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Ņikitjuka A, Žalubovskis R. Asparagusic Acid - A Unique Approach toward Effective Cellular Uptake of Therapeutics: Application, Biological Targets, and Chemical Properties. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300143. [PMID: 37366073 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic approaches towards unique asparagusic acid and its analogues as well as its chemical use, the breadth of its biological properties and their relevant applications have been explored. The significance of the 1,2-dithiolane ring tension in dithiol-mediated uptake and its use for the intracellular transport of molecular cargoes is discussed alongside some of the challenges that arise from the fast thiolate-disulfide interchange. The short overview with the indication of the available literature on natural 1,2-dithiolanes synthesis and biological activities is also included. The general review structure is based on the time-line perspective of the application of asparagusic acid moiety as well as its primitive derivatives (4-amino-1,2-dithiolane-4-carboxylic acid and 4-methyl-1,2-dithiolane-4-carboxilic acid) used in clinics/cosmetics, focusing on the recent research in this area and including international patents applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ņikitjuka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena iela 3, 1048, Riga, Latvia
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Schlachter A, Lapprand A, Fortin D, Strohmann C, Harvey PD, Knorr M. From Short-Bite Ligand Assembled Ribbons to Nanosized Networks in Cu(I) Coordination Polymers Built Upon Bis(benzylthio)alkanes (BzS(CH 2) nSBz; n = 1-9). Inorg Chem 2020; 59:3686-3708. [PMID: 32134656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With the objective to establish a correlation between the spacer distance and halide dependence on the structural features of coordination polymers (CPs) assembled by the reaction between CuX salts (X = Cl, Br, I) and dithioether ligands BzS(CH2)nSBz (n = 1-9; Bz = benzyl), a series of 26 compounds have been prepared and structurally investigated. A particular attention has been devoted to the design of networks with extremely long and flexible methylene spacer units between the SBz donor sites. Under identical conditions, CuI and CuBr react with BzSCH2Bz (L1) affording respectively the one-dimensional (1D) CPs {Cu(μ2-I)2Cu}(μ-L1)2]n (CP1) and {Cu(μ2-Br)2Cu}(μ-L1)2] (CP2), which incorporate Cu(μ2-X)2Cu rhomboids as secondary building units (SBUs). The hitherto unknown architecture of two-dimensional (2D) layers obtained with CuCl (CP3) differs from that of CP1 and CP2, which bear inorganic -Cl-Cu-Cl-Cu-Cl- chains interconnected through bridging L1 ligands, thus forming a 2D architecture. The crystallographic characterization of a 1D CP obtained by reacting CuI with 1,3-bis(benzylthio)propane (L2) reveals that [{Cu(μ2-I)2Cu}(μ-L2)2]n (CP4) contains conventional Cu2I2 rhomboids as SBUs. In contrast, unusual isostructural CPs [{Cu(μ2-X)}(μ2-L2)]n (CP5) and (CP6) are obtained with CuX when X = Br and Cl, respectively, in which the isolated Cu atoms are bridged by a single μ2-Br or μ2-Cl ion giving rise to infinite [Cu(μ2-X)Cu]n ribbons. The crystal structure of the strongly luminescent three-dimensional (3D) polymer [{Cu4(μ3-I)3(μ4-I)(μ-L3)1.5]n (CP7) issued from reacting 2 equiv of CuI with BzS(CH2)4SBz (L3) has been redetermined. CP7 features unusual [(Cu4I3)(μ4-I)]n arrays securing the 3D connectivity. In contrast, mixing CuI with an excess of L3 provides the nonemissive material [{Cu(μ2-I)2Cu}(μ-L3)2]n (CP8). Treatment of CuBr and CuCl with L3 leads to [{Cu(μ2-Br)2Cu}(μ-L3)2]n (CP9) and the 0D complex [{Cu(μ2-Cl)2Cu}(μ-L3)2] (D1), respectively. The crystallographic particularity for CP9 is the coexistence of two topological isomers within the unit cell. The first one, CP9-1D, consists of simple 1D ribbons running along the a axis of the unit cell. The second topological isomer, CP9-2D, also consists of [Cu(μ2-Br)2Cu] SBUs, but these are interconnected in a 2D manner forming 2D sheets placed perpendicular to the 1D ribbons. Four 2D CPs, namely, [{Cu4(μ3-I)4}(μ-L4)2]n (CP10), [{Cu(μ2-I)2Cu}(μ-L4)2]n (CP11), [{Cu(μ2-Br)2Cu}(μ-L4)2]n (CP12), and [{Cu(μ2-Cl)2Cu}(μ-L4)2]n (CP13), stem from the self-assembly process of CuX with BzS(CH2)6SBz (L4). A similar series of 2D materials comprising [{Cu4(μ3-I)4}(μ-L5)2]n (CP14), [{Cu(μ2-I)2Cu}(μ-L5)2]n (CP15), [{Cu(μ2-Br)2Cu}(μ-L5)2]n (CP16), and [{Cu(μ2-Cl)2Cu}(μ-L5)2]n (CP17) result from the coordination of BzS(CH2)7SBz (L5) on CuX. Ligation of CuX with the long-chain ligand BzS(CH2)8SBz (L6) allows for the X-ray characterization of the luminescent 2D [{Cu4(μ3-I)4}(μ-L6)2]n (CP18) and the isostructural 1D series [{Cu(μ2-X)2Cu}(μ-L6)2]n CP19 (X = I), CP20 (X = Br) and CP21(X = Cl). Noteworthy, BzS(CH2)9SBz (L7) bearing a very flexible nine-atom chain generated the crystalline materials 2D [{Cu4(μ3-I)4}(μ-L7)2]n (CP22) and the isostructural 1D series [{Cu(μ2-X)2Cu}(μ-L6)2]n CP23 (X = I), CP24 (X = Br), and CP25 (X = Cl), featuring nanometric separations between the cubane- or rhomboid-SBUs. This comparative study reveals that the outcome of the reaction of CuX with the shorter ligands BzS(CH2)nSBz (n = 1-4) is not predictable. However, with more flexible spacer chains BzS(CH2)nSBz (n = 6-9), a clear structural pattern can be established. Using a 1:1 CuX-to-ligand ratio, [{Cu(μ2-X)2Cu}(μ-L4-7)2] CPs are always formed, irrespectively of L4-L7. Employing a 2:1 CuX-to-ligand ratio, only CuI is able to form networks incorporating Cu4(μ3-I)4 clusters as SBUs. All attempts to construct polynuclear cluster using CuBr and CuCl failed. The materials have been furthermore analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, and the photophysical properties of the emissive materials have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Schlachter
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2550 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1K 2R1
| | - Antony Lapprand
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2550 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1K 2R1.,Institut UTINAM, UMR CNRS 6213, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16, Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Daniel Fortin
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2550 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1K 2R1
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Pierre D Harvey
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2550 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1K 2R1
| | - Michael Knorr
- Institut UTINAM, UMR CNRS 6213, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16, Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
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Rowland EA, Snowden CK, Cristea IM. Protein lipoylation: an evolutionarily conserved metabolic regulator of health and disease. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 42:76-85. [PMID: 29169048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoylation is a rare, but highly conserved lysine posttranslational modification. To date, it is known to occur on only four multimeric metabolic enzymes in mammals, yet these proteins are staples in the core metabolic landscape. The dysregulation of these mitochondrial proteins is linked to a range of human metabolic disorders. Perhaps most striking is that lipoylation itself, the proteins that add or remove the modification, as well as the proteins it decorates are all evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to humans, highlighting the importance of this essential cofactor. Here, we discuss the biological significance of protein lipoylation, the importance of understanding its regulation in health and disease states, and the advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomic technologies that can aid these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Rowland
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Caroline K Snowden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States.
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Raghuvanshi A, Dargallay NJ, Knorr M, Viau L, Knauer L, Strohmann C. 1,3-Dithiolane and 1,3-Ferrocenyl-dithiolane as Assembling Ligands for the Construction of Cu(I) Clusters and Coordination Polymers. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-017-0610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shi C, Sun Y, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Yang M, Ben H, Song K, Cao Y, Chen Y, Liu X, Dong R, Xia X. Antimicrobial effect of lipoic acid against Cronobacter sakazakii. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nikolić RS, Krstić NS, Nikolić GM, Kocić GM, Cakić MD, Anđelković DH. Molecular mechanisms of beneficial effects of lipoic acid in copper intoxicated rats assessment by FTIR and ESI-MS. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fang WH, Yang GY. Syntheses and structures of three heterometallic coordination polymers derived from 4-pyridin-3-yl-benzoic acid. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Peng R, Li M, Li D. Copper(I) halides: A versatile family in coordination chemistry and crystal engineering. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Siemeling U, Bruhn C, Bretthauer F, Borg M, Träger F, Vogel F, Azzam W, Badin M, Strunskus T, Wöll C. Photoresponsive SAMs on gold fabricated from azobenzene-functionalised asparagusic acid derivatives. Dalton Trans 2009:8593-604. [DOI: 10.1039/b905025f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Corduneanu O, Garnett M, Brett AMO. Anodic Oxidation of α‐Lipoic Acid at a Glassy Carbon Electrode and Its Determination in Dietary Supplements. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701298552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Doyle A, Felcman J, Gambardella MTDP, Verani CN, Tristão MLB. Anhydrous copper(II) hexanoate from cuprous and cupric oxides. The crystal and molecular structure of Cu2(O2CC5H11)4. Polyhedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)00568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Zhou Q, Hambley TW, Kennedy BJ, Lay PA, Turner P, Warwick B, Biffin JR, Regtop HL. Syntheses and characterization of anti-inflammatory dinuclear and mononuclear zinc indomethacin complexes. Crystal structures of [Zn2(indomethacin)4(L)2] (L = N,N-dimethylacetamide, pyridine, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone) and [Zn(indomethacin)2(L1)2] (L1 = ethanol, methanol). Inorg Chem 2000; 39:3742-8. [PMID: 11196764 DOI: 10.1021/ic991477i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses and spectral and structural characterizations of Zn(II) indomethacin [1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-acetic acid = IndoH] complexes, as different solvent adducts, have been studied. The complexes are unusual in that both monomeric and dimeric complexes are formed and that this is the first example of the same carboxylato ligand binding via both carboxylate oxygen atoms in monomeric and dimeric Zn(II) complexes. The crystal structures of Zn-Indo complexes with N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), pyridine (Py), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), EtOH, and MeOH as solvent ligands, [Zn2(Indo)4(DMA)2].2DMA, 1, [Zn2(Indo)4(Py)2].2H2O, 2b, [Zn2(Indo)4(NMP)2], 3, cis-[Zn(Indo)2(EtOH)2], 4, and cis-[Zn(Indo)2(MeOH)2], 5, were determined. Complexes 1, 2b, and 3 crystallize in the triclinic space group P1 (No. 2): a = 13.628(2) A, b = 17.462(2) A, c = 11.078(1) A, alpha = 99.49(1) degrees, beta = 108.13(1) degrees, gamma = 110.10(1) degrees for 1; a = 13.347(3) A, b = 16.499(5) A, c = 10.857(1) A, alpha = 99.48(2) degrees, beta = 108.25(2) degrees, gamma = 106.24(2) degrees for 2; a = 14.143(3) A, b = 14.521(2) A, c = 11.558(2) A, alpha = 109.07(1) degrees, beta = 90.80(2) degrees, gamma = 116.40(1) degrees for 3. The three complexes exhibit dinuclear paddle-wheel structures with a Zn...Zn distance of 2.9686(6) A, Zn-ORCOO distances of 2.035(2)-2.060(2) A, and a Zn-ODMA distance of 1.989(2) A in 1, a Zn...Zn distance of 2.969(1) A, Zn-ORCOO distances of 2.020(3)-2.049(3) A, and a Zn-NPy distance of 2.036(3) A in 2, and a Zn...Zn distance of 2.934(1) A, Zn-ORCOO distances of 2.009(3)-2.051(3) A, and a Zn-ONMP distance of 1.986(3) A in 3. In these cases, the zinc ions are offset along the z direction such that the L-Zn...Zn-L moiety is nonlinear, unlike the Cu analogues. Each Zn has a square-pyramidal geometry bridged by four carboxylato ligands in the basal plane with the solvent ligands containing an O- or N-donor atom at the apex. Complexes 4 and 5 are isostructural, with space group C2/c (No. 15). For 4, a = 30.080(2) A, b = 5.3638(6) A, c = 24.739(2) A, beta = 90.342(7) degrees, and for 5, a = 29.419(2) A, b = 5.320(2) A, c = 24.461(2) A, beta = 90.840(4) degrees. The Zn resides on a 2-fold axis and the complexes have a distorted cis octahedral structure with Zn-ORCOO bond lengths of 2.183(3) and 2.169(3) A, a Zn-OEtOH bond length of 2.015(3) A in 4, Zn-ORCOO bond lengths of 2.195(2) and 2.151(2) A, and a Zn-OMeOH bond length of 2.022(3) A in 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhou
- Centre for Heavy Metals Research, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Bisby RH, Parker AW. Antioxidant reactions of dihydrolipoic acid and lipoamide with triplet duroquinone. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 244:263-7. [PMID: 9514912 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of the antioxidants dihydrolipoate and lipoamide by triplet duroquinone (3DQ) has been studied by laser flash photolysis and time-resolved resonance Raman (TR3) spectroscopy. Reaction of 3DQ with lipoamide by electron transfer [k(H2O)/k(D2O approximately 1] was more rapid than with dihydrolipoate, in which a proton is also involved [k(H2O)/k(D2O approximately 2]. For dihydrolipoate at neutral pH the undeprotonated form was the major reactive species with k approximately 10(9) dm3 mol-1 s-1. At higher pH values the reaction of ionised (thiolate) forms was observed with k > or = 4 x 10(9) dm3 mol-1 s-1. The electron transfer mechanism of reaction between 3DQ and lipoamide was confirmed by TR3 spectra in which formation of the durosemiquinone radical anion and lipoamide disulfide radical cation (RSS+.) was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Bisby
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Salford, United Kingdom
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