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Goodwin MJ, Dickenson JC, Ripak A, Deetz AM, McCarthy JS, Meyer GJ, Troian-Gautier L. Factors that Impact Photochemical Cage Escape Yields. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7379-7464. [PMID: 38743869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of visible light to mediate chemical reactions in fluid solutions has applications that range from solar fuel production to medicine and organic synthesis. These reactions are typically initiated by electron transfer between a photoexcited dye molecule (a photosensitizer) and a redox-active quencher to yield radical pairs that are intimately associated within a solvent cage. Many of these radicals undergo rapid thermodynamically favored "geminate" recombination and do not diffuse out of the solvent cage that surrounds them. Those that do escape the cage are useful reagents that may undergo subsequent reactions important to the above-mentioned applications. The cage escape process and the factors that determine the yields remain poorly understood despite decades of research motivated by their practical and fundamental importance. Herein, state-of-the-art research on light-induced electron transfer and cage escape that has appeared since the seminal 1972 review by J. P. Lorand entitled "The Cage Effect" is reviewed. This review also provides some background for those new to the field and discusses the cage escape process of both homolytic bond photodissociation and bimolecular light induced electron transfer reactions. The review concludes with some key goals and directions for future research that promise to elevate this very vibrant field to even greater heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John C Dickenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alexia Ripak
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alexander M Deetz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jackson S McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Wel Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
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Kovács M, Fodor L, R. Browne W, Horváth A. Photophysics and electron transfer reactions of complexes. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Megyes T, Schubert G, Kovács M, Radnai T, Grósz T, Bakó I, Pápai I, Horváth A. Structure and Properties of the [Ru(bpy)(CN)4]2- Complex and Its Solvent Environment: X-ray Diffraction and Density Functional Study. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0353439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Megyes
- Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, P.O. Box 17, H-1525 Hungary, and Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Veszprém, P.O. Box 158, Veszprém, H-8201 Hungary
| | - Gábor Schubert
- Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, P.O. Box 17, H-1525 Hungary, and Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Veszprém, P.O. Box 158, Veszprém, H-8201 Hungary
| | - Margit Kovács
- Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, P.O. Box 17, H-1525 Hungary, and Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Veszprém, P.O. Box 158, Veszprém, H-8201 Hungary
| | - Tamás Radnai
- Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, P.O. Box 17, H-1525 Hungary, and Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Veszprém, P.O. Box 158, Veszprém, H-8201 Hungary
| | - Tamás Grósz
- Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, P.O. Box 17, H-1525 Hungary, and Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Veszprém, P.O. Box 158, Veszprém, H-8201 Hungary
| | - Imre Bakó
- Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, P.O. Box 17, H-1525 Hungary, and Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Veszprém, P.O. Box 158, Veszprém, H-8201 Hungary
| | - Imre Pápai
- Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, P.O. Box 17, H-1525 Hungary, and Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Veszprém, P.O. Box 158, Veszprém, H-8201 Hungary
| | - Attila Horváth
- Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, P.O. Box 17, H-1525 Hungary, and Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Veszprém, P.O. Box 158, Veszprém, H-8201 Hungary
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