Synthesis, characterisation and structural investigations of iodine-doped indium(III) and zirconium(IV) diphthalocyanines: [InPc2]I2 and [ZrPc2]I2

Interaction of InIIIClPc and TlIIIClPc phthalocyanines with deprotonated porphyrin HTPP− anions. Metal-centred reduction of TlIIIClPc

Reactions of In[Formula: see text]ClPc or Tl[Formula: see text]ClPc phthalocyanines with monodeprotonated tetraphenylporphyrin HTPP[Formula: see text] anions have been studied under reduction or in the presence of [Formula: see text]-methylimidazole ([Formula: see text]-MeIm). Formation of salt {In[Formula: see text]-MeIm)2(TPP[Formula: see text]}[Formula: see text]{In[Formula: see text](Pc[Formula: see text]}[Formula: see text] ⋅ 4C6H4Cl2 (1) justifies partial abstraction of indium(III) atoms from In[Formula: see text]ClPc to form cationic {In[Formula: see text](TPP[Formula: see text]}[Formula: see text] porphyrins[Formula: see text]solvated by [Formula: see text]-MeIm and double-decker {In[Formula: see text](Pc[Formula: see text]}[Formula: see text] anions. Crystals of Tl[Formula: see text](HTPP[Formula: see text] (2) have been only obtained at the interaction of HTPP[Formula: see text] with Tl[Formula: see text]ClPc under reduction indicating that Tl[Formula: see text] is reduced to Tl[Formula: see text] and is abstracted by HTPP[Formula: see text]. To confirm the possibility of Tl[Formula: see text] formation under reduction we have studied reduction of Tl[Formula: see text]ClPc by sodium fluorenone in the presence of cryptand[2.2.2]. Crystals of {Cryptand(Na[Formula: see text]}(Tl[Formula: see text](Pc[Formula: see text]}[Formula: see text] ⋅ C6H4Cl2(3) have been isolated indicating metal-centered reduction of Tl[Formula: see text]ClPc to form Tl[Formula: see text] and preserving dianionic Pc[Formula: see text] macrocycles. Optical spectra and structures of the obtained compounds are discussed and compared with those of pristine M[Formula: see text]ClPc. It is shown that 1–3 are EPR silent due to the formation of diamagnetic components.

Synthesis, structural investigation, and solid-state properties of iodine-doped zirconium diphthalocyanine, [ZrPc2]I3.I2

Crystals of iodine-doped zirconium(IV) diphthalocyanine, [ZrPc(2)]I(3).I(2) (where Pc = C(32)H(16)N(8)), were grown directly in the reaction of pure zirconium powder with phthalonitrile under a stream of iodine at 260 degrees C. [ZrPc(2)]I(3).I(2) crystallizes in the space group P2(1)/m (No. 11) of the monoclinic system with lattice parameters of a = 6.735(1), b = 25.023(5), and c = 17.440(3) A, beta = 99.43(3) degrees, and Z = 2. The crystals of [ZrPc(2)]I(3).I(2) are built up from two pseudo-monodimensional aggregates: one-electron-oxidized [ZrPc(2)](+) units; weak interacting triiodide I(3)(-) ions with neutral diiodine molecules. The I(3)(-) ions and neutral I(2) molecules in the crystal of [ZrPc(2)]I(3).I(2) have been also detected by Raman spectroscopy. The [ZrPc(2)](+) units form stacks along the a axis, while the polymeric...I(3)(-)...I(2)...I(3)(-)...I(2)(-)... zigzag chains are located in the crystal along the b axis, so both pseudo-monodimensional aggregates are perpendicular to each other. This arrangement is different from that found in the tetragonal crystals of [ZrPc(2)](I(3))(2/3) in which both monodimensional aggregates, i.e., the stacks of partially oxidized [ZrPc(2)](2/3+) units and chains of symmetric triiodide ions, are parallel. EPR experiment together with the X-ray single-crystal analysis clearly shown that oxidation of the diamagnetic ZrPc(2) complex by iodine is ligand centered and homogeneously affecting both phthalocyaninato rings of ZrPc(2); thus, the formal oxidation state of both Pc rings in [ZrPc(2)]I(3).I(2) is nonintegral (-1.5). The UV-vis spectrum of [ZrPc(2)] I(3).I(2) is very similar to the spectrum of unoxidized ZrPc(2) complex in the B Soret and Q spectral region. However, in the spectrum of [ZrPc(2)] I(3).I(2) one additional band at approximately 502 nm is observed, which indicates the existence of the one-electron-oxidized phthalocyaninato(-) radical ligand and is assigned to the electronic transition from a deeper level to the half-occupied HOMO level. The single-crystal electrical conductivity data show anisotropy and nonmetallic character in conductivity (d sigma/dT > 0). The charge transport mainly proceeds along the pseudo-monodimensional stacks of [ZrPc(2)](+) units. The relatively high conductivity along the stacks of one-electron-oxidized [ZrPc(2)](+) units results from the staggering orientation of Pc rings (rotation angle 45.0(2) degrees ) that leads to the short inter-ring C(alpha)(pyrrole)[bond]C(alpha)(pyrrole) contacts (2.839(3)-3.024(3) A). These C(alpha)-pyrrole atoms make appreciable contribution to the partially occupied pi-molecular orbital of Pc macrocycle and the greatest overlap of the HOMO orbitals that form the conduction band of partially oxidized molecular crystals.

One-dimensional assembling of diiodo[phthalocyaninato(1-)] chromate(III) molecules through neutral I(2) molecules. Alternating ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions in the metal-radical system

Crystals of diiodo[phthalocyaninato(1-)] chromate(III) diiodine, CrPcI(2).I(2), were grown directly in the reaction of chromium powder with 1,2-dicyanobenzene under a stream of iodine at about 250 degrees C. The CrPcI(2).I(2) complex crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group of the triclinic system with one molecule per unit cell, with the cell dimensions a = 7.851(2) A, b = 8.402(2) A, c = 12.668(3) A, alpha = 80.32(3)(o), beta = 74.06(3)(o), gamma = 82.33(3)(o), and V = 788.7(3) A(3). The X-ray single-crystal analysis shows that each of the centrosymmetric CrPcI(2) molecules is bridged by a neutral I(2) molecule (detected also by Raman spectroscopy) and develops a polymeric one-dimensional structure. The magnetic measurements have been carried out in the temperature range 300-2 K. Temperature dependence of the effective magnetic moment, mu(eff), shows the ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions in the system of the paramagnetic central Cr(3+) ion and surrounding pi-conjugated radical ligand Pc(1-). The conductivity measurement on a polycrystalline sample exhibits weak temperature dependence (dsigma/dT < 0). The UV-vis spectrum exhibits, besides the B- and Q-bands, one additional band assigned to the electronic transition from a deeper level to the half-occupied HOMO level in the one-electron oxidized phthalocyaninato(1-) radical ligand.