1
|
Di Rocco G, Ranieri A, Borsari M, Sola M, Bortolotti CA, Battistuzzi G. Assessing the Functional and Structural Stability of the Met80Ala Mutant of Cytochrome c in Dimethylsulfoxide. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175630. [PMID: 36080396 PMCID: PMC9458088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Met80Ala variant of yeast cytochrome c is known to possess electrocatalytic properties that are absent in the wild type form and that make it a promising candidate for biocatalysis and biosensing. The versatility of an enzyme is enhanced by the stability in mixed aqueous/organic solvents that would allow poorly water-soluble substrates to be targeted. In this work, we have evaluated the effect of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on the functionality of the Met80Ala cytochrome c mutant, by investigating the thermodynamics and kinetics of electron transfer in mixed water/DMSO solutions up to 50% DMSO v/v. In parallel, we have monitored spectroscopically the retention of the main structural features in the same medium, focusing on both the overall protein structure and the heme center. We found that the organic solvent exerts only minor effects on the redox and structural properties of the mutant mostly as a result of the modification of the dielectric constant of the solvent. This would warrant proper functionality of this variant also under these potentially hostile experimental conditions, that differ from the physiological milieu of cytochrome c.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Di Rocco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Ranieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Borsari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Sola
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Augusto Bortolotti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.A.B.); (G.B.); Tel.: +39-0592058608 (C.A.B.); +39-059208639 (G.B.)
| | - Gianantonio Battistuzzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.A.B.); (G.B.); Tel.: +39-0592058608 (C.A.B.); +39-059208639 (G.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Di Rocco G, Battistuzzi G, Borsari M, Bortolotti CA, Ranieri A, Sola M. The enthalpic and entropic terms of the reduction potential of metalloproteins: Determinants and interplay. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
3
|
Evtyugin GA, Porfir’eva AV. Determination of Organic Compounds in Aqueous–Organic and Dispersed Media Using Electrochemical Methods of Analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
4
|
Di Rocco G, Bighi B, Borsari M, Bortolotti CA, Ranieri A, Sola M, Battistuzzi G. Electron Transfer and Electrocatalytic Properties of the Immobilized Met80Ala Cytochrome
c
Variant in Dimethylsulfoxide. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Di Rocco
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Beatrice Bighi
- Department of Chemistry and Geology University of Modena and Reggio Emilia via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Marco Borsari
- Department of Chemistry and Geology University of Modena and Reggio Emilia via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Carlo Augusto Bortolotti
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Antonio Ranieri
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Marco Sola
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Gianantonio Battistuzzi
- Department of Chemistry and Geology University of Modena and Reggio Emilia via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Electrochemistry: Crosstalk with Electrodes as Redox Partners and Electron Sources. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 851:229-46. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16009-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
6
|
Electron Transfer of Myoglobin Immobilized in Au Electrodes Modified with a RAFT PMMA-Block-PDMAEMA Polymer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/184206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoglobin was immobilized with poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]PMMA-block-PDMAEMA polymer synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer technique (RAFT). Cyclic voltammograms gave direct and slow quasireversible heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics between Mb-PMMA-block-PDMAEMA modified electrode and the redox center of the protein. The values for electron rate constant (Ks) and transfer coefficient (α) were0.055±0.01·s−1and0.81±0.08, respectively. The reduction potential determined as a function of temperature (293–328 K) revealed a value of reaction center entropy ofΔS0of351.3±0.0002 J·mol−1·K−1and enthalpy change of-76.8±0.1 kJ·mol−1, suggesting solvent effects and charge ionization atmosphere involved in the reaction parallel to hydrophobic interactions with the copolymer. The immobilized protein also exhibits an electrocatalytical response to reduction of hydrogen peroxide, with an apparentKmof114.7±58.7 μM. The overall results substantiate the design and use of RAFT polymers towards the development of third-generation biosensors.
Collapse
|
7
|
Eslami M, Namazian M, Zare HR. Electrooxidation of homogentisic acid in aqueous and mixed solvent solutions: experimental and theoretical studies. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:2757-63. [PMID: 23384055 DOI: 10.1021/jp3121325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical behavior of homogentisic acid (HGA) has been studied in both aqueous and mixed solvent solution of water-acetonitrile. Physicochemical parameters of the electrochemical reaction of HGA in these solutions are obtained experimentally by cyclic voltammetry method and are also calculated theoretically using accurate ab initio calculations (G3MP2//B3LYP). Solvation energies are calculated using the available solvation model of CPCM. The pH dependence of the redox activity of HGA in aqueous and the mixture solutions at different temperatures was used for the experimental determination of the standard reduction potential and changes of entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy for the studied reaction. The experimental standard redox potential of the compound in aqueous solution was obtained to be 0.636 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode. There is a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental values (0.702 and 0.636 V) for the standard electrode potential of HGA. The changes of thermodynamic functions of solvation are also calculated from the differences between the solution-phase experimental values and the gas-phase theoretical values. Finally, using the value of solvation energy of HGA in water and acetonitrile solvents which calculated by the CPCM model of energy, we proposed an equation for calculating the standard redox potential of HGA in mixture solution of water and acetonitrile. A good agreement between the result of electrode potential calculated by the proposed equation and the experimental value confirms the validity of the theoretical models used here and the accuracy of experimental methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Eslami
- Department of Chemistry, Yazd University, P. O. Box 89195-741, Yazd, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Águila S, Vidal-Limón A, Alderete J, Sosa-Torres M, Vázquez-Duhalt R. Unusual activation during peroxidase reaction of a cytochrome c variant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
9
|
Monari S, Ranieri A, Bortolotti CA, Peressini S, Tavagnacco C, Borsari M. Unfolding of cytochrome c immobilized on self-assembled monolayers. An electrochemical study. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
10
|
Shumyantseva VV, Bulko TV, Suprun EV, Chalenko YM, Yu.Vagin M, Rudakov YO, Shatskaya MA, Archakov AI. Electrochemical investigations of cytochrome P450. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1814:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
11
|
The impact of urea-induced unfolding on the redox process of immobilised cytochrome c. J Biol Inorg Chem 2010; 15:1233-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-010-0681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
Guo K, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Liu B, Magner E. Electrochemistry of nanozeolite-immobilized cytochrome c in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:9076-9081. [PMID: 20373776 DOI: 10.1021/la904630c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical properties of cytochrome c (cyt c) immobilized on multilayer nanozeolite-modified electrodes have been examined in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions. Layers of Linde type-L zeolites were assembled on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass electrodes followed by the adsorption of cyt c, primarily via electrostatic interactions, onto modified ITO electrodes. The heme protein displayed a quasi-reversible response in aqueous solution with a redox potential of +324 mV (vs NHE), and the surface coverage (Gamma*) increased linearly for the first four layers and then gave a nearly constant value of 200 pmol cm(-2). On immersion of the modified electrodes in 95% (v/v) nonaqueous solutions, the redox potential decreased significantly, a decrease that originated from changes in both the enthalpy and entropy of reduction. On reimmersion of the modified electrode in buffer, the faradic response immediately returned to its original value. These results demonstrate that nanozeolites are potential stable supports for redox proteins and enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qiao Y, Jian F, Yu H, Hu L. Composite films of lecithin and heme proteins with electrochemical and electrocatalytic activities. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 315:537-43. [PMID: 17707853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2007] [Revised: 06/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Functional composite films made from lecithin micelles and the two heme proteins of met-myoglobin (Mb) and met-hemoglobin (Hb) are reported in this paper. Proteins in functional composite films have much higher rates of electron transfer than proteins in solutions on carbon paste (CP) electrodes. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) all give a pair of well-defined and quasi-reversible peaks, corresponding to the heme FeIII/FeII redox couple of proteins. Differential pulse voltammograms (DPVs) also show the same formal potential (E0') values of proteins under identical conditions. Electronic and vibrational spectra indicate that proteins in these films are not denatured, but their conformational differences from native states may exist. The E0' value for Mb in the lecithin film is found to be pH dependent. The Mb lecithin film can catalytically reduce O2 and H2O2, and its analytical application to H2O2 determination is established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbiao Qiao
- New Materials and Function Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042 Qingdao Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Millo D, Bonifacio A, Ranieri A, Borsari M, Gooijer C, van der Zwan G. pH-Induced changes in adsorbed cytochrome c. voltammetric and surface-enhanced resonance Raman characterization performed simultaneously at chemically modified silver electrodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:9898-904. [PMID: 17685564 DOI: 10.1021/la701751r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The influence of pH on the redox properties of cytochrome c (cyt c) adsorbed on roughened silver electrodes chemically modified with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 11-mercapto-1-undecanoic acid (MUA) was studied with voltammetric techniques in combination with surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS). The experiments were performed simultaneously on the same electrode sample in a homemade spectroelectrochemical cell suitable for such applications. At pH 7.0 cyt c was found in its native state; at higher pH values (ranging from 8.0 to 9.0) the redox properties of the adsorbed protein varied considerably, featuring a redox behavior which does not resemble the one reported for the alkaline transition. Our results instead indicate the presence of an electrochemically inactive 6cLS species immobilized on MUA at pH 9.0. The pH-induced conformational changes observed for cyt c immobilized on the SAM of MUA were found to be repeatable and chemically reversible, meaning that the recovery of the electrochemical signal due to the native protein occurred instantaneously (on the second time scale) when the electrode was switched back to pH 7.0. The pH-induced changes observed were attributed to a conformational change involving a heme reorientation with respect to the electrode surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Millo
- Laser Centre-Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Millo D, Ranieri A, Koot W, Gooijer C, van der Zwan G. Towards Combined Electrochemistry and Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman of Heme Proteins: Improvement of Diffusion Electrochemistry of Cytochrome c at Silver Electrodes Chemically Modified with 4-Mercaptopyridine. Anal Chem 2006; 78:5622-5. [PMID: 16878907 DOI: 10.1021/ac060807v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To date, a successful combination of surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) and electrochemistry to study heme proteins is inhibited by the problems raised by the prerequisite to use silver as electrode metal. This paper indicates an approach to overcome these problems. It describes a quick and reproducible procedure to prepare silver electrodes chemically modified with 4-mercaptopyridine suitable to perform diffusion electrochemistry of cytochrome c (cyt c). The method involves the employment of a mechanical and a chemical treatment and avoids the use of alumina slurries and any electrochemical pretreatment. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to test the electrochemical response of cyt c, and the CV signals were found identical with those obtained on gold electrodes under the same experimental conditions. Compared to previous literature, a significant improvement of the CV signal of cyt c at silver electrodes was achieved. Preliminary results show that this treatment can be also successfully employed for the preparation of SERRS-active electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Millo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Laser Centre, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ray A, Feng M, Tachikawa H. Direct electrochemistry and Raman spectroscopy of sol-gel-encapsulated myoglobin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:7456-60. [PMID: 16042479 DOI: 10.1021/la050422s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The direct electrochemistry of myoglobin (Mb) has been observed at a glassy carbon (GC) electrode coated with silica sol-gel-encapsulated Mb film. A well-behaved cyclic voltammogram is observed with a midpoint potential (E(1/2)) of -0.25 V vs Ag/AgCl in a pH 7.0 phosphate buffer. This potential, which is pH-dependent, is 70-90 mV more negative than the formal potential values obtained by using the spectroeletrochemical titration method at the same pH. Square wave voltametry (SWV) also shows a peak potential of -0.25 V for the reduction of Mb under the same experimental conditions. Both cathodic and anodic peak currents have a linear relationship with the scan rate. The midpoint potential decreases with pH, having a slope of -30 mV/pH. UV-vis and resonance Raman spectroscopic studies reveal that the sol-gel provides a bio-compatible environment where Mb retains a structure similar to its solution form, a 6-coordinated aquomet myoglobin. These results suggest that the silica sol-gel is a useful matrix for studying direct electrochemistry of other heme proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anandhi Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, 1400 J.R. Lynch Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
O'Reilly NJ, Magner E. Electrochemistry of cytochrome C in aqueous and mixed solvent solutions: thermodynamics, kinetics, and the effect of solvent dielectric constant. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:1009-1014. [PMID: 15667182 DOI: 10.1021/la048796t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The solvent dielectric constant is considered an important factor in determining the redox potential of the heme-containing protein cytochrome c in solution. In this study, we investigate the electrochemical response of cytochrome c in aqueous/organic solvent mixtures (100% aqueous buffer, 30% acetonitrile, 40% dimethyl sulfoxide, and 50% methanol), reporting the redox potential (E degrees'), enthalpy, and entropy of reduction. The temperature dependence of the solvent dielectric constant (epsilon) was also measured. The results show that epsilon alone cannot regulate the E degrees' of cytochrome c in mixed solvent systems. The implications of the temperature dependence of epsilon on the validity of the thermodynamic data are also discussed. The effect of solvent and temperature on the electron-transfer rate constant, k(s), was determined in each solvent mixture. A substantial increase in the activation energy for electron transfer was observed in 40% DMSO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niall J O'Reilly
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences and Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
|