determination of a new crown ether bearing aziridinylcyclophosphazene, potentially capable of ion-regulated DNA cleavage action

Tripeptide linked dispiro cyclotriphosphazene conjugates: Synthesis, molecular docking analysis of compounds binding within cancer cell line receptors and in vitro cytotoxic and genotoxic activities

The novel dioxybiphenyl bridged-cyclotriphosphazenes (DPP) bearing tripeptide were synthesized and investigated for their molecular docking analysis, visualizing their binding profiles within various cancer cell line receptors and in vitro cytotoxic and genotoxic properties. The dipeptide compound (Tyr-Phe) was treated with various amino acids to obtain the tripeptide compounds (Tyr-Phe-Gly, Tyr-Phe-Ala, Tyr-Phe-Val, Tyr-Phe-Phe, and Tyr-Phe-Leu). These synthesized tripeptides were subsequently treated with DPP to obtain novel phosphazene compounds bearing tripeptide structures. As a result, the synthesis of target molecules with phosphazene compound in the center and biphenyl and tripeptide groups in the side arms was obtained for the first time in this study. Examining the cytotoxic studies in vitro of our newly synthesized compounds demonstrated the anticancer properties against four selected human cancer cell lines, including breast (MCF-7), ovarian (A2780), prostate (PC-3), and colon (Caco-2) cancer cells. The Comet Assay analysis determined that the cell death mechanism of most of the compounds with cytotoxic activity stemmed from the DNA damage mechanism. Among the compounds, the DPP-Tyr-Phe-Phe compound seems to have the best anticancer activity against the subjected cell lines (Except for A2780) with IC50 values equal to 20.18, 72.14, 12.21, and 5.17 μM against breast, ovarian, prostate, and colon cancer cell lines, respectively. For this reason, the molecular docking analysis was conducted for the DTPP compound to visualize its binding geometry and profile within the target enzyme's binding site associated with the specific cancer cell line. The analysis revealed that the DTPP derivative exhibited an optimal binding conformation and characteristics within the target enzyme's binding site, aligning well with the experimental data. Based on the data, these compounds are believed to be strong candidate molecules for both pharmaceutical and clinical applications.

Synthesis of a New Chelating Iminophosphorane Derivative (Phosphazene) for U(VI) Recovery

A new synthetic chelating N–hydroxy–N–trioctyl iminophosphorane (HTIP) was prepared through the reaction of trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) with N–hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of a Lewis acid (AlCl₃). Specifications for the HTIP chelating ligand were successfully determined using many analytical techniques, ¹³C–NMR, ¹H–NMR, FTIR, EDX, and GC–MS analyses, which assured a reasonable synthesis of the HTIP ligand. The ability of HTIP to retain U(VI) ions was investigated. The optimum experimental factors, pH value, experimental time, initial U(VI) ion concentration, HTIP dosage, ambient temperature, and eluents, were attained with solvent extraction techniques. The utmost retention capacity of HTIP/CHCl₃ was 247.5 mg/g; it was achieved at pH = 3.0, 25 °C, with 30 min of shaking and 0.99 × 10⁻³ mol/L. From the stoichiometric calculations, approximately 1.5 hydrogen atoms are released during the extraction at pH 3.0, and 4.0 moles of HTIP ligand were responsible for chelation of one mole of uranyl ions. According to kinetic studies, the pseudo–first order model accurately predicted the kinetics of U(VI) extraction by HTIP ligand with a retention power of 245.47 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters ΔS°, ΔH°, and ΔG° were also calculated; the extraction process was predicted as an exothermic, spontaneous, and advantageous extraction at low temperatures. As the temperature increased, the value of ∆G° increased. The elution of uranium ions from the loaded HTIP/CHCl₃ was achieved using 2.0 mol of H₂SO₄ with a 99.0% efficiency rate. Finally, the extended variables were used to obtain a uranium concentrate (Na₂U₂O₇, Y.C) with a uranium grade of 69.93% and purity of 93.24%.

Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic activity studies on cancer cell lines of new paraben-decorated monospiro-cyclotriphosphazenes

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In this study, monospiro-cyclotriphosphazene compounds decorated with different parabens that likely show biological activity were designed and successfully synthesized for the first time.

Mass Spectrometry Reveals Complexing Properties of Modified PNP-Lariat Ether Containing Benzyl Derivative of (S)-Prolinamine

In the investigation presented here the synthesis of new lariat ether derivative obtained from the modification of tetrapyrrolidinyl-PNP-crown ether macrocycle is described. The polyheterotopic molecular coreceptor consisted of the replacement of chlorine atoms with an optically active (S)-(1-benzylpyrrolidin-2-yl) methanamine. The structure was confirmed by using elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy. This work covers results concerning the complexing properties of the new ligand towards Ag⁺, Cu^2+, Co^2+, Ni²⁺, and Zn²⁺ ions. The formation of non-covalent complexes of 1:1 stoichiometry with the Cu^2+, Co^2+, Ni²⁺, and Zn²⁺ ions have been confirmed by mass spectrometry. Due to the previous work and application possibilities, a large emphasis was put on the investigation of the complexation ability of lariat ether with silver (I) cation to determine stability constants by direct potentiometric method. In this case, the formation of four different forms of complexes AgL, Ag₂L, Ag₃L, and Ag₄L has been proved. The observed unusual binding through the nitrogen atoms from the exocyclic substituents may provide the structural unit to build a new coordination polymers.

Syntheses, spectroscopic and crystallographic characterizations of cis- and trans-dispirocyclic ferrocenylphosphazenes: molecular dockings, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities

The crystallographic and molecular docking investigations and the determinations of the cytotoxic activities of the dispirocyclic ferrocenylphosphazenes were performed.

Phosphorus–nitrogen compounds. Part 36. Syntheses, Langmuir–Blodgett thin films and biological activities of spiro-bino-spiro trimeric phosphazenes

The syntheses, spectroscopic and crystallographic properties, LB films, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of spiro-bino-spiro phosphazenes were investigated.

Synthesis and Characterisation of Phosphazene Derivatives Containing Dioxybiphenyl and 4-Sulfanylquinazoline Groups

2,2-Dichloro-4,4,6,6-bis[spiro(2′,2″-dioxy-1′,1″-biphenylyl)]cyclotriphosphazene was synthesised from the reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with biphenyl-2,2′-diol. 2,2-Bis(4-formylphenoxy)-4,4,6,6-bis[spiro(2′,2″-dioxy-1′,1″-biphenylyl)]cyclotriphosphazene was obtained from the reaction of 2,2-dichloro-4,4,6,6-bis[spiro(2′,2″-dioxy-1′,1″-biphenylyl)] cyclotriphosphazene with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. 2,2-Bis[4-(4-quinazolinone)phenoxy]-4,4,6,6-bis[spiro(2′,2″-dioxy-1′,1″-biphenylyl)]cyclotriphosphazene was synthesised from the reaction of 2,2-bis(4-formylphenoxy)-4,4,6,6-bis[spiro(2′,2″-dioxy-1′,1″-biphenylyl)]cyclotriphosphazene with anthranilamide in N,N-dimethylformamide. The novel cyclophosphazene derivatives were synthesised under mild conditions from the reaction of 2,2-bis[4-(4-quinazolinone)phenoxy]-4,4,6,6-bis[spiro(2′,2″-dioxy-1′,1″-biphenylyl)]cyclotriphosphazene with 4-chlorobenzenemethanethiol, p-thiocresol, 4-aminothiophenol, and 4-chlorothiophenol in the presence of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride via C-OH bond activation under mild conditions. All products were generally obtained in high yields. Their structures were characterised by HRMS, IR and 1H, 13C spectroscopy.

Studies of the complexation behavior of tetramorpholinylo-PNP-lariat ether with Ag(i), Ca(ii), Cd(ii), Cu(ii) and Pb(ii) using Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

The identification of complexes containing PNP-lariat ether with Ag(i), Ca(ii), Cu(ii), Cd(ii) and Pb(ii) by ESI-MS technique is presented. The tandem mass spectra of these complexes were done in order to evaluate the stability of the different types of the complexes formed.

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds: part 30. Syntheses and structural investigations, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities and DNA interactions of vanillinato-substituted NN or NO spirocyclic monoferrocenyl cyclotriphosphazenes

The gradual Cl replacement reactions of NN (1-3) or NO spirocyclic monoferrocenyl cyclotriphosphazenes (4 and 5) with the potassium salt of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (potassium vanillinate) resulted in the mono (1a-5a), geminal (gem-1b-5b), non-geminal (cis-5b and trans -1b-4b), tri (1c, 3c-5c) and tetra-vanillinato-substituted phosphazenes (1d-5d). All the phosphazene derivatives have stereogenic P-center(s), except tetra-substituted ones. The vanillinatophosphazenes have reversible voltammograms with one-electron anodic and cathodic peaks which are attributed to ferrocenyl redox probe. The structures of the new phosphazene compounds were determined by FTIR, MS, (1)H, (13)C{(1)H} and (31)P{(1)H} NMR spectral data. The solid-state structure of cis -5b was examined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. In addition, the compounds were tested in HeLa cancer cell lines using MTT assay. The 12 phosphazene derivatives were screened for antimicrobial activity, and 3c was very effective against S. aureus even at 4.88 µM concentration, taking into account the MIC values. Besides, interactions between the phosphazenes and pBR322 plasmid DNA were also investigated.

Single and double crown macrocyclic derivatives of cyclotriphosphazene as receptors of silver(i) ions

Two new single and double P-pivot lariat ethers have been synthesized and the stability constants of their complexes with silver(i) ions were determined in acetonitrile and methanol solutions.

Syntheses, structural characterization and biological activities of spiro-ansa-spiro-cyclotriphosphazenes

spiro-ansa-spiro-Phosphazenes were investigated for their DNA binding, antimicrobial activities and cytotoxic, apoptotic, and necrotic effects on fibroblast and lung cancer cells.

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. Part 29. Syntheses, crystal structures, spectroscopic and stereogenic properties, electrochemical investigations, antituberculosis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities and DNA interactions of ansa-spiro-ansa cyclotetraphosphazenes

A number of novel ansa-spiro-ansa (asa) cyclotetraphosphazenes (1a-5b) was prepared in the range of 63-90 % yields. The structures of the compounds were verified by MS, FTIR, (1)H, (13)C{(1)H} and (31)P{(1)H} NMR, heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMBC) techniques. The crystal structures of 1b, 2c and 5a were determined by X-ray crystallography. The compound 2c was analyzed by the changes in the (31)P{(1)H}NMR spectrum in addition of the chiral solvating agent; (R)-(+)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9'-anthryl)-ethanol (CSA), to investigate its stereogenic properties. The result supports that compound 2c was found to be in the racemic mixture. Cyclic voltammetric and chronoamperometric data of the mono-ferrocenyl-spiro-asa-cyclotetraphosphazenes exhibited electrochemically reversible one-electron oxidation of Fe redox centres. The mono-ferrocenyl-spiro-asa compounds (3a-5b) were evaluated for antituberculosis activity against reference strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and M. tuberculosis clinical strain, which is resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid. These compounds appear not to be good candidates for being antituberculosis agents to clinical strains. All of the compounds were screened for antibacterial activities against G(+) and G(-) bacteria, and for antifungal activities against yeast strains. They seem to be more active against Gram positive bacteria than Gram negative. The interactions of the phosphazenes with plasmid DNA and the evaluations for cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines were investigated. The compounds 1b, 2b, 3a and 4a were found to be more effective than Cisplatin against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines at lower concentrations.

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds part 27. Syntheses, structural characterizations, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, and DNA interactions of new phosphazenes bearing secondary amino and pendant (4-fluorobenzyl)spiro groups

A number of partly (7-9) and fully (10a-12d, Scheme 1) substituted mono(4-fluorobenzyl)spiro cyclotriphosphazenes was prepared. The structures of the compounds were determined by MS, FTIR, 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The crystal structures of 9, 11b and 12b were verified by X-ray diffraction analysis. In vitro cytotoxic activity of the phosphazenes (10a-12d) against HeLa cervical cancer cell lines was evaluated. Compound 12c was found to be the most effective, as it is a cytotoxic reagent that might activate apoptosis by altering mitochondrial membrane potential. Compounds 10b, 11b and 12b showed very good activity against yeast strains Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans. BamHI and HindIII digestion results demonstrate that the compounds (10a-12a, 10b-12b, 10d-12d), and (9, 10c-12c) bind with G/G and A/A nucleotides, respectively.

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. Part 24. Syntheses, crystal structures, spectroscopic and stereogenic properties, biological activities, and DNA interactions of novel spiro-ansa-spiro- and ansa-spiro-ansa-cyclotetraphosphazenes

The reactions of octachlorocyclotetraphosphazene, N(4)P(4)Cl(8), with N(2)O(2) donor-type aminopodands (1a, 1b, 1g, and 1h) afforded two kinds of derivatives, namely, spiro-ansa-spiro (sas) (2a, 2b, 2g, and 2h) and ansa-spiro-ansa (asa) (3a and 3b) phosphazenes. The partly substituted sas phosphazenes (2a and 2b) reacted with excess pyrrolidine and morpholine in tetrahydrofuran to produce the tetrapyrrolidino (2c and 2d) and morpholino (2e and 2f) derivatives. The reactions of the asa phosphazenes (3a and 3b) with excess pyrrolidine and morpholine produced gem-2-trans-6-dichloropyrrolidinophosphazenes (3c and 3d) and -morpholinophosphazenes (3e and 3f). However, the fully substituted products were not obtained in these solvents. In addition, the expected fully substituted compound was not obtained from the reaction of 3a with excess pyrrolidine by standard or microwave-assisted methods. The reaction of the long-chain starting compound (1g) with N(4)P(4)Cl(8) gave sas (2g) and the interesting 2,6-ansa-spiro-bicyclo product (bicyclo-2,6-as; 4g), while the reaction of 1h with N(4)P(4)Cl(8) yielded only sas (2h). The structural investigations of the compounds were verified by elemental analyses, mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, and DEPT, HSQC, HMBC, (1)H, (13)C, and (31)P NMR techniques. The crystal structures of 2b, 3a, 3b, 3e, and 4g were determined by X-ray crystallography. Compounds 2a-2h, 3a-3f, and 4g had two stereogenic P atoms. Compound 3b had one enantiomer according to the Flack parameter, and 3f was a racemic mixture, as shown by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography and chiral-solvating-agent, (R)-(+)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9'-anthryl)ethanol, experiments. Furthermore, compounds 2a, 2c, and 2d exhibited weak antibacterial activity against (G+) bacterium, and 3c and 3d displayed moderate antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis. Gel electrophoresis data demonstrated that 2e, 3c, and 3e promoted the formation of DNA cleavage. The prevention of BamHI digestion by 2a-2f and 3a-3f, except 2b and 2e, disclosed binding with GG nucleotides in DNA.

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. Part 23: syntheses, structural investigations, biological activities, and DNA interactions of new N/O spirocyclotriphosphazenes

The Schiff base compounds (1 and 2) are synthesized by the condensation reactions of 2-furan-2-yl-methylamine with 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy- and 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzaldehydes and reduced with NaBH(4) to give the new N/O-donor-type ligands (3 and 4). The monospirocyclotriphosphazenes containing 1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine rings (5 and 6) are prepared from the reactions of N(3)P(3)Cl(6) with 3 and 4, respectively. The reactions of 5 and 6 with excess pyrrolidine, morpholine, and 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro [4,5] decane (DASD) produce tetrapyrrolidino (5a and 6a), morpholino (5b and 6b), and 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro [4,5] deca (5c and 6c) spirocyclotriphosphazenes. The structural investigations of the compounds are examined by (1)H, (13)C, (31)P NMR, DEPT, HSQC, and HMBC techniques. The solid-state structures of 5, 5a, and 6 are determined using X-ray crystallography. The compounds 5a, 5b, 5c, 6a, 6b, and 6c are subjected to antimicrobial activity against six patojen bacteria and two yeast strains. In addition, interactions between these compounds and pBR322 plasmid DNA are presented by agarose gel electrophoresis.

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds Part 17: The synthesis, spectral and electrochemical investigations of porphyrino-phosphazenes

The reactions of unsymmetrical porphyrins (1 and 2) with Ni(OAc)2·4H2O in boiling DMF produce porphyrin complexes (3 and 4). From the reactions of free porphyrin ligands 1 and 2 with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazatriene, N3P3Cl6 , the new free porphyrino-phosphazene derivatives (5 and 6) are obtained. On the other hand, the reactions of N3P3Cl6 with porphyrin complexes (3 and 4) afford the new porphyrino-phosphazene complexes (7 and 8). In the literature there are a few examples of the porphyrino-phosphazene architectures. The structural investigations of all the compounds have been made by elemental analyses, MS, FTIR, 1H NMR, 31P NMR and UV-visible techniques. The cyclic voltammograms (CVs) are examined in acetonitrile (MeCN) containing 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium-tetrafluoroborate (TBATFB) to investigate the surface attachment properties at the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and the influence of the presence of metal cations in the porphyrin ring.